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U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians by Jim Zanotti Pdf
Contents: (1) Intro.; (2) Overview and Recent Developments; (3) Types of U.S. Bilateral Aid to the Palestinians: Project Assistance Through USAID; Types of Funding Programs; Vetting Require. and Procedures; Direct Assistance to the Palestinian Authority (PA); U.S. Security Assistance to the PA; (4) U.S. Contributions to UNRWA; (5) The $900 Million U.S. Pledge; Hamas¿s Role in a ¿Unity Gov¿t.; International Pledges and the Gaza Reconstruction Effort; (6) Proposed FY 2010 Appropriations; (7) Factors in Determining Future Aid: Effectiveness of U.S. Assistance in Strengthening the PA in the West Bank; Economic Development and International Donor Assistance; Hamas and a ¿Unity Gov¿t.¿?; Questions Regarding a Two-State Solution. Charts and tables.
U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians by Jim Zanotti Pdf
U.S. aid to the Palestinians has fluctuated considerably over the past three years, largely due to Hamas's changing role within the Palestinian Authority (PA). After Hamas led the PA government for over a year, its forcible takeover of the Gaza Strip in June 2007 led to the creation of a non-Hamas government in the West Bank resulting in different models of governance for the two Palestinian territories. Since then, the U.S. has dramatically boosted aid levels to bolster the PA and President Mahmoud Abbas vis- -vis Hamas. In FY2008, Congress appropriated a total of $414.5 million in bilateral assistance to the Palestinians, the largest single year appropriation ever for the Palestinians. Because of congressional concerns that, among other things, U.S. funds might be diverted to Palestinian terrorist groups, much of this assistance is subject to legislative restrictions. For FY2009, an additional $200 million have already been appropriated for the Palestinians (with another $100 million requested by the Bush Administration). Experts advise that PA stability hinges on, now more than ever, improved security, economic development, Israeli cooperation, and the continuation of high levels of foreign assistance. U.S. contributions were made to assist emergency humanitarian efforts in the Gaza Strip during the 2008-2009 Israel-Hamas conflict, and U.S. policymakers have also spoken of possible U.S. participation in international efforts to help with the post-conflict reconstruction of Gaza subject to finding an acceptable approach vis- -vis Hamas. This report will be updated as events warrant.
U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians by Jim Zanotti Pdf
This report discusses a number of issues relating to U.S. aid to the Palestinians that have relevance for Congress. Since the establishment of limited Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and Gaza Strip in the mid-1990s, the U.S. government has committed more than $5 billion in bilateral economic and non-lethal security assistance to the Palestinians.
U. S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians by Congressional Research Service Pdf
Since the establishment of limited Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and Gaza Strip in the mid-1990s, the U.S. government has committed more than $5 billion in bilateral economic and non-lethal security assistance to the Palestinians, who are among the world's largest per capita recipients of international foreign aid. Successive Administrations have requested aid for the Palestinians in apparent support of (1) promoting the prevention or mitigation of terrorism against Israel; (2) fostering stability, prosperity, and self-governance in the West Bank that may aid Israeli-Palestinian diplomatic prospects; and (3) meeting humanitarian needs. The long-term utility of U.S. aid in encouraging regional stability and Palestinian economic and political self-sufficiency might depend to some extent on progress toward a political solution that addresses Palestinian national aspirations and Israeli security demands. U.S. policy priorities regarding aid to the Palestinians have developed partly as a result of the factional and geographical split between the Fatah-led Palestinian Authority (PA) in the West Bank and Hamas in the Gaza Strip, which took place in June 2007. From FY2008 to the present, annual Economic Support Fund (ESF) assistance to the West Bank and Gaza Strip has averaged around $400 million, with much of this going toward U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)-administered project assistance (through grants and contracts), and the rest toward budget support for the Palestinian Authority (PA). Annual International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement (INCLE) non-lethal assistance for PA security forces and the criminal justice sector in the West Bank has averaged around $100 million. In line with Obama Administration requests, baseline funding levels for both ESF (including ESF-Overseas Contingency Operations, or ESF-OCO) and INCLE have declined since FY2013, with FY2017 requested annual assistance amounts of $327.6 million for ESF and $35 million for INCLE. Because of congressional concerns that, among other things, U.S. aid to the Palestinians might be diverted to Palestinian terrorist groups, the aid is subject to a host of vetting and oversight requirements and legislative restrictions. In addition to bilateral aid, the United States is the largest single-state donor to the U.N. Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). A number of issues relating to U.S. aid to the Palestinians have relevance for Congress, including: The general effectiveness of aid and possible impacts of informal congressional holds or potential changes in assistance levels or types within both a regional and an international context. Concerns regarding Israeli-Palestinian violence, the reliability and capacity of U.S.-supported PA security forces, and PA-Israel security coordination. Legislative reductions in aid amounts in connection with official Palestinian payments for individuals implicated in terrorism and/or their families. Whether and how to support a PA government approved by Hamas, such as the government that was installed in June 2014 pursuant to a Fatah-Hamas agreement and was partly changed-apparently without Hamas input-in 2015. Addressing Palestinian initiatives with respect to international fora such as the United Nations and International Criminal Court (ICC). Dealing with the multifaceted security, political, economic, and humanitarian challenges presented by the Gaza Strip.
Political Economy of Palestine by Alaa Tartir,Tariq Dana,Timothy Seidel Pdf
This book explores the political economy of Palestine through critical, interdisciplinary, and decolonial perspectives, underscoring that an approach to economics that does not consider the political—a de-politicized economics—is inadequate to understanding the situation in occupied Palestine. A critical interdisciplinary approach to political economy challenges prevailing neoliberal logics and structures that reproduce racial capitalism, and explores how the political economy of occupied Palestine is shaped by processes of accumulation by exploitation and dispossession from both Israel and global business, as well as from Palestinian elites. A decolonial approach to Palestinian political economy foregrounds struggles against neoliberal and settler colonial policies and institutions, and aids in the de-fragmentation of Palestinian life, land, and political economy that the Oslo Accords perpetuated, but whose histories of de-development over all of Palestine can be traced back for over a century. The chapters in this book offer an in-depth contextualization of the Palestinian political economy, analyze the political economy of integration, fragmentation, and inequality, and explore and problematize multiple sectors and themes of political economy in the absence of sovereignty.
Contents: (1) U.S.-Israeli Relations and the Role of Foreign Aid; (2) U.S. Bilateral Military Aid to Israel: A 10-Year Military Aid Agreement; Foreign Military Financing; Ongoing U.S.-Israeli Defense Procurement Negotiations; (3) Defense Budget Appropriations for U.S.-Israeli Missile Defense Programs: Multi-Layered Missile Defense; High Altitude Missile Defense System; (4) Aid Restrictions and Possible Violations: Israeli Arms Sales to China; Israeli Settlements; (5) Other Ongoing Assistance and Cooperative Programs: Migration and Refugee Assistance; Loan Guarantees for Economic Recovery; American Schools and Hospitals Abroad Program; U.S.-Israeli Scientific and Business Cooperation; (6) Historical Background. Illustrations.
Palestine Investment Fund and U.S. Foreign Aid by Leon D. Velasco Pdf
The West Bank and Gaza are comprised of about 2,400 square miles and have a combined population of 4.3 million people. The Palestinian Authority and Israel administer areas within the West Bank, and the Hamas-controlled de facto authorities operate in Gaza. A negotiated two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a core U.S. national security objective. The U.S. government's foreign assistance program in the West Bank and Gaza is designed to advance progress toward the two-state solution by helping the Palestinian Authority build the institutions of a future Palestinian state, creating an atmosphere that supports negotiations, and improving the everyday lives of Palestinians, thereby contributing to the overall stability and security of the region. The U.S. government has provided assistance to the West Bank and Gaza both bilaterally and multilaterally for several decades. According to the State Department, the U.S. government is one of the largest donors to the Palestinian Authority, providing about $3 billion in bilateral assistance for fiscal years 2008 through 2012 to support education and social services, economic development, and humanitarian assistance, among other sectors. This book describes (1) the nature and scope of U.S. government involvement with the Palestine Investment Fund (PIF), and (2) the processes for vetting PIF and other non-U.S. entities. To address these objectives, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) reviewed and analyzed annual reports, U.S. antiterrorism policies, agency-specific vetting policies and procedures, and applicable program agreements obtained from PIF and relevant U.S. agencies and their implementing partners.
Author : James M. Bailey,Paul F. Miller Publisher : Unknown Page : 0 pages File Size : 54,9 Mb Release : 2012 Category : Economic assistance, American ISBN : 1621008304
U.S. Assistance for the Palestinians by James M. Bailey,Paul F. Miller Pdf
U.S. aid to the Palestinians is intended to forward at least three major U.S. policy priorities of interest to Congress: 1) combating, neutralizing, and preventing terrorism against Israel from the Islamist group Hamas and other militant organizations; 2) creating a virtuous cycle of stability and prosperity in the West Bank that inclines Palestinians, including those in the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip, towards peaceful coexistence with Israel and prepares them for self-governance; and 3) meeting humanitarian needs and preventing further destabilization, particularly in the Gaza Strip. This book examines U.S. foreign aid to the Palestinians wherein because of congressional concerns that U.S. funds might be diverted to Palestinian terrorist groups, this aid is subject to a host of vetting and oversight requirements and legislative restrictions. (Imprint: Nova)
U. S. Security Assistance to the Palestinian Authority (PA) by Jim Zanotti Pdf
Contents: (1) Intro.; (2) Background and Overview: Oslo-Era Security Assistance; Backslides and Delays in Reform: 2000-2007; USSC/INL Mission: 2007-2010; Future Prospects; (3) PA Security Org.; (4) How U.S. Efforts are Coordinated: U.S. Training Assistance to PA Forces: Forces Being Trained; Trainee Recruitment and Vetting; Substance of Training; U.S. Equipment and Facilities Assistance; (5) Deployment of U.S.-Sponsored, JIPTC-Trained PA Forces: Jenin, Hebron, Qalqilya, and Other Key Areas; During the Gaza Conflict; Assessing the Impact of U.S. Assistance; (6) Criminal Justice Sector Reform: The ¿Jenin Pilot Program¿ and Other U.S. and Internat. Efforts; (7) The Road Ahead: Challenges and Obstacles; (8) Options for Congress
U. S. Foreign Assistance to the Middle East by Jeremy M. Sharp Pdf
An overview of U.S. foreign assistance to the Middle East (ME) from FY 2005-2009, and of the FY 2010 budget request. Includes a brief history of aid to the region, a review of foreign aid levels, a description of selected country programs, and an analysis of current foreign aid issues. U.S. aid policy has gradually evolved from a focus on preventing Soviet influence from gaining a foothold in the region and from maintaining a neutral stance in the Arab-Israeli conflict, to strengthening Israel¿s military and economy and using foreign aid as an incentive to foster peace agreements between countries in the region. After the U.S. withdrawal from South Vietnam, the ME as a whole began to receive more U.S. foreign aid than any other region of the world.
Author : James M. Bailey,Paul F. Miller Publisher : Unknown Page : 183 pages File Size : 42,7 Mb Release : 2012 Category : BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ISBN : 1621008800
United States Assistance for the Palestinians by James M. Bailey,Paul F. Miller Pdf
U.S. aid to the Palestinians is intended to forward at least three major U.S. policy priorities of interest to Congress: 1) combating, neutralizing, and preventing terrorism against Israel from the Islamist group Hamas and other militant organizations; 2) creating a virtuous cycle of stability and prosperity in the West Bank that inclines Palestinians, including those in the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip, towards peaceful coexistence with Israel and prepares them for self-governance; and 3) meeting humanitarian needs and preventing further destabilization, particularly in the Gaza Strip. This book examines U.S. foreign aid to the Palestinians wherein because of congressional concerns that U.S. funds might be diverted to Palestinian terrorist groups, this aid is subject to a host of vetting and oversight requirements and legislative restrictions.
Since Israel's founding in 1948, successive U.S. Presidents and many Members of Congress have demonstrated a commitment to Israel's security and to close U.S.-Israel cooperation. Strong bilateral ties influence U.S. policy in the Middle East, and Congress provides active oversight of the executive branch's actions. Israel is a leading recipient of U.S. foreign aid and a frequent purchaser of major U.S. weapons systems. The Palestinians are an Arab people whose origins are in present-day Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip. Congress pays close attention--through legislation and oversight--to the Palestinians' ongoing conflict with Israel. The current structure of Palestinian governing entities dates to 1994. In that year, Israel agreed with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) to permit a Palestinian Authority (PA) to exercise limited rule over Gaza and specified areas of the West Bank, subject to overarching Israeli military administration that dates back to the 1967 Arab-Israeli War.Israel's political impasse with the Palestinians continues. Israel has militarily occupied the West Bank since the 1967 Arab-Israeli war, with the PA exercising limited self-rule in some areas since the mid-1990s. The Trump Administration's recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital in December 2017 and its relocation of the U.S. embassy there in May 2018 were greeted warmly by Israel but rejected by Palestinians and many other international actors.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia Publisher : Unknown Page : 52 pages File Size : 45,9 Mb Release : 2011 Category : History ISBN : UCAL:B5581906
The U.S. provided $575 million in assistance to Palestinians in 2008. This assistance is provided through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the U.N. Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). The Dept. of State (State) oversees U.S. contributions to UNRWA. To help ensure that U.S. funds for these programs are not provided to individuals or entities engaged in terrorist activities, USAID and State must comply with restrictions under U.S. law. This report: (1) assesses the extent to which USAID has complied with its antiterrorism policies and procedures; and (2) assesses State's and UNRWA's policies and procedures to support conformance with U.S. statutory conditions. Illus.
Aid, Diplomacy and Facts on the Ground by Michael Keating,Anne Le More,Robert Lowe Pdf
This volume reviews the lessons that can be drawn from external funding for the Israeli-Palestinian peace and reconstruction process over the last decade. What are the implications —for Palestinians, Israelis, and international actors —of this experience in light of plans for Israeli withdrawal from the Gaza Strip? What are the realistic possibilities for a viable Palestinian state? What are the responsibilities, opportunities, and constraints for external actors?A major aspect of the last decade has been the three-way relationship between aid, diplomacy, and "facts on the ground" during one of the most difficult and frustrating periods in the history of the Middle East. This book offers analyses of the relationship between aid and diplomacy over this period and in particular the role that external assistance has played — and could now play —in supporting peace strategies.Aimed at senior policymakers, diplomats, donors, and academics involved in the peace and reconstruction process in the West Bank and Gaza, Aid, Diplomacy, and Facts on the Ground will also provide lessons for those involved in similar processes in other regions. Contributors include Yossi Alpher (Bitter Lemons), Geoffrey Aronson (Foundation for Middle East Peace), Christian Berger (External Relations Directorate General, EC), Rex Brynen (McGill University), Claude Bruderlein (Harvard University), Larry Garber (former USAID Mission Director, Jerusalem), Eyad El Sarraj (Gaza Community and Mental Health Hospital), Jeff Halper (Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions), Mustaq Khan (SOAS), Karma Nabulsi (Nuffield College, Oxford University), Harish Parvathaneni (UNRWA, Gaza), Nigel Roberts (World Bank, Jerusalem), Sarah Roy (Harvard University), Nader Said (Birzeit University), David Shearer (OCHA, Jerusalem), and Jimmy Weinblatt (Ben Gurion University).
