Trust And Proof

Author : Donald MacKenzie
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2004-01-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0262632950

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Mechanizing Proof by Donald MacKenzie Pdf

Most aspects of our private and social lives—our safety, the integrity of the financial system, the functioning of utilities and other services, and national security—now depend on computing. But how can we know that this computing is trustworthy? In Mechanizing Proof, Donald MacKenzie addresses this key issue by investigating the interrelations of computing, risk, and mathematical proof over the last half century from the perspectives of history and sociology. His discussion draws on the technical literature of computer science and artificial intelligence and on extensive interviews with participants. MacKenzie argues that our culture now contains two ideals of proof: proof as traditionally conducted by human mathematicians, and formal, mechanized proof. He describes the systems constructed by those committed to the latter ideal and the many questions those systems raise about the nature of proof. He looks at the primary social influence on the development of automated proof—the need to predict the behavior of the computer systems upon which human life and security depend—and explores the involvement of powerful organizations such as the National Security Agency. He concludes that in mechanizing proof, and in pursuing dependable computer systems, we do not obviate the need for trust in our collective human judgment.

Author : Naomi Oreskes
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2021-04-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691212265

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Why Trust Science? by Naomi Oreskes Pdf

Why the social character of scientific knowledge makes it trustworthy Are doctors right when they tell us vaccines are safe? Should we take climate experts at their word when they warn us about the perils of global warming? Why should we trust science when so many of our political leaders don't? Naomi Oreskes offers a bold and compelling defense of science, revealing why the social character of scientific knowledge is its greatest strength—and the greatest reason we can trust it. Tracing the history and philosophy of science from the late nineteenth century to today, this timely and provocative book features a new preface by Oreskes and critical responses by climate experts Ottmar Edenhofer and Martin Kowarsch, political scientist Jon Krosnick, philosopher of science Marc Lange, and science historian Susan Lindee, as well as a foreword by political theorist Stephen Macedo.

Author : Andrea Rizzi
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 327 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2017-11-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004323889

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Trust and Proof by Andrea Rizzi Pdf

The chapters in this volume share an aim to historicize the role of the translator as a cultural and political agent in the early modern West.

Author : Brandon Russell
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 377 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2015-11-28
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781365487422

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Burden of Proof: Using Known Concepts to Reveal Eternal Truths by Brandon Russell Pdf

Where is the proof? Why believe in something if there is no evidence? Also, why believe in something when there is evidence that runs contrary to a particular belief? This is basic logic and a reason why most deny a deity. Most who deny a deity argue there is no evidence. Also they point to scientific evidence to validate their skepticism.However, what if there is evidence and evidence that is overwhelming? Those who deny a deity have every right to demand evidence. Yet, what will they do when they are provided proof? The Bible advocates a God who is sovereign. If this is true everything points to his existence.God is not hiding, he wants to be known. BURDEN OF PROOF: Using Known Concepts to Reveal Eternal Truths, was written to identify the evidence of God's existence.The author answers forty thought-provoking questions that highlight the eternal truths of Scripture. Thus proving that the burden of proof does not lie with those who believe in God but with those who don't.

Author : Michael R. T. Macnair
Publisher : Duncker & Humblot
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-21
Category : Law
ISBN : 342849198X

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The Law of Proof in Early Modern Equity by Michael R. T. Macnair Pdf

This volume is a systematic study of the rules of proof in English Courts of Equity between the later sixteenth and the early eighteenth century. In this period the proof practices of the Courts of Equity were controversial, as contemporary lawyers saw them as linked to the Civil Law, and some perceived a threat to the Common Law tradition. The reality of this linkage and threat has continued to be controversial among historians. In addition, this period saw the early stages of the development of the Common Law of Evidence, which in modern law is a striking divergence from Civil Law systems. The origins of the law of evidence have traditionally been linked to the need for judges to control the jury, but this view has been subject to several recent critiques. The Courts of Equity did not generally use jury trial. This study considers Equity proof rules in their relationships to contemporary Civil and Canon Law proof conceptions, medieval Common Law rules governing proof of facts, and early Common Law evidence rules. It concludes that Equity courts operated a variant of civilian proof concepts, and mediated an influence of these concepts on the origins of the Common Law of Evidence. These findings cast a new light on the debates on these origins, and on the relationship between the Common Law and Civil Law traditions in early modern England.

Author : Gary Rosberg,Barbara Rosberg
Publisher : Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2003-04
Category : Family & Relationships
ISBN : 084236577X

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Divorce Proof Your Marriage by Gary Rosberg,Barbara Rosberg Pdf

Presents a guide to protecting a marriage from divorce, including information relationship experts on how to meet a partner's needs, heal hurt in marriage, and weather storms of life.

Author : United States. Interstate Commerce Commission
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 876 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1940
Category : Interstate commerce
ISBN : UIUC:30112105102146

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Interstate Commerce Commission Reports by United States. Interstate Commerce Commission Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 696 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1896
Category : Law
ISBN : UOM:35112102694116

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The Australian Law Times by Anonim Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1066 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1853
Category : Law
ISBN : UCAL:C3009331

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The Law Times by Anonim Pdf

Author : Paul Roberts
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 558 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351567398

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Expert Evidence and Scientific Proof in Criminal Trials by Paul Roberts Pdf

Forensic science evidence and expert witness testimony play an increasingly prominent role in modern criminal proceedings. Science produces powerful evidence of criminal offending, but has also courted controversy and sometimes contributed towards miscarriages of justice. The twenty-six articles and essays reproduced in this volume explore the theoretical foundations of modern scientific proof and critically consider the practical issues to which expert evidence gives rise in contemporary criminal trials. The essays are prefaced by a substantial new introduction which provides an overview and incisive commentary contextualising the key debates. The volume begins by placingforensic science in interdisciplinary focus, with contributions from historical, sociological, Science and Technology Studies (STS), philosophical and jurisprudential perspectives. This is followed by closer examination of the role of forensic science and other expert evidence in criminal proceedings, exposing enduring tensions and addressing recent controversies in the relationship between science and criminal law. A third set of contributions considers the practical challenges of interpreting and communicating forensic science evidence. This perennial battle continues to be fought at the intersection between the logic of scientific inference and the psychology of the fact-finder‘scommon sense reasoning. Finally, the volume‘s fourth group of essays evaluates the (limited) success of existing procedural reforms aimed at improving the reception of expert testimony in criminal adjudication, and considers future prospects for institutional renewal - with a keen eye to comparative law models and experiences, success stories and cautionary tales.

Author : Sovereignty Education and Defense Ministry (SEDM)
Publisher : Sovereignty Education and Defense Ministry (SEDM)
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2020-02-06
Category : Law
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Proof That There Is a "Straw Man", Form #05.042 by Sovereignty Education and Defense Ministry (SEDM) Pdf

Proves that the "straw man" referred to by freedom advocates exists, how it is created, how you become surety for it, and how to disconnect from it. For reasons why NONE of our materials may legally be censored and violate NO Google policies, see: https://sedm.org/why-our-materials-cannot-legally-be-censored/

Author : Peter Vickers
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2023-02-22
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780192862730

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Future-Proof Science by Peter Vickers Pdf

Is science getting at the truth? The sceptics - those who spread doubt about science - often employ a simple argument: scientists were 'sure' in the past, and then they ended up being wrong. Through a combination of historical investigation and philosophical-sociological analysis, Identifying Future-Proof Science defends science against this potentially dangerous scepticism. Indeed, we can confidently identify many scientific claims that are future-proof: they will last forever, so long as science continues. How do we identify future-proof claims? This appears to be a new question for science scholars, and not an unimportant one. Peter Vickers argues that the best way to identify future-proof science is to avoid any attempt to analyse the relevant first-order scientific evidence, instead focusing purely on second-order evidence. Specifically, a scientific claim is future-proof when the relevant scientific community is large, international, and diverse, and at least 95% of that community would describe the claim as a 'scientific fact'. In the entire history of science, no claim meeting these criteria has ever been overturned, despite enormous opportunity.

Author : Peter Vickers
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2022-10-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780192677211

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Identifying Future-Proof Science by Peter Vickers Pdf

Is science getting at the truth? The sceptics - those who spread doubt about science - often employ a simple argument: scientists were 'sure' in the past, and then they ended up being wrong. Through a combination of historical investigation and philosophical-sociological analysis, Identifying Future-Proof Science defends science against this potentially dangerous scepticism. Indeed, we can confidently identify many scientific claims that are future-proof: they will last forever, so long as science continues. How do we identify future-proof claims? This appears to be a new question for science scholars, and not an unimportant one. Peter Vickers argues that the best way to identify future-proof science is to avoid any attempt to analyse the relevant first-order scientific evidence, instead focusing purely on second-order evidence. Specifically, a scientific claim is future-proof when the relevant scientific community is large, international, and diverse, and at least 95% of that community would describe the claim as a 'scientific fact'. In the entire history of science, no claim meeting these criteria has ever been overturned, despite enormous opportunity.

Author : Jr John Tyner
Publisher : Xulon Press
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2011-09-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781612152585

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Tsunami Proof Your Retirement by Jr John Tyner Pdf

"Remember, smart financial decisions impact the quality of your life." -Jack Keeter Semmax Financial Group, Inc. is a full service wealth management and retirement planning firm with offices located in Greensboro and Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The company was founded in 2003 with a commitment to serving the complex financial needs of retirees and aspiring retirees. Today, the company is comprised of three firms dedicated to addressing the unique and diversified financial needs of our clients; offering tailored integrated solutions to help them achieve the financial growth necessary for a prosperous 30+ years of retirement. Semmax Financial Advisors, Inc. is the company's Registered Investment Advisory arm - strictly regulated and audited by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) through the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). As such, our fee only advisory offers customized asset management solutions using a range of investment vehicles - stocks, bonds, mutual funds, REITS, ETFs - across a variety of investment disciplines, asset classes, and strategies, tailored to each client's risk tolerance and planning goals. Semmax, Inc. specializes in providing the most competitive insurance solutions available. From life and long term care insurance, to a host of annuity products from the top-rated carriers in the industry, our risk management division implements insurance strategies customized to each individual's life circumstances. Semmax Tax, Inc. was founded in 2004 as the third component of Semmax Financial Group and subsidiary of Triad Tax Advisory and Financial Services, Inc., to address the need for advantageous, integrated tax planning for clients by an Enrolled Agent, a federally-authorized tax practitioner, on staff. www.semmax.com

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 624 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1885
Category : Law reports, digests, etc
ISBN : UCAL:B4435958

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Weekly Notes of Cases Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, the County Courts of Philadelphia, and the United States District and Circuit Courts for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania by Anonim Pdf