Understanding The Effects Of Agricultural R D Investments On Poverty And Undernourishment In Sub Saharan Africa A Causal Mediation Approach

Author : Benfica, Rui,Nin-Pratt, Alejandro
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2021-10-19
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Understanding the effects of agricultural R&D investments on poverty and undernourishment in sub-Saharan Africa: A causal mediation approach by Benfica, Rui,Nin-Pratt, Alejandro Pdf

This analysis explores the relationship between agricultural R&D investments and rural poverty reduction, and the prevalence of undernourishment in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It uses a panel data set of internationally comparable poverty dis-aggregated by urban and rural areas, country level undernourishment, and ASTI data on R&D investments and derived indicators. The study uses agricultural R&D knowledge stocks (KS) to account for the lagged effects of research through depreciation and gestation period of investments, and applies causal mediation analysis to assess the impact of KS on poverty and hunger and measure the relative contribution of KS-induced agricultural productivity growth on those outcomes. Evidence suggests that, while SSA growth in KS has been relatively slow, it helped reduce rural poverty and undernourishment – the percentage point reduction in rural extreme and moderate poverty of a 1% annual increase in KS is 0.218 and 0.146 percentage points per year, respectively. Mediation analysis indicates that a fifth of the KS effect on extreme rural poverty, and a quarter of the KS effect on moderate rural poverty, can be attributed to KS driven gains in agricultural labor productivity. Likewise, KS growth reduces undernourishment – a 1% annual increase in KS leads to a drop of 0.132 percentage points per year in the prevalence of undernourishment, with about 40% of that effect mediated through gains in agricultural land productivity. These results indicate that KS supports poverty and hunger reduction through benefits on-farm and beyond it. They also suggest that there is room for strengthening the role of R&D KS productivity enhancing innovations. Given the current low levels of investments in R&D and resulting KS, increasing its levels will be critical, but that alone is not sufficient. Policy makers will have to rethink the way the innovations from R&D get scaled up and pay attention to the necessary complementary policies and investments that enable a sustainable pathway leading to greater productivity growth and development impacts.

Author : Rui Benfica,Alejandro Nin
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1356305691

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Understanding the Effects of Agricultural R&D Investments on Poverty and Undernourishment in Sub-Saharan Africa by Rui Benfica,Alejandro Nin Pdf

Author : Mark W. Rosegrant,Sarah A. Cline,Weibo Li,Timothy B. Sulser,Rowena Valmonte-Santos
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 75 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2005-08-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780896296558

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Looking Ahead by Mark W. Rosegrant,Sarah A. Cline,Weibo Li,Timothy B. Sulser,Rowena Valmonte-Santos Pdf

References p. 52-59.

Author : Benfica, Rui
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2022-01-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Agricultural R&D investments and policy development goals in Sub-Saharan Africa: Assessing prioritization of value chains in Senegal by Benfica, Rui Pdf

This paper looks at the prioritization of agricultural value chains (VCs) for the allocation of R&D resources that maximize development outcomes (poverty, growth, jobs, and diets). Considering that growth in VCs affects those various outcomes differently, as expansion pathways result in the diverse use of production factors and inputs, trade-offs from linkages across sectors, and changes throughout the agri-food system, this analysis uses (i) the RIAPA dynamic computable general equilibrium model to identify which agricultural VCs, when expanded through TFP growth, provide the strongest effects on the development outcomes of interest; (ii) the perpetual inventory model (PIM) to represent the lagged effect of research through knowledge stocks of agricultural R&D investments; and (iii) information on the elasticities of VC agricultural activity TFP with respect to agricultural R&D knowledge stocks, to discuss the VC priority allocations of R&D resources in Senegal. Results indicate that no one VC (crop- or livestock-related) is the most effective at improving all development outcomes. When accounting for policy preferences that attribute relative priority weight to development objectives, results (based on a ranking scale) indicate that R&D investments for maximizing development objectives can be most effective in Senegal’s VCs for traditional export crops (growth, diets, jobs, and to some extent poverty), groundnuts (poverty, diets, and jobs), rice (poverty and jobs), poultry/eggs (diets and jobs), sorghum/millet (poverty and growth), and cattle (diets and growth). Other promising VCs with potential effects at scale if strategically targeted include vegetables (poverty, diets, and jobs), oilseeds (poverty and growth), and fruits (diets and jobs). While these results can inform strategies aimed at improving multiple development outcomes, future modeling needs to focus on deepening the standardization and integration of R&D investments costs into the framework, disentangle the relevance of different types of R&D investments sources, and bring together other factors and complementary agrifood system investment dimensions relevant to sustainable and inclusive agricultural VC growth.

Author : Luc J. Christiaensen,Lionel Demery,Jesper Khl
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Agriculture
ISBN : UCSD:31822034383083

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The Role of Agriculture in Poverty Reduction by Luc J. Christiaensen,Lionel Demery,Jesper Khl Pdf

The relative contribution of a sector to poverty reduction is shown to depend on its direct and indirect growth effects as well as its participation effect. The paper assesses how these effects compare between agriculture and non-agriculture by reviewing the literature and by analyzing cross-country national accounts and poverty data from household surveys. Special attention is given to Sub-Saharan Africa. While the direct growth effect of agriculture on poverty reduction is likely to be smaller than that of non-agriculture (though not because of inherently inferior productivity growth), the indirect growth effect of agriculture (through its linkages with nonagriculture) appears substantial and at least as large as the reverse feedback effect. The poor participate much more in growth in the agricultural sector, especially in low-income countries, resulting in much larger poverty reduction impact. Together, these findings support the overall premise that enhancing agricultural productivity is the critical entry-point in designing effective poverty reduction strategies, including in Sub-Saharan Africa. Yet, to maximize the poverty reducing effects, the right agricultural technology and investments must be pursued, underscoring the need for much more country specific analysis of the structure and institutional organization of the rural economy in designing poverty reduction strategies.

Author : International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 189 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2022-05-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780896294257

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2022 Global food policy report: Climate change and food systems by International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Pdf

Author : Luc Christiaensen
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1290703776

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The Role of Agriculture in Poverty Reduction - an Empirical Perspective by Luc Christiaensen Pdf

The relative contribution of a sector to poverty reduction is shown to depend on its direct and indirect growth effects as well as its participation effect. The paper assesses how these effects compare between agriculture and non-agriculture by reviewing the literature and by analyzing cross-country national accounts and poverty data from household surveys. Special attention is given to Sub-Saharan Africa. While the direct growth effect of agriculture on poverty reduction is likely to be smaller than that of non-agriculture (though not because of inherently inferior productivity growth), the indirect growth effect of agriculture (through its linkages with non-agriculture) appears substantial and at least as large as the reverse feedback effect. The poor participate much more in growth in the agricultural sector, especially in low-income countries, resulting in much larger poverty reduction impact. Together, these findings support the overall premise that enhancing agricultural productivity is the critical entry-point in designing effective poverty reduction strategies, including in Sub-Saharan Africa. Yet, to maximize the poverty reducing effects, the right agricultural technology and investments must be pursued, underscoring the need for much more country specific analysis of the structure and institutional organization of the rural economy in designing poverty reduction strategies.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2018-10-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789251089811

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From Evidence to Action by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

Cash transfers have become a key social protection tool in developing countries and have expanded dramatically in the last two decades. However, the impacts of cash transfers programmes, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, have not been substantially documented. This book presents a detailed overview of the impact evaluations of these programmes, carried out by the Transfer Project and FAO’s From Protection to Production project. The 14 chapters include a review of eight country case studies: Kenya, Ghana, Ethiopia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, as well as a description of the innovative research methodologies, political economy issues and good practices to design cash transfer programmes. The key objective of the book is to enhance the understanding of these development programmes, how they lead to a broad range of social and productive impacts and also of the role of programme evaluation in the process of developing policies and implementing programmes.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization
Publisher : United Nations
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2019-07-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789210043632

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The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019 by Food and Agriculture Organization Pdf

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World gives updates on the prevalence of undernourishment globally and the absolute number of undernourished, as well as the latest estimates for a number of global nutrition targets. This latest edition looks at the role of economic slowdowns and downturns in the rise of hunger and makes policy recommendations to safeguard food security and nutrition worldwide.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ,International Fund for Agricultural Development,World Food Programme,World Health Organization,The United Nations Children's Fund
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2020-07-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789251329016

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The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020 by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ,International Fund for Agricultural Development,World Food Programme,World Health Organization,The United Nations Children's Fund Pdf

Updates for many countries have made it possible to estimate hunger in the world with greater accuracy this year. In particular, newly accessible data enabled the revision of the entire series of undernourishment estimates for China back to 2000, resulting in a substantial downward shift of the series of the number of undernourished in the world. Nevertheless, the revision confirms the trend reported in past editions: the number of people affected by hunger globally has been slowly on the rise since 2014. The report also shows that the burden of malnutrition in all its forms continues to be a challenge. There has been some progress for child stunting, low birthweight and exclusive breastfeeding, but at a pace that is still too slow. Childhood overweight is not improving and adult obesity is on the rise in all regions. The report complements the usual assessment of food security and nutrition with projections of what the world may look like in 2030, if trends of the last decade continue. Projections show that the world is not on track to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030 and, despite some progress, most indicators are also not on track to meet global nutrition targets. The food security and nutritional status of the most vulnerable population groups is likely to deteriorate further due to the health and socio economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The report puts a spotlight on diet quality as a critical link between food security and nutrition. Meeting SDG 2 targets will only be possible if people have enough food to eat and if what they are eating is nutritious and affordable. The report also introduces new analysis of the cost and affordability of healthy diets around the world, by region and in different development contexts. It presents valuations of the health and climate-change costs associated with current food consumption patterns, as well as the potential cost savings if food consumption patterns were to shift towards healthy diets that include sustainability considerations. The report then concludes with a discussion of the policies and strategies to transform food systems to ensure affordable healthy diets, as part of the required efforts to end both hunger and all forms of malnutrition.

Author : World Bank;International Monetary Fund
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2014-10-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1464803366

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Global Monitoring Report 2014/2015 by World Bank;International Monetary Fund Pdf

The Global Monitoring Report 2014/2015: Ending Poverty and Sharing Prosperity was written jointly by the World Bank Group (WBG) and the International Monetary Fund, with substantive inputs from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. This year's report details, for the first time, progress toward the WBG's twin goals of ending extreme poverty by 2030 and promoting shared prosperity and assesses the state of policies and institutions that are important for achieving them. The report continues to monitor progress on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Also for the first time, the report includes information about high-income countries. It finds that while gaps in living standards have been closing in many countries, the well-being of households in the bottom 40 percent, as measured by the non-income MDGs such as access to education and health services, remains below that of households in the top 60 percent. The focus of this year's report is on three elements needed to make growth more inclusive and sustainable: investment in human capital that favors the poor, the best use of safety nets, and steps to ensure the environmental sustainability of economic growth. These three elements are imperative to all countries' development strategies, and are also fundamental to global efforts to achieve the twin goals, the MDGs, and the Sustainable Development Goals that will succeed the MDGs. Global Monitoring Report 2014/2015 was prepared in collaboration with regional development banks and other multilateral partners.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2018-09-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789251305720

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The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018 by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

New evidence this year corroborates the rise in world hunger observed in this report last year, sending a warning that more action is needed if we aspire to end world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. Updated estimates show the number of people who suffer from hunger has been growing over the past three years, returning to prevailing levels from almost a decade ago. Although progress continues to be made in reducing child stunting, over 22 percent of children under five years of age are still affected. Other forms of malnutrition are also growing: adult obesity continues to increase in countries irrespective of their income levels, and many countries are coping with multiple forms of malnutrition at the same time – overweight and obesity, as well as anaemia in women, and child stunting and wasting.

Author : Calestous Juma
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 355 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780190237233

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The New Harvest by Calestous Juma Pdf

African agriculture is currently at a crossroads, at which persistent food shortages are compounded by threats from climate change. But, as this book argues, Africa can feed itself in a generation and can help contribute to global food security. To achieve this Africa has to define agriculture as a force in economic growth by advancing scientific and technological research, investing in infrastructure, fostering higher technical training, and creating regional markets.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Australia
ISBN : 0195531914

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Our Common Future by Anonim Pdf

Author : Carlos Corvalán,Simon Hales,Anthony J. McMichael,Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (Program),World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 65 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789241563093

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Ecosystems and Human Well-being by Carlos Corvalán,Simon Hales,Anthony J. McMichael,Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (Program),World Health Organization Pdf

Approximately 60% of the benefits that the global ecosystem provides to support life on Earth (such as fresh water, clean air and a relatively stable climate) are being degraded or used unsustainably. In the report, scientists warn that harmful consequences of this degradation to human health are already being felt and could grow significantly worse over the next 50 years.