Unraveling The Voynich Codex

Author : Jules Janick,Arthur O. Tucker
Publisher : Springer
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2018-08-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319772943

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Unraveling the Voynich Codex by Jules Janick,Arthur O. Tucker Pdf

Unraveling the Voynich Codex reviews the historical, botanical, zoological, and iconographic evidence related to the Voynich Codex, one of the most enigmatic historic texts of all time. The bizarre Voynich Codex has often been referred to as the most mysterious book in the world. Discovered in an Italian Catholic college in 1912 by a Polish book dealer Wilfrid Voynich, it was eventually bequeathed to the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library of Yale University. It contains symbolic language that has defied translation by eminent cryptologists. The codex is encyclopedic in scope and contains sections known as herbal, pharmaceutical, balenological (nude nymphs bathing in pools), astrological, cosmological and a final section of text that may be prescriptions but could be poetry or incantations. Because the vellum has been carbon dated to the early 15th century and the manuscript was known to be in the collection of Emperor Rudolf II of the Holy Roman Empire sometime between 1607 and 1622, current dogma had assumed it a European manuscript of the 15th century. However, based on identification of New World plants, animals, a mineral, as well as cities and volcanos of Central Mexico, the authors of this book reveal that the codex is clearly a document of colonial New Spain. Furthermore, the illustrator and author are identified as native to Mesoamerica based on a name and ligated initials in the first botanical illustration. This breakthrough in Voynich studies indicates that the failure to decipher the manuscript has been the result of a basic misinterpretation of its origin in time and place. Tentative assignment of the Voynichese symbols also provides a key to decipherment based on Mesoamerican languages. A document from this time, free from filter or censor from either Spanish or Inquisitorial authorities has major importance in our understanding of life in 16th century Mexico. Publisher's Note: For the eBook editions, Voynichese symbols are only rendered properly in the PDF format.

Author : Arthur O. Tucker,Jules Janick
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2019-09-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030193775

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Flora of the Voynich Codex by Arthur O. Tucker,Jules Janick Pdf

The Voynich Codex is one the most fascinating and bizarre manuscripts in the world. The manuscript (potentially equivalent to 232 pages), or more properly a codex, consists of many foldout pages. It has been divided by previous researchers into sections known as Herbal/Botanical/Pharmacology; Balenological/Biological; Cosmology; one page known as The Rosette; and a final Recipe section. All the sections contain text in an unknown writing system, yet to be deciphered. Cryptological analyses by modern computer programs nevertheless have determined that the language is real and not a hoax, as has been suggested by some. Despite the fact that this codex is largely an herbal, the interpreters of this manuscript with two exceptions, have not been botanists. To this end, our recent research suggests that the Voynich is a 16th century codex associated with indigenous Indians of Nueva España educated in schools established by the Spanish. This is a breakthrough in Voynich studies. We are convinced that the Voynich codex is a document produced by Aztec descendants that has been unfiltered through Spanish editors. The flora of New Spain is vast, and the medicinal and culinary herbs used by the Aztecs were equally as copious. Even though it is our hypothesis that the Voynch Codex was written as a private herbal in 16th century New Spain, many of these herbs have relevance today because they or closely related species have been noted to be medicinal or have culinary value. The Voynich Codex has an estimated 359 illustration of plants (phytomorphs), 131 in the Herbal Section (large images) and 228 in the Pharmaceutical Section (small images of plant parts). In our book “Unraveling of the Voynich Codex”, to be published by Springer this summer, Tucker and Janick have partially identified species in the Herbal Section. In this proposed work, all of the plants of the Herbal Section will be identified along with those plants of the Pharmacology Section where identification is feasible. Each plant identification will include subdivisions to include descriptors (formal botanical identification), names in English, Spanish, and Mesoamerican names where known, ecology and range, and properties (medicinal and culinary) of these and related species. Photographs of the phytomorphs and contemporary plants will be included. These identifications represent hard evidence that the Voynich Codex is a 16th Century Mexican manuscript. Exploring the herbs of the Aztecs through the Voynich Codex will be a seminal work for all Voynich researchers and also of interest to a wider audience in medicinal and culinary herbs, artists, and historians. In summary, our new book project Flora of the Voynich Codex will provide a photo-illustrated guide to complete the botanical evidence related to the Voynich Codex, one of the most valuable historic texts of the 16th century.

Author : M. E. D'Imperio
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Ciphers
ISBN : UOM:39015005009140

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The Voynich Manuscript by M. E. D'Imperio Pdf

In spite of all the papers that others have written about the manuscript, there is no complete survey of all the approaches, ideas, background information and analytic studies that have accumulated over the nearly fifty-five years since the manuscript was discovered by Wilfrid M. Voynich in 1912. This report pulls together all the information the author could obtain from all the sources she has examined, and to present it in an orderly fashion. The resulting survey will provide a firm basis upon which other students may build their work, whether they seek to decipher the text or simply to learn more about the problem.

Author : George Wilton
Publisher : Az Boek
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2024-04-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9786256315198

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Medieval Mysteries: Unraveling Enigmas of the Dark Ages by George Wilton Pdf

Discovery The Medieval Mysteries: Unraveling Enigmas of the Dark Ages

Author : Arthur O. Tucker,Jules Janick
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2020-10-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030469597

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Flora of the Codex Cruz-Badianus by Arthur O. Tucker,Jules Janick Pdf

In 1929, Charles Upson Clark (1875-1960), a history Professor at Columbia University carrying out bibliographic research on the early history of the Americas in the Vatican Library, came across a remarkable illustrated Latin manuscript entitled Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis (Little Book of Indian Medicinal Herbs) completed in 1552. The manuscript now known as the Codex Cruz-Badianus (CCB) contained 185 illustrations (phytomorphs) of plants with text that described their medicinal uses. This manuscript spread new light on botanical and medicinal knowledge of the indigenous peoples of Mexico known today as the Nahuas or Aztecs. It was to have major repercussions on our knowledge of Aztec culture and the history of New Spain in the 16th century. CCB was produced at the Colegio of Imperial de Santa Cruz at Tlatelolco established in 1536 to train sons of the Aztec nobility for the clergy. The authors were two indigenous faculty members, Martin (Martinus in Latin) de la Cruz and Juan Badiano (Juannes Badianus in Latin) whose Spanish names were conferred upon their baptism. Martin de la Cruz was the Colegio’s indigenous doctor who gave instruction in medicine and Juan Badiano, a Latin teacher and former student translated the book into Latin. The herbal dedicated to the Viceroy Francisco de Mendoza was sent to Spain as a gift to King Carlos I soon after its completion in 1552. The original ended up in the Vatican Library until 1990 when John Paul II returned it to Mexico. In 1931, the Mayanist scholar, William Gates, and the biologist Emily Walcott Emmart became aware of the manuscript and independently translated it to English. In 2009, Martin Clayton, Luigi Guerrini, and Alejandro de Avila identified plants of the CCB based on Emmart’s book and a 17th century copy found in the Windsor library. Of the 185 phytomophs, Gates identified 85 on the generic level, Emmart 9, and Clayton et al. 126. However most of these identifications disagree. In the present work, 183 of 185 phytomorphs are systematically re-evaluated and identified on the generic, as well as specific level, along with their botanical descriptions, previous identifications, putative identification, distribution, names, and uses.

Author : Raymond Clemens,Deborah E. Harkness,Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : History
ISBN : 0300217234

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The Voynich Manuscript by Raymond Clemens,Deborah E. Harkness,Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library Pdf

The first authorized copy of this mysterious, much-speculated-upon, one-of-a-kind, centuries-old puzzle "For the first time, a complete reproduction [of] The Voynich Manuscript, has been published, featuring essays exploring what is known about the book and extra-wide margins so readers can record their responses to its beguiling, beautiful strangeness."--Nina Maclaughlin, Boston Globe "For people who like a good historical mystery, this . . . fifteenth- or sixteenth-century Voynich Manuscript will fascinate."--Rebecca Onion, Slate Many call the fifteenth-century codex, commonly known as the "Voynich Manuscript," the world's most mysterious book. Written in an unknown script by an unknown author, the manuscript has no clearer purpose now than when it was rediscovered in 1912 by rare books dealer Wilfrid Voynich. The manuscript appears and disappears throughout history, from the library of the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II to a secret sale of books in 1903 by the Society of Jesus in Rome. The book's language has eluded decipherment, and its elaborate illustrations remain as baffling as they are beautiful. For the first time, this facsimile, complete with elaborate folding sections, allows readers to explore this enigma in all its stunning detail, from its one-of-a-kind "Voynichese" text to its illustrations of otherworldly plants, unfamiliar constellations, and naked women swimming though fantastical tubes and green baths. The essays that accompany the manuscript explain what we have learned about this work--from alchemical, cryptographic, forensic, and historical perspectives--but they provide few definitive answers. Instead, as New York Times best-selling author Deborah Harkness says in her introduction, the book "invites the reader to join us at the heart of the mystery."

Author : Wilfrid Voynich,Anonyme
Publisher : e-artnow
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2012-06-25
Category : Reference
ISBN : 9788087664193

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The Voynich Manuscript by Wilfrid Voynich,Anonyme Pdf

This ebook is the complete reproduction of the preserved Voynich Manuscript, formatted for high resolution color ebook reader displays. The Voynich manuscript, also known as "the world's most mysterious manuscript", is a work which dates to the early 15th century, possibly from northern Italy. It is named after the book dealer Wilfrid Voynich, who purchased it in 1912. Much of the manuscript resembles herbal manuscripts of the time period, seeming to present illustrations and information about plants and their possible uses for medical purposes. However, most of the plants do not match known species, and the manuscript's script and language remain unknown and unreadable. Possibly some form of encrypted ciphertext, the Voynich manuscript has been studied by many professional and amateur cryptographers, including American and British codebreakers from both World War I and World War II. As yet, it has defied all decipherment attempts, becoming a cause célèbre of historical cryptology. The mystery surrounding it has excited the popular imagination, making the manuscript a subject of both fanciful theories and novels. None of the many speculative solutions proposed over the last hundred years has yet been independently verified. Illustrations: The illustrations of the manuscript shed little light on the precise nature of its text but imply that the book consists of six "sections", with different styles and subject matter. Except for the last section, which contains only text, almost every page contains at least one illustration. Following are the sections and their conventional names: Herbal: Each page displays one plant (sometimes two) and a few paragraphs of text—a format typical of European herbals of the time. Some parts of these drawings are larger and cleaner copies of sketches seen in the "pharmaceutical" section. None of the plants depicted is unambiguously identifiable. Astronomical: Contains circular diagrams, some of them with suns, moons, and stars, suggestive of astronomy or astrology. One series of 12 diagrams depicts conventional symbols for the zodiacal constellations (two fish for Pisces, a bull for Taurus, a hunter with crossbow for Sagittarius, etc.). Each of these has 30 female figures arranged in two or more concentric bands. Most of the females are at least partly naked, and each holds what appears to be a labeled star or is shown with the star attached by what could be a tether or cord of some kind to either arm. The last two pages of this section (Aquarius and Capricornus, roughly January and February) were lost, while Aries and Taurus are split into four paired diagrams with 15 women and 15 stars each. Some of these diagrams are on fold-out pages. Biological: A dense continuous text interspersed with figures, mostly showing small naked women, some wearing crowns, bathing in pools or tubs connected by an elaborate network of pipes, some of them strongly reminiscent of body organs. Cosmological: More circular diagrams, but of an obscure nature. This section also has foldouts; one of them spans six pages and contains a map or diagram, with nine "islands" or "rosettes" connected by "causeways" and containing castles, as well as what may possibly be a volcano. Pharmaceutical: Many labeled drawings of isolated plant parts (roots, leaves, etc.); objects resembling apothecary jars, ranging in style from the mundane to the fantastical; and a few text paragraphs. Recipes: Many short paragraphs, each marked with a flower- or star-like "bullet".

Author : Zahid Ameer
Publisher : Zahid Ameer
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2023-10-09
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Voynich Enigma: A Guide To History’s Greatest Mystery by Zahid Ameer Pdf

The Voynich Manuscript is one of the most enduring mysteries of all time. This strange and enigmatic book, written in an unknown language and filled with bizarre illustrations, has baffled scholars for centuries. The manuscript was first discovered in 1912 by Polish-American antiquarian bookseller Wilfrid Voynich. It is believed to have been written in Central Europe in the late 15th or early 16th century, but its exact origins and purpose are unknown. The Voynich Manuscript is written in a unique script that has never been deciphered. The text is accompanied by a series of illustrations that depict a variety of strange and unusual subjects, including plants, animals, astronomical objects, and human figures. The purpose of the Voynich Manuscript is also a mystery. Some scholars believe that it is a medical treatise, while others believe that it is a work of alchemy or astrology. Still, others believe that it is a hoax or a work of fiction. Despite the many attempts to decipher the Voynich Manuscript, it remains one of the most challenging puzzles in cryptography. However, the book continues to fascinate and intrigue people from all over the world. In this eBook, we will explore the history and mystery of the Voynich Manuscript in detail. We will examine the various theories about its origins, purpose, and language. We will also discuss the latest research on the manuscript and the ongoing efforts to decipher it. Whether you are a seasoned cryptographer or simply someone who is curious about unsolved mysteries, this eBook is for you. Join us on a journey of discovery as we explore the Voynich Enigma, one of the greatest mysteries of all time.

Author : STEPHEN SKINNER ZANDBERGEN (DR RAFAL T PRINKE AND DR RENE.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1525259342

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VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT by STEPHEN SKINNER ZANDBERGEN (DR RAFAL T PRINKE AND DR RENE.) Pdf

Author : Nicholas Pelling,Nick Pelling
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2006-01-01
Category : Ciphers
ISBN : 0955316006

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The Curse of the Voynich by Nicholas Pelling,Nick Pelling Pdf

For hundreds of years, the bizarre Voynich Manuscript has been the subject of intrigue and fascination. In this book, leading Voynich researcher Nick Pelling strips away the veils of deception to reveal the secret history of this mystery, looking at the people, the places and the politics behind this 'elegant enigma'.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2013-01-04
Category : History
ISBN : 1481076701

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The Voynich Manuscript Illustrated by Anonim Pdf

Imagine a book with a real mystery, which has astounded historians and code breakers since the "Voynich Manuscript" was discovered in an Italian bookstore in 1912. Inside the covers this 14th/15th Century manuscript, the handwritten language is currently unknown to anyone on Earth, whilst its illustrations show strange plants, and human like people, with some pages showing stars and planets. Recently in a Discovery Channel documentary, expert decoders tried to decode his enigmatic book, and find out more about the mysterious riddle of this unique publication, only to remain as dumbfounded as many others who have had access to this book. "The Voynich Manuscript," still remains one of our World's biggest mysteries. Do you recognize the language? Where does it originate from?

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2015-12-11
Category : History
ISBN : 1626542163

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Voynich Manuscript by Anonim Pdf

A facsimile of an object of unknown authorship that has been the source of study and speculation for centuries and remains undecipherable to this day.

Author : Elonka Dunin,Klaus Schmeh
Publisher : No Starch Press
Page : 489 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2023-09-19
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781718502727

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Codebreaking by Elonka Dunin,Klaus Schmeh Pdf

If you liked Dan Brown’s Da Vinci Code—or want to solve similarly baffling cyphers yourself—this is the book for you! A thrilling exploration of history’s most vexing codes and ciphers that uses hands-on exercises to teach you the most popular historical encryption schemes and techniques for breaking them. Solve history’s most hidden secrets alongside expert codebreakers Elonka Dunin and Klaus Schmeh, as they guide you through the world of encrypted texts. With a focus on cracking real-world document encryptions—including some crime-based coded mysteries that remain unsolved—you’ll be introduced to the free computer software that professional cryptographers use, helping you build your skills with state-of-the art tools. You’ll also be inspired by thrilling success stories, like how the first three parts of Kryptos were broken. Each chapter introduces you to a specific cryptanalysis technique, and presents factual examples of text encrypted using that scheme—from modern postcards to 19-century newspaper ads, war-time telegrams, notes smuggled into prisons, and even entire books written in code. Along the way, you’ll work on NSA-developed challenges, detect and break a Caesar cipher, crack an encrypted journal from the movie The Prestige, and much more. You’ll learn: How to crack simple substitution, polyalphabetic, and transposition ciphers How to use free online cryptanalysis software, like CrypTool 2, to aid your analysis How to identify clues and patterns to figure out what encryption scheme is being used How to encrypt your own emails and secret messages Codebreaking is the most up-to-date resource on cryptanalysis published since World War II—essential for modern forensic codebreakers, and designed to help amateurs unlock some of history’s greatest mysteries.

Author : John Norberg
Publisher : Purdue University Press
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2019-05-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9781612495446

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Ever True by John Norberg Pdf

In 1869 the State of Indiana founded Purdue University as Indiana’s land-grant university dedicated to agriculture and engineering. Today, Purdue stands as one of the elite research and education institutions in the world. Its halls have been home to Nobel Prize- and World Food Prize-winning faculty, record-setting astronauts, laureled humanists, researchers, and leaders of industry. Its thirteen colleges and schools span the sciences, liberal arts, management, and veterinary medicine, boasting more than 450,000 living alumni. Ever True: 150 Years of Giant Leaps at Purdue University by John Norberg captures the essence of this great university. In this volume, Norberg takes readers beyond the iconic redbrick walls of Purdue University’s West Lafayette campus to delve into the stories of the faculty, alumni, and leaders who make up this remarkable institution’s distinguished history. Written to commemorate Purdue University’s sesquicentennial celebrations, Ever True picks up where prior histories leave off, bringing the intricacies of historic tales to the forefront, updating the Purdue story to the present, and looking to the future.

Author : Charles Russo
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2021-09-30
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781000435245

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Law, Education, and the Place of Religion in Public Schools by Charles Russo Pdf

This text presents a comparative, cross-cultural analysis of the legal status of religion in public education in eighteen different nations while offering recommendations for the future improvement of religious education in public schools. Offering rich, analytical insights from a range of renowned scholars with expertise in law, education, and religion, this volume provides detailed consideration of legal complexities impacting the place of religion and religious education in public education. The volume pays attention to issues of national and international relevance including the separation of the church and state; public funding of religious education; the accommodation of students’ devotional needs; and compulsory religious education. The volume thus highlights the increasingly complex interplay of religion, law, and education in diverse educational settings and cultures across developing and developed nations. Providing a valuable contribution to the field of religious secondary education research, this volume will be of interest to researchers, academics, and educators with an interest in religion and law, international and comparative education, and those involved with educational policy at all levels. Those more broadly interested in moral and values education will also benefit from the discussions the book contains.