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Unlocking the Water Potential of Agriculture by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf
All statistical evidence confirms that agriculture is the key sector for water management, now and in the next decades. Nevertheless, the rural water development sector fails at present to get priority, compared to other competing sectors, in international fora. Strong and new arguments are needed to bring rural water back "on line." Agriculture policies and investments will need to become more strategic. They will have to unlock the potential of agricultural water management practices to raise productivity, spread equitable access to water, and conserve the natural productivity of water resources base.
Unlocking the potential of protected agriculture in the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council - Saving water and improving nutrition by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf
The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is a political and economic union of Arab states, namely Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the Unites Arab Emirates. The GCC was formed in 1981 to strengthen the members’ economic, social and political ties by harmonizing regulations in various fields including economy, finance, trade and customs. The region extends over a territory of 2 673 108 km2 and is home to about 50 million people. The common denominators of the GCC countries are limited natural fertile land, scarce water resources and harsh climate. Depending on the country, the agriculture sector may use as much as 75 percent of the national available water resources. This has enormous environmental costs and significantly affects the sustainability of overall development in the Arabian Peninsula.According to Al-Rashed and Sherif (2000), the lack of renewable water resources is one of the critical constraints to sustainable development in the GCC countries. Rainfall in the Arabian Peninsula is scarce and infrequent. Over-exploitation of fossil groundwater resources, mostly to meet irrigation demands and create greenery lands, has already affected the productivity of aquifers, both quantitatively and qualitatively, despite the fact that much of the freshwater demand in the GCC countries is already covered using desalinated water. Reducing water consumption and increasing water efficiency are essential to enhancing agriculture and moving towards increased self-sufficiency with the production of high-quality, safe and diversified foods in the GCC countries. Exploiting the full potential of protected agriculture should save significant amounts of water, which can be used not only for agriculture but for other needs as well.
Rainfed Agriculture by Suhas Pralhad Wani,Johan Rockström,Theib Yousef Oweis Pdf
This book, which contains 14 chapters, covers all aspects of rainfed agriculture, starting with its potential, current status, rainwater harvesting and supplementary irrigation, to policies, approaches, institutions for upscaling, and impacts of integrated water management programmes in rainfed areas.
D. R. Coote,L. J. Gregorich,Canada. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Research Branch
Author : D. R. Coote,L. J. Gregorich,Canada. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Research Branch Publisher : Research Branch Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Page : 198 pages File Size : 49,5 Mb Release : 2000 Category : Agriculture ISBN : UCLA:L0081538902
The Health of Our Water by D. R. Coote,L. J. Gregorich,Canada. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Research Branch Pdf
Using a variety of research findings and case studies, this publication provides a broad picture of water quality and quantity in Canada as they are affected by agriculture and as they affect agriculture itself. The first part contains background on the water cycle, water supplies in Canada, agriculture & other rural uses of water, and issues related to water quality. The second part describes what is currently known about the health of Canada's rural surface water and groundwater, and the implications for natural ecosystems. The third part describes responses to the various issues of water quality & quantity, citing farming practices and regulatory tools, among other measures. The final part discusses how the growth of agriculture may be limited by issues related to water and how the future might proceed. Includes glossary.
Innovative approaches to agricultural water use for improving food security in Sub- Saharan Africa by A. Inocencio,H. Sally,D. J. Merrey Pdf
This paper provides an overview of innovative options for developing and using water for food production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in light of the growing scarcity and competition for water resources. These options include rainwater harvesting, selective development of wetlands for agriculture, exploitation of shallow groundwater, and recycling urban waste. The options are largely based on low-cost individualized technologies, which lend themselves to private-sector promotion.Water-demand management approaches are also discussed.
Key Concepts in Water Resource Management by Jonathan Lautze Pdf
The vocabulary and discourse of water resource management have expanded vastly in recent years to include an array of new concepts and terminology, such as water security, water productivity, virtual water and water governance. While the new conceptual lenses may generate insights that improve responses to the world’s water challenges, their practical use is often encumbered by ambiguity and confusion. This book applies critical scrutiny to a prominent set of new but widely used terms, in order to clarify their meanings and improve the basis on which we identify and tackle the world’s water challenges. More specifically, the book takes stock of what several of the more prominent new terms mean, reviews variation in interpretation, explores how they are measured, and discusses their respective added value. It makes many implicit differences between terms explicit and aids understanding and use of these terms by both students and professionals. At the same time, it does not ignore the legitimately contested nature of some concepts. Further, the book enables greater precision on the interpretational options for the various terms, and for the value that they add to water policy and its implementation.
Unlocking the potential of farmer-led irrigation development in central and northern Nigeria: What does it take? by Xie, Hua,Schmitter, Petra,Obayelu, A. E.,Kato, Edward,Balana, Bedru,Ringler, Claudia Pdf
The potential for profitable groundwater irrigated area development in Nigeria is 5.04 million hectares (ha), almost all of it located in the country’s central and northern states. To develop this vast area, granular water budgets, financial service provision and support to grow sustainability of production will be needed. Increasing temperature, erratic rainfall, and other extreme events, such as floods and droughts, pose severe threats to development in Nigeria, and particularly in central and northern Nigeria where rainfall is limited, natural resources are threatened by degradation and agriculture, including livestock production, is the major economic driver. Climate change has significant adverse impacts on agricultural production and livelihoods, making the regions’ poor and disadvantaged people even more vulnerable. Agricultural productivity is already affected by climate extreme events and further land expansion would increase degradation and deforestation. At the same time, the central and northern regions of the country are blessed with substantial underground water resources that have been barely tapped. At this point, the potential of farmer-led irrigation, a system where farmers acquire the irrigation technology and access to a water source themselves, is barely exploited. What role could farmer-led, small-scale irrigation play in growing agricultural productivity, rural employment and incomes, and reducing climate stress? And what mechanisms are needed to make this happen?
Biosafety Measures, Technology Risks and the World Trade Organization by Alessandra Guida Pdf
This book examines the work of the World Trade Organization (WTO), with a focus on the capacity of its judiciary to strike a reasoned balance between free trade in biotechnology and biosafety as to promote the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals. By adopting an innovative interpretation of the precautionary principle and proportionality analysis, the work offers normative suggestions to develop what the author terms “a constructive bridge of knowledge” between decision-makers, scientists, social experts and expert witnesses, which can support a judicial balance by design rather than by chance. Biotechnology is sometimes regarded as a panacea for modern-day challenges, such as feeding a growing world population and counteracting climate-change problems, and a means of offering significant economic opportunities. However, biotechnology can present uncertain, though serious, risks to human health and the environment (i.e., biosafety). Trading biotech products magnifies these risks and benefits globally. This book explores the topical, though still underexplored, question of how to find a point of equilibrium between the revolutionary advancement offered by technology and the need to safeguard biosafety from uncertain, though potentially irreversible, technology risks. It offers a thorough analysis of normative, judicial and epistemic issues hindering a reasoned balance between trade and non-trade interests under the WTO. The work offers practical relevance for the resolution of legal disputes in contexts of uncertainty, as well as innovative theoretical contributions. It will be a valuable resource for policymakers working on precautionary governance and management, scholars in the areas of trade law, human rights law and environmental law, law students and practitioners, as well as NGOs working in the field of new technologies, biosafety, sustainability and food safety.
Management of Water Resources in Agriculture by U S Sree Ramulu Pdf
Rapid Industrialisation Coupled With Population Explosion Has Resulted In Greater Urbanisation. Because Of These, The Water That Was Available For Agriculture Is Now Being Shared By Various Sectors. This Has Resulted In A Gradual Decline In Per Capita Land And Water Availability. At The Same Time The Need To Increase The Food Production To Feed The Increasing Population Is Being Increasingly Felt. Mismanagement Of Available Water Has Added One More Dimension To This Problem Resulting In Development Of Problem Soils, Thus Causing Reduction In The Production Per Unit Quantity Of Water. Hence It Has Become Absolutely Necessary To Use The Available Water Resources In Such A Manner As To Get The Maximum Returns Per Unit Quantity Of Water. At Present No Book Covers The Multifaceted Nature Of This Problem. Hence In This Book All Aspects Like Methods Of Irrigation, Measurement Of Water, Quality Of Waters, Water Requirements Of Crops, Scheduling Of Irrigation, Water Budgeting, Irrigation Efficiency, Drainage, Recycling, Agronomy, Soil Science, Crop Physiological Aspects Of Irrigation System, Etc. Have Been Covered. A Separate Section Of Constraints And Weakness In The Current Water Management Practices Is Also Included In This Book.This Book Will Be Of Great Help To The Administrators Dealing With Water Management, Water Technologists, Scholars And Farmers Who Are Taking Steps To Maximise The Benefits Of The Available Water Resources On The Scientific Basis To Get The Higher Productivity Of Water.
Economic Valuation of Water Resources in Agriculture by R. Kerry Turner Pdf
The purpose of this report is to produce a review on water resource valuation issues and techniques specifically for the appraisal and negotiation of raw (as opposed to bulk or retail) water resource allocation for agricultural development projects. The review considers raw water in naturally occurring watercourses, lakes, wetlands, soil and aquifers, taking an ecosystem function perspective at a catchment scale, and takes account of the demands from irrigated and rainfed agriculture. It is hoped that the review will have particular application to developing countries where agreed methods for reconciling competing uses are often absent, but nevertheless takes account of valuation approaches that have been made in post industrial economies.
Giordano, Meredith,Turral, H.,Scheierling, S. M.,Treguer, D. O.,McCornick, Peter G.
Author : Giordano, Meredith,Turral, H.,Scheierling, S. M.,Treguer, D. O.,McCornick, Peter G. Publisher : Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) Washington, DC, USA: The World Bank Page : 58 pages File Size : 41,9 Mb Release : 2017-06-01 Category : Technology & Engineering ISBN : 9789290908487
Policy guide to improve water productivity in small-scale agriculture by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf
In developing countries, further progress of irrigation is essential for increasing food security and farmers’ income. However, developing small-scale schemes remains a challenge due to multiple factors that must be taken into consideration, such as diversity of small-scale schemes, a large number of water users, social disharmony over the water use, varying water demands of multi-cropping systems, heterogeneity of equipment over the scheme. Furthermore, on-farm irrigation development has a major role in enhancing Agricultural Water Management (AWM). The previous development methods considered the improvement of single-factor productivity, but agriculture is undergoing a global shift from the single objective of outputs (such as yield or net income) to multiple objectives of increasing outputs while conserving natural resources. Many pathways towards enhancement of Water Productivity (WP) are directly related to improving overall farm agronomic management (irrigation, fertilization, plant density, plant protection, etc.), while external measures must be applied to ensure sustainability of introduced good practices (lack of input markets, scarce knowledge, poor infrastructures, water regulations, etc.). Thus introducing irrigation practices to farmers must undergo a step-wise process to ensure that costs do not outweigh achievable benefits, and both institutional and technical environment are capable to sustain results. This is the case in smallholders’ schemes, where farmers are poorly resourced. In order to address these issues, the current policy guide presents a combined methodology, which involves practical experiences drawn from FAO work in the three countries as well as researchers’ results to line up a set of feasible measures to improving WP.
Making climate-sensitive investments in agriculture by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf
Climate change is a major challenge for agriculture, a vital source of food, income and employment for most of the world’s poor. Agricultural investments, as a result, need to become more climate sensitive. This is as true for general agricultural investments focused on development outcomes as for projects specifically addressing climate change adaptation and mitigation. This comprehensive knowledge product provides investment practitioners with practical reference material on integrating climate risk considerations at all stages of the investment project cycle, from design to implementation, monitoring and evaluation. Produced by multidisciplinary teams across FAO, the knowledge product is organized as a compendium of modules and thematic sections. It builds on a 2012 FAO guidance document and draws on the most recent information and data sources, including the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports. It also showcases FAO-developed tools, tested approaches and selected experiences, and discusses climate financing opportunities for agriculture.
