Unmanned Aircraft Systems Uas In The Cyber Domain Protecting Usa S Advanced Air Assets

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Unmanned Aircraft Systems (Uas) in the Cyber Domain: Protecting Usa's Advanced Air Assets

Author : Julie J. C. H. Ryan,Hans C. Mumm,Wayne D. Lonstein Esq
Publisher : Independently Published
Page : 430 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2018-09-14
Category : Computers
ISBN : 1724077066

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Unmanned Aircraft Systems (Uas) in the Cyber Domain: Protecting Usa's Advanced Air Assets by Julie J. C. H. Ryan,Hans C. Mumm,Wayne D. Lonstein Esq Pdf

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are an integral part of the US national critical infrastructure. They must be protected from hostile intent or use to the same level as any other military or commercial asset involved in US national security. However, from the Spratly Islands to Djibouti to heartland America, the expanding Chinese Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS / Drone) industry has outpaced the US technologically and numerically on all fronts: military, commercial, and recreational. Both countries found that there were large information security gaps in unmanned systems that could be exploited on the international cyber-security stage. Many of those gaps remain today and are direct threats to US advanced Air Assets if not mitigated upfront by UAS designers and manufacturers. The authors contend that US military / commercial developers of UAS hardware and software must perform cyber risk assessments and mitigations prior to delivery of UAS systems to stay internationally competitive and secure. The authors have endeavored to bring a breadth and quality of information to the reader that is unparalleled in the unclassified sphere. This book will fully immerse and engage the reader in the cyber-security considerations of this rapidly emerging technology that we know as unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Topics covered include National Airspace (NAS) policy issues, information security, UAS vulnerabilities in key systems (Sense and Avoid / SCADA), collision avoidance systems, stealth design, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) platforms; weapons systems security; electronic warfare considerations; data-links, jamming operational vulnerabilities and still-emerging political scenarios that affect US military / commercial decisions.

Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the Cyber Domain

Author : Randall Nichols,Hans Mumm,Wayne Lonstein,Julie Ryan,Candice Carter,John Paul Hood
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2019-07-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1944548238

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Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the Cyber Domain by Randall Nichols,Hans Mumm,Wayne Lonstein,Julie Ryan,Candice Carter,John Paul Hood Pdf

Unmanned Aircraft Systems are an integral part of the US national critical infrastructure. The authors have endeavored to bring a breadth and quality of information to the reader that is unparalleled in the unclassified sphere. This textbook will fully immerse and engage the reader / student in the cyber-security considerations of this rapidly emerging technology that we know as unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). The first edition topics covered National Airspace (NAS) policy issues, information security (INFOSEC), UAS vulnerabilities in key systems (Sense and Avoid / SCADA), navigation and collision avoidance systems, stealth design, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) platforms; weapons systems security; electronic warfare considerations; data-links, jamming, operational vulnerabilities and still-emerging political scenarios that affect US military / commercial decisions.This second edition discusses state-of-the-art technology issues facing US UAS designers. It focuses on counter unmanned aircraft systems (C-UAS) - especially research designed to mitigate and terminate threats by SWARMS. Topics include high-altitude platforms (HAPS) for wireless communications; C-UAS and large scale threats; acoustic countermeasures against SWARMS and building an Identify Friend or Foe (IFF) acoustic library; updates to the legal / regulatory landscape; UAS proliferation along the Chinese New Silk Road Sea / Land routes; and ethics in this new age of autonomous systems and artificial intelligence (AI).

Introduction to Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Author : R. Kurt Barnhart,Douglas M. Marshall,Eric Shappee
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 581 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2021-03-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000326864

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Introduction to Unmanned Aircraft Systems by R. Kurt Barnhart,Douglas M. Marshall,Eric Shappee Pdf

Introduction to Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Third Edition surveys the basics of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), from sensors, controls, and automation to regulations, safety procedures, and human factors. Featuring chapters by leading experts, this fully updated bestseller fills the need for an accessible and effective university textbook. Focussing on the civilian applications of UAS, the text begins with an historical overview of unmanned aerial vehicles, and proceeds to examine each major UAS subsystem. Its combination of understandable technical coverage and up-to-date information on policy and regulation makes the text appropriate for both Aerospace Engineering and Aviation programs.

Unmanned Vehicle Systems & Operations on Air, Sea, Land

Author : Randall Nichols,Hans Mumm,Wayne Lonstein,Julie Ryan,Candice Carter,John-Paul Hood,Jeremy Shay,Randall Mai,Mark Jackson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2020-10-02
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1944548319

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Unmanned Vehicle Systems & Operations on Air, Sea, Land by Randall Nichols,Hans Mumm,Wayne Lonstein,Julie Ryan,Candice Carter,John-Paul Hood,Jeremy Shay,Randall Mai,Mark Jackson Pdf

Unmanned Vehicle Systems & Operations On Air, Sea, Land is our fourth textbook in a series covering the world of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) and Counter Unmanned Aircraft Systems (CUAS). (Nichols R. K., 2018) (Nichols R. K., et al., 2019) (Nichols R. , et al., 2020)The authors have expanded their purview beyond UAS / CUAS systems. Our title shows our concern for growth and unique cyber security unmanned vehicle technology and operations for unmanned vehicles in all theaters: Air, Sea and Land - especially maritime cybersecurity and China proliferation issues. Topics include: Information Advances, Remote ID, and Extreme Persistence ISR; Unmanned Aerial Vehicles & How They Can Augment Mesonet Weather Tower Data Collection; Tour de Drones for the Discerning Palate; Underwater Autonomous Navigation & other UUV Advances; Autonomous Maritime Asymmetric Systems; UUV Integrated Autonomous Missions & Drone Management; Principles of Naval Architecture Applied to UUV's; Unmanned Logistics Operating Safely and Efficiently Across Multiple Domains; Chinese Advances in Stealth UAV Penetration Path Planning in Combat Environment; UAS, the Fourth Amendment and Privacy; UV & Disinformation / Misinformation Channels; Chinese UAS Proliferation along New Silk Road Sea / Land Routes; Automaton, AI, Law, Ethics, Crossing the Machine - Human Barrier and Maritime Cybersecurity.Unmanned Vehicle Systems are an integral part of the US national critical infrastructure The authors have endeavored to bring a breadth and quality of information to the reader that is unparalleled in the unclassified sphere. Unmanned Vehicle (UV) Systems & Operations On Air, Sea, Land discusses state-of-the-art technology issues facing U.S. UV system researchers / designers / manufacturers / testers. We trust our newest look at Unmanned Vehicles in Air, Sea, and Land will enrich our students and readers understanding of the purview of this wonderful technology we call UV.

Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience

Author : Dimitris Gritzalis,Marianthi Theocharidou,George Stergiopoulos
Publisher : Springer
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2019-01-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783030000240

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Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience by Dimitris Gritzalis,Marianthi Theocharidou,George Stergiopoulos Pdf

This book presents the latest trends in attacks and protection methods of Critical Infrastructures. It describes original research models and applied solutions for protecting major emerging threats in Critical Infrastructures and their underlying networks. It presents a number of emerging endeavors, from newly adopted technical expertise in industrial security to efficient modeling and implementation of attacks and relevant security measures in industrial control systems; including advancements in hardware and services security, interdependency networks, risk analysis, and control systems security along with their underlying protocols. Novel attacks against Critical Infrastructures (CI) demand novel security solutions. Simply adding more of what is done already (e.g. more thorough risk assessments, more expensive Intrusion Prevention/Detection Systems, more efficient firewalls, etc.) is simply not enough against threats and attacks that seem to have evolved beyond modern analyses and protection methods. The knowledge presented here will help Critical Infrastructure authorities, security officers, Industrial Control Systems (ICS) personnel and relevant researchers to (i) get acquainted with advancements in the field, (ii) integrate security research into their industrial or research work, (iii) evolve current practices in modeling and analyzing Critical Infrastructures, and (iv) moderate potential crises and emergencies influencing or emerging from Critical Infrastructures.

Advances in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Author : Kimon P. Valavanis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 544 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2008-02-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781402061141

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Advances in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles by Kimon P. Valavanis Pdf

The past decade has seen tremendous interest in the production and refinement of unmanned aerial vehicles, both fixed-wing, such as airplanes and rotary-wing, such as helicopters and vertical takeoff and landing vehicles. This book provides a diversified survey of research and development on small and miniature unmanned aerial vehicles of both fixed and rotary wing designs. From historical background to proposed new applications, this is the most comprehensive reference yet.

Counter-Unmanned Aircraft System (CUAS) Capability for Battalion-and-Below Operations

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Army Science and Technology,Committee on Counter-Unmanned Aircraft System (CUAS) Capability for Battalion-and-Below Operations
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2018-03-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309458160

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Counter-Unmanned Aircraft System (CUAS) Capability for Battalion-and-Below Operations by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Army Science and Technology,Committee on Counter-Unmanned Aircraft System (CUAS) Capability for Battalion-and-Below Operations Pdf

The development of inexpensive small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) technologies and the growing desire of hobbyists to have more and more capability have created a sustained sUAS industry, however these capabilities are directly enabling the ability of adversaries to threaten U.S. interests. In response to these threats, the U.S. Army and other Department of Defense (DoD) organizations have invested significantly in counter-sUAS technologies, often focusing on detecting radio frequency transmissions by sUASs and/or their operators, and jamming the radio frequency command and control links and Global Positioning System signals of individual sUASs. However, today's consumer and customized sUASs can increasingly operate without radio frequency command and control links by using automated target recognition and tracking, obstacle avoidance, and other software-enabled capabilities. The U.S. Army tasked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to conduct a study to address the above concerns. In particular, the committee was asked to assess the sUAS threat, particularly when massed and collaborating; assess current capabilities of battalion-and- below infantry units to counter sUASs; identify counter-sUAS technologies appropriate for near- term, mid-term, and far-term science and technology investment; consider human factors and logistics; and determine if the Department of Homeland Security could benefit from DoD efforts. This abbreviated report provides background information on the full report and the committee that prepared it.

How to Analyze the Cyber Threat from Drones

Author : Katharina Ley Best,Jon Schmid,Shane Tierney
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2020-04-30
Category : Computers
ISBN : 1977402879

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How to Analyze the Cyber Threat from Drones by Katharina Ley Best,Jon Schmid,Shane Tierney Pdf

The authors explore approaches for understanding, inventorying, and modeling cyber security implications of unmanned aerial systems (drones), and examine the threats and trends around them--specifically, current vulnerabilities and future trends.

2011 Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Encyclopedia: UAVs, Drones, Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA), Weapons and Surveillance - Roadmap, Flight Plan, Reliability Study, Systems News and Notes

Author : U. S. Military,U. S. Government,U. S. Army,U. S. Air Force,U. S. Navy,Department of Defense
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2017-08-21
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1549551221

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2011 Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Encyclopedia: UAVs, Drones, Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA), Weapons and Surveillance - Roadmap, Flight Plan, Reliability Study, Systems News and Notes by U. S. Military,U. S. Government,U. S. Army,U. S. Air Force,U. S. Navy,Department of Defense Pdf

Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), also known as UAVs, drones, or remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), are now a vital component of military and homeland security operations, playing an increasingly important role in the Afghanistan-Pakistan war, and protecting American borders from terror threats. This comprehensive report provides detailed information about UAS aircraft and weapons systems, with reproductions of three high impact Pentagon reports along with an extensive news and notes chapter, all in one convenient book. There is coverage of systems used by the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Homeland Security, Coast Guard, NOAA, NASA, and Customs and Border Patrol.Reports in this exceptional collection: 2009 - 2034 Unmanned Systems Integrated Roadmap including UGV Ground Vehicles, UMS Maritime Systems, Drones, Technologies, Current and Future Programs * 2009-2047 U.S. Air Force Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) and UAV Flight Plan * 21st Century Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) Reliability Study - Predator, Pioneer, Hunter, UAS - Power, Propulsion, Flight Control, Communication, Human Factors.Integrated Roadmap: Contents include: Unmanned Systems Applied to Joint Capability Areas (JCAs) * Battle Space Awareness * Force Application * Protection * Logistics * Building Partnerships * Force Support * Command and Control (C2) * Net Centric * Unmanned Systems Performance Envelope * Performance Across Domains * Air Domain * Ground Domain * Maritime Domain * UAS * A160 Hummingbird * Aerosonde * Aqua/Terra Puma * Battlefield Air Targeting Micro Air Vehicle (BATMAV) - WASP III * Broad Area Maritime Surveillance Unmanned Aircraft System (BAMS UAS) * Buster * XM-156 Class I * Combat Medic Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) for Resupply and Evacuation * FINDER * Global Observer * Improved Gnat Extended Range (I-Gnat-ER) "Warrior Alpha" / Extended Range/Multipurpose (ER/MP) Block 0 * Maverick * MQ-1 Predator * MQ-1C Extended Range/Multi-purpose (ER/MP) * MQ-5B Hunter * MQ-8 Fire Scout * MQ-9 Reaper (formerly Predator B) * Onyx Autonomously Guided Parafoil System * RQ-11 Pathfinder Raven * RQ-14 Dragon Eye/Swift * RQ-15 Neptune * Gasoline Micro Air Vehicle (gMAV) * RQ-4 Global Hawk * RQ-4 Global Hawk Maritime Demonstration (GHMD) * RQ-7 Shadow 200 * ScanEagle * Silver Fox * Small Tactical UAS (STUAS)/Tier II UAS * Tactical Mini-Unmanned Air Vehicle (TACMAV) * Unmanned Combat Aircraft System - Carrier Demonstration (UCAS-D) * Wasp * XM 157 Class IV UAS * XPV-1 Tern * XPV-2 Mako * Unmanned Airship Systems * Advanced Airship Flying Laboratory (AAFL) * Hybrid Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle (HUAV) Persistent Elevated Reconnaissance * Surveillance Intelligence Unmanned System (PERSIUS) * Joint Land Attack Elevated Netted Sensor (JLENS) * Rapid Aerostat Initial Deployment (RAID) * Rapidly Elevated Aerostat Platform (REAP) * Tethered Aerostat Radar System (TARS) * Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Airspace IntegrationAir Force Flight Plan: The 2009-2047 U.S. Air Force Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) and UAV Flight Plan has information on the current program and action plan, the platforms (nano, micro, man-portable, air-launched, Predator, Reaper, Global Hawk, Raven, Wasp), evolution of capabilities, manpower and pilot training issues, and much more.Reliability Study: Reliability is at the core of achieving routine airspace access, reducing acquisition cost, and improving mission effectiveness for UAVs. Although it has taken the fleet 17 years to reach the 100,000 flight hour milestone, this study is the first comprehensive effort to address formally the reliability issue for these increasingly utilized military assets. The results presented are based primarily on actual flight operations data and augmented by in-house reliability assessments performed by individual UAV programs and contractors. This is a privately authored news service and educational publication of Progressive Management.

Maritime Cybersecurity

Author : Steven D Shepard, PhD,Gary C Kessler, PhD
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2020-09-02
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9798676215354

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Maritime Cybersecurity by Steven D Shepard, PhD,Gary C Kessler, PhD Pdf

The maritime industry is thousands of years old. The shipping industry, which includes both ships and ports, follows practices that are as old as the industry itself, yet relies on decades-old information technologies to protect its assets. Computers have only existed for the last 60 years and computer networks for 40. Today, we find an industry with rich tradition, colliding with new types of threats, vulnerabilities, and exposures. This book explores cybersecurity aspects of the maritime transportation sector and the threat landscape that seeks to do it harm.

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)

Author : U. S. Air Force,U. S. Army War College,Department of Defense
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2017-08-20
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1549549510

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Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) by U. S. Air Force,U. S. Army War College,Department of Defense Pdf

This paper seeks to identify roles in which the nation can leverage these assets in the defense of the homeland. Drug interdiction, port security, disaster relief, search and rescue, and border patrol are just a few potential roles. Finally, this paper looks at potential obstacles, both legal and policy, to implementing a proposed way-ahead. How can the United States leverage DoD ISR assets to secure and defend the homeland? The U.S. border with Canada stretches over 5,400 miles. To the south, the border with Mexico is in excess of 1,950 miles. Additionally, the U.S. has over 12,380 miles of coastline to defend.(2) These expansive borders and vast amounts of coastline present a large challenge to those agencies responsible for U.S. security. The difficulty with securing our southern border, in particular, is well documented. The U.S.-Mexico border has 43 legitimate crossing points. However the rest of the border consists of open desert terrain, rugged mountains and other geographic obstacles making surveillance. Inability of U.S. security forces to monitor the whole border all of the time makes it easier to smuggle drugs and illegal aliens into the United States. (3) Not only are drugs a menace to the U.S., a larger concern would be if terrorist organizations such as Al Qaeda choose to smuggle in their operatives and/or weapons of mass destruction (WMD) via the same routes used for drug trafficking. Today, numerous federal and state organizations are charged with maintaining the security and defense of the homeland: Northern Command (NORTHCOM), Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), Customs and Border Patrol (CBP), Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), Border Patrol, Coast Guard, state and local police departments. Many of these organizations operate under strained budgets and may lack sufficient funding and personnel to acquire and maintain all of the surveillance capabilities they seek. It is imperative to leverage existing capabilities and know-how in order to improve effectiveness and reduce redundant capabilities in an effort to save money. Specifically, one such capability is DoD's UAVs. This is a privately authored news service and educational publication of Progressive Management. Our publications synthesize official government information with original material - they are not produced by the federal government. They are designed to provide a convenient user-friendly reference work to uniformly present authoritative knowledge that can be rapidly read, reviewed or searched. Vast archives of important data that might otherwise remain inaccessible are available for instant review no matter where you are. This e-book format makes a great reference work and educational tool. There is no other reference book that is as convenient, comprehensive, thoroughly researched, and portable - everything you need to know, from renowned experts you trust. For over a quarter of a century, our news, educational, technical, scientific, and medical publications have made unique and valuable references accessible to all people. Our e-books put knowledge at your fingertips, and an expert in your pocket!

Introduction to UAV Systems

Author : Paul G. Fahlstrom,Thomas J. Gleason
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2012-07-11
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781118396810

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Introduction to UAV Systems by Paul G. Fahlstrom,Thomas J. Gleason Pdf

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely adopted in the military world over the last decade and the success of these military applications is increasingly driving efforts to establish unmanned aircraft in non-military roles. Introduction to UAV Systems, 4th edition provides a comprehensive introduction to all of the elements of a complete Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS). It addresses the air vehicle, mission planning and control, several types of mission payloads, data links and how they interact with mission performance, and launch and recovery concepts. This book provides enough information to encourage a student to learn more; to provide a specialist with a basic appreciation of the technical issues that drive other parts of the system and interact with their specialty; or to help a program manager understand system-level tradeoffs and know what questions to ask. Key features: Comprehensive overview of all elements of a UAS and of how they interact. Introduces the underlying concepts of key subsystems. Emphasizes system-integration issues and how they relate to subsystem design choices. Practical discussion of issues informed by lessons learned in UAV programs. Introduction to UAV Systems, 4th edition is written both for newcomers to the subject and for experienced members of the UAV community who desire a comprehensive overview at the system level. As well as being a primary text for an introductory course on UAS or a supplementary text in a course that goes into more depth in one of the individual technologies involved in a UAS, this book is a useful overview for practicing engineers, researchers, managers, and consultants interested in UAV systems.

Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Author : Ella Atkins,Anibal Ollero,Antonios Tsourdos
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 740 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2017-01-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781118866450

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Unmanned Aircraft Systems by Ella Atkins,Anibal Ollero,Antonios Tsourdos Pdf

UNMANNED AIRCRAF T SYSTEMS UNMANNED AIRCRAF T SYSTEMS An unmanned aircraft system (UAS), sometimes called a drone, is an aircraft without a human pilot on board ??? instead, the UAS can be controlled by an operator station on the ground or may be autonomous in operation. UAS are capable of addressing a broad range of applications in diverse, complex environments. Traditionally employed in mainly military applications, recent regulatory changes around the world are leading to an explosion of interest and wide-ranging new applications for UAS in civil airspace. Covering the design, development, operation, and mission profiles of unmanned aircraft systems, this single, comprehensive volume forms a complete, stand-alone reference on the topic. The volume integrates with the online Wiley Encyclopedia of Aerospace Engineering, providing many new and updated articles for existing subscribers to that work. The chapters cover the following items: Airframe configurations and design (launch systems, power generation, propulsion) Operations (missions, integration issues, and airspace access) Coordination (multivehicle cooperation and human oversight) With contributions from leading experts, this volume is intended to be a valuable addition, and a useful resource, for aerospace manufacturers and suppliers, governmental and industrial aerospace research establishments, airline and aviation industries, university engineering and science departments, and industry analysts, consultants, and researchers.

Joint Operational Access Concept (JOAC)

Author : U. S. Military,U. S. Government,Department of Defense (DOD)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 79 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2018-03-28
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1980685541

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Joint Operational Access Concept (JOAC) by U. S. Military,U. S. Government,Department of Defense (DOD) Pdf

This is a reproduction of an important Department of Defense (DOD) strategy document describing in broad terms how joint forces will operate in response to emerging antiaccess and area-denial security challenges. From the foreword by Martin Dempsey: Due to three major trends - the growth of antiaccess and area-denial capabilities around the globe, the changing U.S. overseas defense posture, and the emergence of space and cyberspace as contested domains - future enemies, both states and nonstates, see the adoption of antiaccess/area-denial strategies against the United States as a favorable course of action for them. The JOAC describes how future joint forces will achieve operational access in the face of such strategies. Its central thesis is Cross-Domain Synergy-the complementary vice merely additive employment of capabilities in different domains such that each enhances the effectiveness and compensates for the vulnerabilities of the others-to establish superiority in some combination of domains that will provide the freedom of action required by the mission. The JOAC envisions a greater degree of integration across domains and at lower echelons than ever before. Embracing cross-domain synergy at increasingly lower levels will be essential to generating the tempo that is often critical to exploiting fleeting local opportunities for disrupting the enemy system. The JOAC also envisions a greater degree and more flexible integration of space and cyberspace operations into the traditional air-sea-land battlespace than ever before. Each Service has an important role in ensuring Joint Operational Access. The JOAC was developed by representatives from each of the Services and the Joint Staff in coordination with the combatant commands, multinational partners, and other stakeholders. The JOAC development was supported by an experimentation campaign including a multi-scenario wargame, multiple Service-sponsored events, and other concept development venues. The strategic challenge is clear: the Joint Force must maintain the freedom of action to accomplish any assigned mission. The Joint Operational Access Concept is a critical first step in ensuring the joint force has the requisite capabilities to do so. This paper proposes a concept for how joint forces will achieve operational access in the face of armed opposition by a variety of potential enemies and under a variety of conditions, as part of a broader national approach. Operational access is the ability to project military force into an operational area with sufficient freedom of action to accomplish the mission. Operational access does not exist for its own sake, but rather serves our broader strategic goals, whether to ensure access to commerce, demonstrate U.S. resolve by positioning forces overseas to manage crisis and prevent war, or defeat an enemy in war. Operational access is the joint force contribution to assured access, the unhindered national use of the global commons and select sovereign territory, waters, airspace and cyberspace. Enduring requirement for force projection. Distinction between antiaccess and area-denial. Importance of preconditions.