United States Reactions After The Raising Of The Berlin Wall

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United States' Reactions After the Raising of the Berlin Wall

Patrick Buck
United States Reactions After the Raising of the Berlin Wall Book PDF

Author : Patrick Buck
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3656449562

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United States' Reactions After the Raising of the Berlin Wall by Patrick Buck Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: USA, grade: 2, University of Wyoming (Political Science), course: Psychology of war and conflicts, language: English, abstract: The United States of America under President John F. Kennedy showed almost no military reaction after the raising of the Berlin Wall. They sent more troops together with Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson to West Berlin, but there was no intention to reopen the border. Instead the US Government tried to get into negotiations with the Soviet Union about the status of West Berlin. This decision avoided transforming the Cold War into a Hot War, but it also manifested the separation of East and West Germany and made the unification in the near future less likely. The decision helped to establish another socialist state in Europe and locked up 17 million Germans within the borders of East Germany. This paper will focus on the question why President Kennedy and his main advisers decided the way they did. Did they fear the military strength and the use of the Soviet nuclear arsenal? Or did they think they could reach better results by negotiating? Or did they just trade the eastern part of Germany against a secure status quo for West Berlin? Maybe the situation was seen more as a chance for stability than as a threat? The basic information for this research will come from the Digital National Security Archive. The original documents should show who gave information to President Kennedy and his advisers. Who were the talking heads during the decision-making process? Who had the most influence? Was it only an inner-American process or were other allies involved, too? An interesting question is, if there is a change between the evaluation of the situation before and after the raising of the Berlin Wall. So this research will compare some documents before and after the crisis.

United States’ reactions after the raising of the Berlin Wall

Patrick Buck
United States reactions after the raising of the Berlin Wall Book PDF

Author : Patrick Buck
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 20 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783656448815

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United States’ reactions after the raising of the Berlin Wall by Patrick Buck Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - Region: USA, grade: 2, University of Wyoming (Political Science), course: Psychology of war and conflicts, language: English, abstract: The United States of America under President John F. Kennedy showed almost no military reaction after the raising of the Berlin Wall. They sent more troops together with Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson to West Berlin, but there was no intention to reopen the border. Instead the US Government tried to get into negotiations with the Soviet Union about the status of West Berlin. This decision avoided transforming the Cold War into a Hot War, but it also manifested the separation of East and West Germany and made the unification in the near future less likely. The decision helped to establish another socialist state in Europe and locked up 17 million Germans within the borders of East Germany. This paper will focus on the question why President Kennedy and his main advisers decided the way they did. Did they fear the military strength and the use of the Soviet nuclear arsenal? Or did they think they could reach better results by negotiating? Or did they just trade the eastern part of Germany against a secure status quo for West Berlin? Maybe the situation was seen more as a chance for stability than as a threat? The basic information for this research will come from the Digital National Security Archive. The original documents should show who gave information to President Kennedy and his advisers. Who were the talking heads during the decision-making process? Who had the most influence? Was it only an inner-American process or were other allies involved, too? An interesting question is, if there is a change between the evaluation of the situation before and after the raising of the Berlin Wall. So this research will compare some documents before and after the crisis.

The Collapse

Mary Elise Sarotte
The Collapse Book PDF

Author : Mary Elise Sarotte
Publisher : Basic Books
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2014-10-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9780465056903

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The Collapse by Mary Elise Sarotte Pdf

On the night of November 9, 1989, massive crowds surged toward the Berlin Wall, drawn by an announcement that caught the world by surprise: East Germans could now move freely to the West. The Wall -- infamous symbol of divided Cold War Europe -- seemed to be falling. But the opening of the gates that night was not planned by the East German ruling regime -- nor was it the result of a bargain between either Ronald Reagan or George H.W. Bush and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. It was an accident. In The Collapse, prize-winning historian Mary Elise Sarotte reveals how a perfect storm of decisions made by daring underground revolutionaries, disgruntled Stasi officers, and dictatorial party bosses sparked an unexpected series of events culminating in the chaotic fall of the Wall. With a novelist's eye for character and detail, she brings to vivid life a story that sweeps across Budapest, Prague, Dresden, and Leipzig and up to the armed checkpoints in Berlin. We meet the revolutionaries Roland Jahn, Aram Radomski, and Siggi Schefke, risking it all to smuggle the truth across the Iron Curtain; the hapless Politburo member GüSchabowski, mistakenly suggesting that the Wall is open to a press conference full of foreign journalists, including NBC's Tom Brokaw; and Stasi officer Harald Jär, holding the fort at the crucial border crossing that night. Soon, Brokaw starts broadcasting live from Berlin's Brandenburg Gate, where the crowds are exulting in the euphoria of newfound freedom -- and the dictators are plotting to restore control. Drawing on new archival sources and dozens of interviews, The Collapse offers the definitive account of the night that brought down the Berlin Wall.

Checkpoint Charlie

Iain MacGregor
Checkpoint Charlie Book PDF

Author : Iain MacGregor
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2019-11-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9781982100056

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Checkpoint Charlie by Iain MacGregor Pdf

A “constantly captivating…well-researched and often moving” (The Wall Street Journal) history of Checkpoint Charlie, the famous military gate on the border of East and West Berlin where the United States confronted the USSR during the Cold War. In the early 1960s, East Germany committed a billion dollars to the creation of the Berlin Wall, an eleven-foot-high barrier that consisted of seventy-nine miles of fencing, 300 watchtowers, 250 guard dog runs, twenty bunkers, and was operated around the clock by guards who shot to kill. Over the next twenty-eight years, at least five thousand people attempt to smash through it, swim across it, tunnel under it, or fly over it. In 1989, the East German leadership buckled in the face of a civil revolt that culminated in half a million East Berliners demanding an end to the ban on free movement. The world’s media flocked to capture the moment which, perhaps more than any other, signaled the end of the Cold War. Checkpoint Charlie had been the epicenter of global conflict for nearly three decades. Now, “in capturing the essence of the old Cold War [MacGregor] may just have helped us to understand a bit more about the new one” (The Times, London)—the mistrust, oppression, paranoia, and fear that gripped the world throughout this period. Checkpoint Charlie is about the nerve-wracking confrontation between the West and USSR, highlighting such important global figures as Eisenhower, Stalin, JFK, Nikita Khrushchev, Mao Zedung, Nixon, Reagan, and other politicians of the period. He also includes never-before-heard interviews with the men who built and dismantled the Wall; children who crossed it; relatives and friends who lost loved ones trying to escape over it; military policemen and soldiers who guarded the checkpoints; CIA, MI6, and Stasi operatives who oversaw operations across its borders; politicians whose ambitions shaped it; journalists who recorded its story; and many more whose living memories contributed to the full story of Checkpoint Charlie.

Tear Down this Wall

Ronald Reagan
Tear Down this Wall Book PDF

Author : Ronald Reagan
Publisher : A&C Black
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0826416950

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Tear Down this Wall by Ronald Reagan Pdf

This book is a unique and substantive tribute to Ronald Reagan, one of the most important figures in U.S. and world history. It includes Reagan’s most trenchant speeches as President (Evil Empire, Tear down this Wall, remarks commemorating the fortieth anniversary of the Normandy Invasion, his farewell to the nation on leaving the Presidency); essential speeches delivered before holding the Office of President (Rendezvous with Destiny); all-but-impossible-to-find policy articles written by Reagan for National Review; and words of praise – old as well as new following Reagan’s death – from William F. Buckley Jr., Margaret Thatcher, Robert Bork, Paul Johnson, Edwin Meese III, Tom Wolfe, and others.

Tunnel 29

Helena Merriman
Tunnel 29 Book PDF

Author : Helena Merriman
Publisher : PublicAffairs
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2021-08-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9781541788824

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Tunnel 29 by Helena Merriman Pdf

He escaped from one of the world’s most brutal regimes.Then, he decided to tunnel back in. In the summer of 1962, a young student named Joachim Rudolph dug a tunnel under the Berlin Wall. Waiting on the other side in East Berlin were dozens of men, women, and children—all willing to risk everything to escape. From the award-winning creator of the acclaimed BBC Radio 4 podcast, Tunnel 29 is the true story of this most remarkable Cold War rescue mission. Drawing on interviews with the survivors and Stasi files, Helena Merriman brilliantly reveals the stranger-than-fiction story of the ingenious group of student-diggers, the glamorous red-haired messenger, the Stasi spy who threatened the whole enterprise, and the love story that became its surprising epilogue. Tunnel 29 was also the first made-for-TV event of its kind; it was funded by NBC, who wanted to film an escape in real time. Their documentary—which was nearly blocked from airing by the Kennedy administration, which wanted to control the media during the Cold War—revolutionized TV journalism. Ultimately, Tunnel 29 is a success story about freedom: the valiant citizens risking everything to win it back, and the larger world rooting for them to triumph.

The Marshall Plan

Benn Steil
The Marshall Plan Book PDF

Author : Benn Steil
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 624 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2018-02-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9781501102394

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The Marshall Plan by Benn Steil Pdf

Winner of the 2018 American Academy of Diplomacy Douglas Dillon Award Shortlisted for the 2018 Duff Cooper Prize in Literary Nonfiction “[A] brilliant book…by far the best study yet” (Paul Kennedy, The Wall Street Journal) of the gripping history behind the Marshall Plan and its long-lasting influence on our world. In the wake of World War II, with Britain’s empire collapsing and Stalin’s on the rise, US officials under new Secretary of State George C. Marshall set out to reconstruct western Europe as a bulwark against communist authoritarianism. Their massive, costly, and ambitious undertaking would confront Europeans and Americans alike with a vision at odds with their history and self-conceptions. In the process, they would drive the creation of NATO, the European Union, and a Western identity that continue to shape world events. Benn Steil’s “thoroughly researched and well-written account” (USA TODAY) tells the story behind the birth of the Cold War, told with verve, insight, and resonance for today. Focusing on the critical years 1947 to 1949, Benn Steil’s gripping narrative takes us through the seminal episodes marking the collapse of postwar US-Soviet relations—the Prague coup, the Berlin blockade, and the division of Germany. In each case, Stalin’s determination to crush the Marshall Plan and undermine American power in Europe is vividly portrayed. Bringing to bear fascinating new material from American, Russian, German, and other European archives, Steil’s account will forever change how we see the Marshall Plan. “Trenchant and timely…an ambitious, deeply researched narrative that…provides a fresh perspective on the coming Cold War” (The New York Times Book Review), The Marshall Plan is a polished and masterly work of historical narrative. An instant classic of Cold War literature, it “is a gripping, complex, and critically important story that is told with clarity and precision” (The Christian Science Monitor).

Driving the Soviets up the Wall

Hope M. Harrison
Driving the Soviets up the Wall Book PDF

Author : Hope M. Harrison
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2011-06-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781400840724

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Driving the Soviets up the Wall by Hope M. Harrison Pdf

The Berlin Wall was the symbol of the Cold War. For the first time, this path-breaking book tells the behind-the-scenes story of the communists' decision to build the Wall in 1961. Hope Harrison's use of archival sources from the former East German and Soviet regimes is unrivalled, and from these sources she builds a highly original and provocative argument: the East Germans pushed the reluctant Soviets into building the Berlin Wall. This fascinating work portrays the different approaches favored by the East Germans and the Soviets to stop the exodus of refugees to West Germany. In the wake of Stalin's death in 1953, the Soviets refused the East German request to close their border to West Berlin. The Kremlin rulers told the hard-line East German leaders to solve their refugee problem not by closing the border, but by alleviating their domestic and foreign problems. The book describes how, over the next seven years, the East German regime managed to resist Soviet pressures for liberalization and instead pressured the Soviets into allowing them to build the Berlin Wall. Driving the Soviets Up the Wall forces us to view this critical juncture in the Cold War in a different light. Harrison's work makes us rethink the nature of relations between countries of the Soviet bloc even at the height of the Cold War, while also contributing to ongoing debates over the capacity of weaker states to influence their stronger allies.

Masterpieces of History

Svetlana Savranskaya,Thomas S. Blanton,Vladislav Zubok
Masterpieces of History Book PDF

Author : Svetlana Savranskaya,Thomas S. Blanton,Vladislav Zubok
Publisher : Central European University Press
Page : 783 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2010-05-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9786155211881

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Masterpieces of History by Svetlana Savranskaya,Thomas S. Blanton,Vladislav Zubok Pdf

Twenty years in the making, this collection presents 122 top-level Soviet, European and American records on the superpowers' role in the annus mirabilis of 1989. Consisting of Politburo minutes; diary entries from Gorbachev's senior aide, Anatoly Chernyaev; meeting notes and private communications of Gorbachev with George H.W. Bush, Margaret Thatcher, Helmut Kohl and François Mitterrand; and high-level CIA analyses, this volume offers a rare insider's look at the historic, world-transforming events that culminated in the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War. Most of these records have never been published before.

The Cold War: a Very Short Introduction

Robert J. McMahon
The Cold War a Very Short Introduction Book PDF

Author : Robert J. McMahon
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2021-02-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9780198859543

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The Cold War: a Very Short Introduction by Robert J. McMahon Pdf

Vividly written and based on up-to-date scholarship, this title provides an interpretive overview of the international history of the Cold War.

Reagan and Gorbachev

Jack Matlock
Reagan and Gorbachev Book PDF

Author : Jack Matlock
Publisher : Random House Trade Paperbacks
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2005-11-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9780812974898

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Reagan and Gorbachev by Jack Matlock Pdf

“[Matlock’s] account of Reagan’s achievement as the nation’s diplomat in chief is a public service.”—The New York Times Book Review “Engrossing . . . authoritative . . . a detailed and reliable narrative that future historians will be able to draw on to illuminate one of the most dramatic periods in modern history.”—Los Angeles Times Book Review In Reagan and Gorbachev, Jack F. Matlock, Jr., a former U.S. ambassador to the U.S.S.R. and principal adviser to Ronald Reagan on Soviet and European affairs, gives an eyewitness account of how the Cold War ended. Working from his own papers, recent interviews with major figures, and unparalleled access to the best and latest sources, Matlock offers an insider’s perspective on a diplomatic campaign far more sophisticated than previously thought, waged by two leaders of surpassing vision. Matlock details how Reagan privately pursued improved U.S.-U.S.S.R. relations even while engaging in public saber rattling. When Gorbachev assumed leadership, however, Reagan and his advisers found a willing partner in peace. Matlock shows how both leaders took risks that yielded great rewards and offers unprecedented insight into the often cordial working relationship between Reagan and Gorbachev. Both epic and intimate, Reagan and Gorbachev will be the standard reference on the end of the Cold War, a work that is critical to our understanding of the present and the past.

After the Berlin Wall

Hope M. Harrison
After the Berlin Wall Book PDF

Author : Hope M. Harrison
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 483 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2019-09-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107049314

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After the Berlin Wall by Hope M. Harrison Pdf

A revelatory history of the commemoration of the Berlin Wall and its significance in defining contemporary German national identity.

Canada and the Cold War

Reginald Whitaker,Steve Hewitt
Canada and the Cold War Book PDF

Author : Reginald Whitaker,Steve Hewitt
Publisher : Lorimer
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2003-10-19
Category : History
ISBN : STANFORD:36105121541945

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Canada and the Cold War by Reginald Whitaker,Steve Hewitt Pdf

Canada and the Cold War is a fascinating historical overview of a key period in Canadian history. The focus is on how Canada and Canadians responded to the Soviet Union -- and to America's demands on its northern neighbour.

1989

Mary Elise Sarotte
1989 Book PDF

Author : Mary Elise Sarotte
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 371 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2014-10-19
Category : History
ISBN : 9781400852307

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1989 by Mary Elise Sarotte Pdf

How the political events of 1989 shaped Europe after the Cold War 1989 explores the momentous events following the fall of the Berlin Wall and the effects they have had on our world ever since. Based on documents, interviews, and television broadcasts from Washington, London, Paris, Bonn, Berlin, Warsaw, Moscow, and a dozen other locations, 1989 describes how Germany unified, NATO expansion began, and Russia got left on the periphery of the new Europe. This updated edition contains a new afterword with the most recent evidence on the 1990 origins of NATO's post-Cold War expansion.

The Walls between Conflict and Peace

Anonim
The Walls between Conflict and Peace Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2016-11-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789004272859

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The Walls between Conflict and Peace by Anonim Pdf

The Walls between Conflict and Peace analyses political and social walls, their formation, their evolution into borders, and their possible disappearance as a result of reconciliation and cooperation. These processes are observed in ten practical cases.