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Author : Charles Hirschman,United States. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health,Gerry E. Hendershot
Publisher : Department of Health Education and Welfare Public Health
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : UCR:31210024890392
Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee on Nutritional Status During Pregnancy and Lactation
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1991-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309043915
On the basis of a comprehensive literature review and analysis, Nutrition During Lactation points out specific directions for needed research in understanding the relationship between the nutrition of healthy mothers and the outcomes of lactation. Of widest interest are the committee's clear-cut recommendations for mothers and health care providers. The volume presents data on who among U.S. mothers is breastfeeding, a critical evaluation of methods for assessing the nutritional status of lactating women, and an analysis of how to relate the mother's nutrition to the volume and composition of the milk. Available data on the links between a mother's nutrition and the nutrition and growth of her infant and current information on the risk of transmission through breastfeeding of allergic diseases, environmental toxins, and certain viruses (including the HIV virus) are included. Nutrition During Lactation also studies the effects of maternal cigarette smoking, drug use, and alcohol consumption.
Author : Kathleen Ford,United States. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Birth control
ISBN : 0840601484
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Breastfeeding
ISBN : OCLC:709753919
"For nearly all infants, breastfeeding is the best source of infant nutrition and immunologic protection, and it provides remarkable health benefits to mothers as well. Babies who are breastfed are less likely to become overweight and obese. Many mothers in the United States want to breastfeed, and most try. And yet within only three months after giving birth, more than two-thirds of breastfeeding mothers have already begun using formula. By six months postpartum, more than half of mothers have given up on breastfeeding, and mothers who breastfeed one-yearolds or toddlers are a rarity in our society. October 2010 marked the 10th anniversary of the release of the HHS Blueprint for Action on Breastfeeding, in which former Surgeon General David Satcher, M.D., Ph. D., reiterated the commitment of previous Surgeons General to support breastfeeding as a public health goal. This was the first comprehensive framework for national action on breastfeeding. It was created through collaboration among representatives from medical, business, women's health, and advocacy groups as well as academic communities. The Blueprint provided specific action steps for the health care system, researchers, employers, and communities to better protect, promote, and support breastfeeding. I have issued this Call to Action because the time has come to set forth the important roles and responsibilities of clinicians, employers, communities, researchers, and government leaders and to urge us all to take on a commitment to enable mothers to meet their personal goals for breastfeeding. Mothers are acutely aware of and devoted to their responsibilities when it comes to feeding their children, but the responsibilities of others must be identified so that all mothers can obtain the information, help, and support they deserve when they breastfeed their infants. Identifying the support systems that are needed to help mothers meet their personal breastfeeding goals will allow them to stop feeling guilty and alone when problems with breastfeeding arise. All too often, mothers who wish to breastfeed encounter daunting challenges in moving through the health care system. Furthermore, there is often an incompatibility between employment and breastfeeding, but with help this is not impossible to overcome. Even so, because the barriers can seem insurmountable at times, many mothers stop breastfeeding. In addition, families are often unable to find the support they need in their communities to make breastfeeding work for them. From a societal perspective, many research questions related to breastfeeding remain unanswered, and for too long, breastfeeding has received insufficient national attention as a public health issue. This Call to Action describes in detail how different people and organizations can contribute to the health of mothers and their children. Rarely are we given the chance to make such a profound and lasting difference in the lives of so many. I am confident that this Call to Action will spark countless imaginative, effective, and mutually supportive endeavors that improve support for breastfeeding mothers and children in our nation."--Page v.
Author : Jacqueline H. Wolf
Publisher : Ohio State University Press
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Breast feeding
ISBN : 0814208770
""An outstanding contribution to the history of medicine and gender, "Don't Kill Your Baby" should be on the bookshelves of historians and health professionals as well as anyone interested in the way in which medical practice can be shaped by external forces." -Margaret Marsh, Rutgers University How did breastfeeding-once accepted as the essence of motherhood and essential to the well-being of infants-come to be viewed with distaste and mistrust? Why did mothers come to choose artificial food over human milk, despite the health risks? In this history of infant feeding, Jacqueline H. Wolf focuses on turn-of-the-century Chicago as a microcosm of the urbanizing United States. She explores how economic pressures, class conflict, and changing views of medicine, marriage, efficiency, self-control, and nature prompted increasing numbers of women and, eventually, doctors to doubt the efficacy and propriety of breastfeeding. Examining the interactions among women, dairies, and health care providers, Wolf uncovers the origins of contemporary attitudes toward and myths about breastfeeding. Jacqueline H. Wolf is assistant professor in the history of medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, and adjust assistant professor, Women's Studies Program, Ohio University.
Author : Karen M. Kedrowski,Michael E. Lipscomb
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2007-12-30
Category : Family & Relationships
ISBN : 9780313082528
Breastfeeding Rights in the United States shows that the right to breastfeed in this country exists only in a negative sense: you can do it unless someone takes you to court. Kedrowski and Lipscomb catalog and analyze all the laws, policies, judicial opinions, cultural mores, and public attitudes that bear on breastfeeding in America. They then explore the classic double bind: social norms promulgated by the medical and public health establishment say breast is best; but social practices in the workplace and in public spaces make breastfeeding difficult. Aggravating the double bind is the prominence of the breast in American culture as a sexual object. The double bind creates coercively structured choices that are incompatible with the meaningful exercise of rights. The authors conclude that the solution to this problem requires new theory and new strategy. They posit a new democratic, feminist theory of the breastfeeding right that is predicated on the following distinctions: DT It is not a right to breastfeed, but a right to choose to breastfeed. DT It is a woman's right to choose, not a baby's right to be breastfeed. DT It is a right, not a duty. The authors predict that framing the breastfeeding right in this way provides the basis for a new strategic coalition between breastfeeding advocates and liberal feminists, who have historically been wary of one another's rhetoric. Breastfeeding Rights in the United States represents an important advance toward policy change.
Author : Kimberly Seals Allers
Publisher : St. Martin's Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2017-01-24
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781250026972
Pediatricians say you should but it's okay if you don't. The hospital says, "Breast is best," but sends you home with formula "just in case." Your sister-in-law says, "Of course you should!" Your mother says, "I didn't, and you turned out just fine." Celebrities are photographed nursing in public, yet breastfeeding mothers are asked to cover up in malls and on airplanes. Breastfeeding is a private act, yet everyone has an opinion about it. How did feeding our babies get so complicated? Journalist and infant health advocate Kimberly Seals Allers breaks breastfeeding out of the realm of "personal choice" and shows our broader connection to an industrialized food system that begins at birth, the fallout of feminist ideals, and the federal policies that are far from family friendly. The Big Letdown uncovers the multibillion-dollar forces battling to replace mothers' milk and the failure of the medical establishment to protect infant health. Weaving together research and personal stories with original reporting on medicine, big pharma, and hospitals, Kimberly Seals Allers shows how mothers and babies have been abandoned by all the forces that should be supporting families from the start--and what we can do to help.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee to Review WIC Food Packages
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 587 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2016-08-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309380003
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) began 40 years ago as a pilot program and has since grown to serve over 8 million pregnant women, and mothers of and their infants and young children. Today the program serves more than a quarter of the pregnant women and half of the infants in the United States, at an annual cost of about $6.2 billion. Through its contribution to the nutritional needs of pregnant, breastfeeding, and post-partum women; infants; and children under 5 years of age; this federally supported nutrition assistance program is integral to meeting national nutrition policy goals for a significant portion of the U.S. population. To assure the continued success of the WIC, Congress mandated that the Food and Nutrition Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reevaluate the program's food packages every 10 years. In 2014, the USDA asked the Institute of Medicine to undertake this reevaluation to ensure continued alignment with the goals of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. This, the second report of this series, provides a summary of the work of phase I of the study, and serves as the analytical underpinning for phase II in which the committee will report its final conclusions and recommendations.
Author : Alison Jacknowitz
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Breastfeeding
ISBN : UOM:39015063160348
There are well-established short- and long-term benefits of breastfeeding to mothers and children. Research has shown that breastfeeding is associated with health, cognitive, and educational benefits for children. For example, studies in the United States (U.S.) and abroad have found evidence that children who are breastfed have lower rates of urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, diarrhea, allergic diseases, otitis media, bacterial meningitis, botulism, bacteremia, and necrotizing enterocoloitis. In addition to the physiological health benefits, human milk may benefit children's cognitive development. Studies also suggest that breastfeeding is beneficial for the mother's health. The list of beneficial maternal health outcomes includes lowered risk of breast and ovarian cancers, decreased incidence of long-term osteoporosis and pregnancy-induced obesity, more rapid return to the prepartum state, and reduced menstrual blood loss. Some evidence also demonstrates an improved sense of maternal self-esteem, bonding with infant, and success with mothering. Both individuals and society accrue large benefits from breastfeeding. For example, one study finds that medical expenditures were 20 percent less for fully-breastfed infants compared to never-breastfed infants (Hoey and Ware 1997). In addition, an analysis by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service estimates at least $3.6 billion in annual savings if the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was increased to those levels recommended by the Surgeon General (Weimer 2001). This figure reflects $3.1 billion in savings attributable to preventing premature deaths and $0.5 billion in savings associated with reduced medical expenses and indirect costs of time and earnings savings to parents. These estimates should be considered conservative as they only include the costs of three common infant illnesses.
Author : Tasnim Nathoo,Aleck Ostry
Publisher : Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2011-04-07
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781554587582
In recent years, breastfeeding has been prominently in the public eye in relation to debates on issues ranging from parental leave policies, work−family balance, public decency, the safety of our food supply, and public health concerns such as health care costs and the obesity “epidemic.” Breastfeeding has officially been considered “the one best way” for feeding infants for the past 150 years of Canadian history. This book examines the history and evolution of breastfeeding policies and practices in Canada from the end of the nineteenth century to the turn of the twenty-first. The authors’ historical approach allows current debates to be situated within a broader social, political, cultural, and economic context. Breastfeeding shifted from a private matter to a public concern at the end of the nineteenth century. Over the course of the next century, the “best” way to feed infants was often scientifically or politically determined, and guidelines for mothers shifted from one generation to the next. Drawing upon government reports, academic journals, archival sources, and interviews with policy-makers and breastfeeding advocates, the authors trace trends, patterns, ideologies, and policies of breastfeeding in Canada.
Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 70 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Family & Relationships
ISBN : 9241562218
WHO and UNICEF jointly developed this global strategy to focus world attention on the impact that feeding practices have on the nutritional status, growth and development, health, and thus the very survival of infants and young children. The strategy is the result of a comprehensive two-year participatory process. It is based on the evidence of nutrition's significance in the early months and years of life, and of the crucial role that appropriate feeding practices play in achieving optimal health outcomes. The strategy is intended as a guide for action; it identifies interventions with a proven positive impact; it emphasizes providing mothers and families the support they need to carry out their crucial roles, and it explicitly defines the obligations and responsibilities in this regards of governments, international organizations, and other concerned parties.
Author : Valerie A. Fildes
Publisher : Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Bottle feeding
ISBN : UCSD:31822002601318
Author : Jennifer Grayson
Publisher : HarperCollins
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2016-07-05
Category : Family & Relationships
ISBN : 9780062423405
From an environmental journalist and mother of two young breast-fed children comes this searing, insightful look into the breastfeeding controversy and puts “common knowledge” about this most natural of processes to the test by breaking down the complex cultural, corporate, political, and technological factors that have transformed the way people think about breastfeeding and the human experience. Since the rise of infant formula in the early twentieth century, breastfeeding has gone from a basic biological function to a never-ending controversy and hot topic in the media: an Instagram photo of Blake Lively breastfeeding her daughter gained 367,000 likes and was posted across media sites from USA Today to Us Weekly. A photo of an Argentinian politician breastfeeding her 8-month-old during a session of Parliament quickly went viral, drawing a mix of support and criticism. Target’s breastfeeding policy, allowing women to nurse in any area of the store, was recently shared on Facebook to praise from mothers across America. Clearly, this is a topic that constantly makes headlines and sparks heated discussion throughout the world. Growing up, Jennifer Grayson thought nothing of the fact that her mother had not breastfed her. It wasn’t until she became a mother herself that she realized she had missed out on a natural, profound, and incredibly important experience, one that she became determined to give to her own children. Her curiosity about breastfeeding soon turned to passion, leading her to launch a worldwide search for knowledge and stories of breastfeeding. From biblical times to eighteenth century France, from modern-day Mongolia to inner-city Los Angeles, Grayson explores the personal stories of breastfeeding women throughout history around the world. Along the way, she takes readers behind the scenes at a lactation research laboratory, interviews controversial breastfeeding figures including Dr. William Sears, and shares her own personal experience of extended breastfeeding her preschool and toddler daughters. Unlatched is a thorough and fascinating study of one of the most contentious issues affecting society today.
Author : U.s. Department of Health and Human Services,Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 422 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2014-06-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1500350761
The purpose of this report is to summarize the literature concerning the relationship of breastfeeding and various infant and maternal health outcomes. Two key questions are addressed: 1. What are the benefits and harms for infants and children in terms of short-term outcomes, such as infectious diseases (including otitis media, diarrhea, and lower respiratory tract infections), sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and infant mortality, and longer term outcomes such as cognitive development, childhood cancer (including leukemia), type I and II diabetes, asthma, atopic dermatitis, cardiovascular disease (including hypertension), hyperlipidemia, and obesity, compared among those who mostly breastfeed, mostly formula feed, and mixed feed; and how are these outcomes associated with duration of the type of feeding? Do the harms and benefits differ for any specific subpopulations based on socio-demographic factors? 2. What are the benefits and harms on maternal health short-term outcomes, such as postpartum depression and return to pre-pregnancy weight, and long-term outcomes, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, diabetes and osteoporosis, compared among breastfeeding, formula feeding, and mixed feeding, and how are these associated with duration of the type of feeding? Do the harms and benefits differ for any specific subpopulations based on socio-demographic factors?
Author : Linda M. Blum
Publisher : Beacon Press (MA)
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Family & Relationships
ISBN : STANFORD:36105021929083
At the Breast is a fascinating look at how women in different economic and ethnic groups respond to the 1990s version of idealized motherhood, particularly breastfeeding. Discouraged by the medical community from the 1950s to the 1970s, breast-feeding regained esteem in the 1980s. and now most doctors take the line that "breast is best, " In fact, as Linda Blum demonstrates, popular magazines and the news media frequently report the health benefits of breast milk for infants, so that breastfeeding is now considered the sine qua non of good mothering, and often the "bond" that cements the mother/child relationship.As she explores the history and reasons for this shift, Blum reveals that a discussion about the seemingly private and individual practice of breastfeeding is really a larger conversation about motherhood, sexuality, class, and race. She interviews three groups of women -- the white, middle-class mothers of La Leche League and black and white working-class mothers -- to discover that breastfeeding can be, by turns, a deeply gratifying experience of embodiment, an anxiety-evoking reminder of uncertain respectability and diminished expectations, and an undesirable practice mat carries reminders of the painful history of relations between blacks and whites in the U.S.For mothers considering their roles and for readers interested in questions of feminism. class, and race. At the Breast offers a penetrating view of our society from a unique angle.