Vagueness In Context

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Vagueness in Context

Stewart Shapiro
Vagueness in Context Book PDF

Author : Stewart Shapiro
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2006-01-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191535673

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Vagueness in Context by Stewart Shapiro Pdf

Stewart Shapiro's aim in Vagueness in Context is to develop both a philosophical and a formal, model-theoretic account of the meaning, function, and logic of vague terms in an idealized version of a natural language like English. It is a commonplace that the extensions of vague terms vary with such contextual factors as the comparison class and paradigm cases. A person can be tall with respect to male accountants and not tall (even short) with respect to professional basketball players. The main feature of Shapiro's account is that the extensions (and anti-extensions) of vague terms also vary in the course of a conversation, even after the external contextual features, such as the comparison class, are fixed. A central thesis is that in some cases, a competent speaker of the language can go either way in the borderline area of a vague predicate without sinning against the meaning of the words and the non-linguistic facts. Shapiro calls this open texture, borrowing the term from Friedrich Waismann. The formal model theory has a similar structure to the supervaluationist approach, employing the notion of a sharpening of a base interpretation. In line with the philosophical account, however, the notion of super-truth does not play a central role in the development of validity. The ultimate goal of the technical aspects of the work is to delimit a plausible notion of logical consequence, and to explore what happens with the sorites paradox. Later chapters deal with what passes for higher-order vagueness - vagueness in the notions of 'determinacy' and 'borderline' - and with vague singular terms, or objects. In each case, the philosophical picture is developed by extending and modifying the original account. This is followed with modifications to the model theory and the central meta-theorems. As Shapiro sees it, vagueness is a linguistic phenomenon, due to the kinds of languages that humans speak. But vagueness is also due to the world we find ourselves in, as we try to communicate features of it to each other. Vagueness is also due to the kinds of beings we are. There is no need to blame the phenomenon on any one of those aspects.

Vagueness in Context

Stewart Shapiro
Vagueness in Context Book PDF

Author : Stewart Shapiro
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2006-01-05
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780199280391

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Vagueness in Context by Stewart Shapiro Pdf

Stewart Shapiro's aim in Vagueness in Context is to develop both a philosophical and a formal, model-theoretic account of the meaning, function, and logic of vague terms in an idealized version of a natural language like English. It is a commonplace that the extensions of vague terms vary with such contextual factors as the comparison class and paradigm cases. A person can be tall with respect to male accountants and not tall (even short) with respect to professionalbasketball players. The main feature of Shapiro's account is that the extensions (and anti-extensions) of vague terms also vary in the course of a conversation, even after the external contextual features, such as the comparison class, are fixed. A central thesis is that in some cases, a competent speaker ofthe language can go either way in the borderline area of a vague predicate without sinning against the meaning of the words and the non-linguistic facts. Shapiro calls this open texture, borrowing the term from Friedrich Waismann.The formal model theory has a similar structure to the supervaluationist approach, employing the notion of a sharpening of a base interpretation. In line with the philosophical account, however, the notion of super-truth does not play a central role in the development of validity. The ultimate goal of the technical aspects of the work is to delimit a plausible notion of logical consequence, and to explore what happens with the sorites paradox.Later chapters deal with what passes for higher-order vagueness - vagueness in the notions of 'determinacy' and 'borderline' - and with vague singular terms, or objects. In each case, the philosophical picture is developed by extending and modifying the original account. This is followed with modifications to the model theory and the central meta-theorems.As Shapiro sees it, vagueness is a linguistic phenomenon, due to the kinds of languages that humans speak. But vagueness is also due to the world we find ourselves in, as we try to communicate features of it to each other. Vagueness is also due to the kinds of beings we are. There is no need to blame the phenomenon on any one of those aspects.

Vagueness in Communication

Rick Nouwen,Robert van Rooij,Uli Sauerland,Hans-Christian Schmitz
Vagueness in Communication Book PDF

Author : Rick Nouwen,Robert van Rooij,Uli Sauerland,Hans-Christian Schmitz
Publisher : Springer
Page : 207 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2011-01-18
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783642184468

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Vagueness in Communication by Rick Nouwen,Robert van Rooij,Uli Sauerland,Hans-Christian Schmitz Pdf

This book constitutes the proceedings of the International Workshop on Vagueness in Communication, VIC 2009, held as part of ESSLLI 2009, in Bordeaux, France, July 20-24, 2009. The 11 contributions presented shed a light on new aspects in the area of vagueness in natural language communication. In contrast to the classical instruments of dealing with vagueness - like multi-valued logics, truth value gaps or gluts, or supervaluations - this volume presents new approaches like context-sensitivity of vagueness, the sharpening of vague predicates in context, and the modeling of precision levels.

Vagueness and Thought

Andrew Bacon
Vagueness and Thought Book PDF

Author : Andrew Bacon
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198712060

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Vagueness and Thought by Andrew Bacon Pdf

"Vagueness is the study of concepts that admit borderline cases. The epistemology of vagueness concerns attitudes we should have towards propositions we know to be borderline. On this basis Andrew Bacon develops a new theory of vagueness in which vagueness is fundamentally a property of propositions, explicated in terms of its role in thought."--

Vagueness

L. Burns
Vagueness Book PDF

Author : L. Burns
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401134941

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Vagueness by L. Burns Pdf

This work is in two parts. It began as a general investigation of vagueness in natural languages. The Sorites Paradox came to dominate the work however, and the second part of the book consists in an discussion ofthat puzzle and related problems. The first part contains a general discussion ofthe nature ofvagueness and its sources. I discuss various conceptions of vagueness in chapter 1 and outline some of the problems to do with the conception of vagueness as a linguistic phenomenon. The most interesting of these is the Sorites paradox, which occurs where natural languages exhibit a particular variety of borderline case vagueness. I discuss some sources of vagueness of the borderline case variety, and views of the relation between linguistic behaviour and languages which are vague in this sense. I argue in chapter 2 that these problems are not to be easily avoided by statistical averaging techniques or attempts to provide a mathematical model of consensus in linguistic usage. I also consider in chapter 3 various approaches to the problem of providing an adequate logic and semantics for vague natural languages, and argue against two currently popular approaches to vagueness. These are supervaluation accounts which attempt to provide precise semantic models for vague languages based on the notion of specification spaces, and attempts to replace the laws ofclassical logic with systems offuzzy logic.

Vagueness and Law

Geert Keil,Ralf Poscher
Vagueness and Law Book PDF

Author : Geert Keil,Ralf Poscher
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2016-12-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780191085710

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Vagueness and Law by Geert Keil,Ralf Poscher Pdf

Vague expressions are omnipresent in natural language. As such, their use in legal texts is virtually inevitable. If a law contains vague terms, the question whether it applies to a particular case often lacks a clear answer. One of the fundamental pillars of the rule of law is legal certainty. The determinacy of the law enables people to use it as a guide and places judges in the position to decide impartially. Vagueness poses a threat to these ideals. In borderline cases, the law seems to be indeterminate and thus incapable of serving its core rule of law value. In the philosophy of language, vagueness has become one of the hottest topics of the last two decades. Linguists and philosophers have investigated what distinguishes " vagueness from other kinds of linguistic indeterminacy, such as ambiguity, generality, open texture, and family resemblance concepts. There is a vast literature that discusses the logical, semantic, pragmatic, and epistemic aspects of these phenomena. Legal theory has hitherto paid little attention to the differences between the various kinds of linguistic indeterminacy that are grouped under the heading of ", let alone to the various theories that try to account for these phenomena. Bringing together leading scholars working on the topic of vagueness in philosophy and in law, this book fosters a dialogue between philosophers and legal scholars by examining how philosophers conceive vagueness in law from their theoretical perspective and how legal theorists make use of philosophical theories of vagueness. The chapters of the book are organized into three parts. The first part addresses the import of different theories of vagueness for the law, referring to a wide range of theories from supervaluationist to contextualist and semantic realist accounts in order to address the question of whether the law can learn from engaging with philosophical discussions of vagueness. The second part of the book examines different vagueness phenomena. The contributions in part 2 suggest that the greater awareness to different vagueness phenomena can make lawyers aware of specific issues and solutions so far overlooked. The third part deals with the pragmatic aspects of vagueness in law, providing answers to the question of how to deal with vagueness in law and with the professional, political, moral, and ethical issues such vagueness gives rise to.

Not Exactly

Kees van Deemter
Not Exactly Book PDF

Author : Kees van Deemter
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2012-05-24
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780199645732

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Not Exactly by Kees van Deemter Pdf

Our lives are full of inexactitude. We say a person is tall or an action is just without the precision of measurement on a dial. In this engaging account, Kees van Deemter explores vagueness, cutting across areas such as language, mathematical logic, and computing. He considers why vagueness is inherent, and why it is important in how we function.

Vagueness

Delia Graff,Timothy Williamson
Vagueness Book PDF

Author : Delia Graff,Timothy Williamson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 497 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2017-09-08
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351876193

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Vagueness by Delia Graff,Timothy Williamson Pdf

Vagueness, volume XX, contains twenty-seven essays, with issues covered including: nihilism, phenomenal sorites, degrees of truth, epistemicism, higher-order vagueness, contextualism, and intuitionism. Written by leading contemporary philosophers, these essays will be of interest to researchers in philosophy of language, philosophical logic, metaphysics and epistemology; as well as those in natural language semantics, artificial intelligence and cognitive science more generally. A substantial introduction written by the editors provides a guide to the topic and to the essays in the volume.

Unruly Words

Diana Raffman
Unruly Words Book PDF

Author : Diana Raffman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2014-02
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780199915101

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Unruly Words by Diana Raffman Pdf

In Unruly Words, Diana Raffman advances a new theory of vagueness which, unlike previous accounts, is genuinely semantic while preserving bivalence. According to this new approach, called the multiple range theory, vagueness consists essentially in a term's being applicable in multiple arbitrarily different, but equally competent, ways, even when contextual factors are fixed.

Vagueness and Language Use

P. Égré,N. Klinedinst
Vagueness and Language Use Book PDF

Author : P. Égré,N. Klinedinst
Publisher : Springer
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2011-04-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780230299313

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Vagueness and Language Use by P. Égré,N. Klinedinst Pdf

This volume brings together twelve papers by linguists and philosophers contributing novel empirical and formal considerations to theorizing about vagueness. Three main issues are addressed: gradable expressions and comparison, the semantics of degree adverbs and intensifiers (such as 'clearly'), and ways of evading the sorites paradox.

Vagueness, Logic and Ontology

Dominic Hyde
Vagueness Logic and Ontology Book PDF

Author : Dominic Hyde
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2016-02-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317002895

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Vagueness, Logic and Ontology by Dominic Hyde Pdf

The topic of vagueness re-emerged in the twentieth century from relative obscurity. It deals with the phenomenon in natural language that manifests itself in apparent semantic indeterminacy - the indeterminacy, for example, that arises when asked to draw the line between the tall and non-tall, or the drunk and the sober. An associated paradox emphasises the challenging nature of the phenomenon, presenting one of the most resilient paradoxes of logic. The apparent threat posed for orthodox theories of the semantics and logic of natural language has become the focus of intense philosophical scrutiny amongst philosophers and non-philosophers alike. Vagueness, Logic and Ontology explores various responses to the philosophical problems generated by vagueness and its associated paradox - the sorites paradox. Hyde argues that the theoretical space in which vagueness is sometimes ontologically grounded and modelled by a truth-functional logic affords a coherent response to the problems posed by vagueness. Showing how the concept of vagueness can be applied to the world, Hyde's ontological account proposes a substantial revision of orthodox semantics, metaphysics and logic. This book will be of particular interest to readers in philosophy, linguistics, cognitive science and geographic information systems.

Vagueness: A Guide

Giuseppina Ronzitti
Vagueness A Guide Book PDF

Author : Giuseppina Ronzitti
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 207 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2011-03-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789400703759

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Vagueness: A Guide by Giuseppina Ronzitti Pdf

This volume explores how vagueness matters as a specific problem in the context of theories that are primarily about something else. After an introductory chapter on the Sorites paradox, which exposes the various forms the paradox can take and some of the responses that have been pursued, the book proceeds with a chapter on vagueness and metaphysics, which covers important questions concerning vagueness that arise in connection with the deployment of certain key metaphysical notions. Subsequent chapters address the following: vagueness and logic, which discusses the sort of model theory that is suggested by the main, rival accounts of vagueness; vagueness and meaning, which focuses on contextualist, epistemicist, and indeterminist theories; vagueness and observationality; vagueness within linguistics, which focuses on approaches that take comparison classes into account; and the idea that vagueness in law is typically extravagant and that extravagant vagueness is a necessary feature of legal systems.

Vagueness as Arbitrariness

Sagid Salles
Vagueness as Arbitrariness Book PDF

Author : Sagid Salles
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2021-03-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030667818

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Vagueness as Arbitrariness by Sagid Salles Pdf

This book proposes a new solution to the problem of vagueness. There are several different ways of addressing this problem and no clear agreement on which one is correct. The author proposes that it should be understood as the problem of explaining vague predicates in a way that systematizes six intuitions about the phenomenon and satisfies three criteria of adequacy for an ideal theory of vagueness. The third criterion, which is called the “criterion of precisification”, is the most controversial one. It is based on the intuition that a predicate is vague only if it is imprecise. The author considers some different definitions of linguistic imprecision, proposing that a predicate is imprecise if and only if there is no sharp boundary between objects to which its application yields some particular truth-value and objects to which its application does not yield that truth-value. The volume critically reviews the current theories of vagueness and proposes a new one, the Theory of Vagueness as Arbitrariness, which defines a vague predicate as an arbitrary predicate that must be precisified in order to contribute to a sentence that has truth-conditions. The main advantages of this theory over the current alternatives are that it satisfies all three criteria and systematizes the relevant intuitions.

Limiting Arbitrary Power

Marc Ribeiro
Limiting Arbitrary Power Book PDF

Author : Marc Ribeiro
Publisher : UBC Press
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Law
ISBN : 0774810513

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Limiting Arbitrary Power by Marc Ribeiro Pdf

Under the emerging void-for-vagueness doctrine, a law lacking precision can be declared invalid. In this, the first book published on the subject, Marc Ribeiro offers a balanced analysis of this doctrine and its application in the context of the Canadian constitution. Taking as its starting point a cogent analysis of the fundamental concepts of "legality" and the "rule of law," Limiting Arbitrary Power undertakes a specific study of the contents of the vagueness doctrine. Dr. Ribeiro presents an in-depth exploration of the courts' current approach, and suggests how it may be refined in the future. In that regard, he proposes techniques for legislative drafting in which certainty could be enhanced without compromising the flexibility required in law. Acknowledging that to date, the doctrine has yet to be granted an autonomous status for invalidating legislation, he also examines in detail the possible situations in which vagueness may become applicable under the Charter. An important addition to Canadian law libraries, Limiting Arbitrary Power will be eagerly received by legal professionals, legislators, and scholars of constitutional law and legal theory.

Vagueness in Psychiatry

Geert Keil,Lara Keuck,Rico Hauswald
Vagueness in Psychiatry Book PDF

Author : Geert Keil,Lara Keuck,Rico Hauswald
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780198722373

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Vagueness in Psychiatry by Geert Keil,Lara Keuck,Rico Hauswald Pdf

In psychiatry there is no sharp boundary between the normal and the pathological. Although clear cases abound, it is often indeterminate whether a particular condition does or does not qualify as a mental disorder. For example, definitions of subthreshold disorders and of the prodromal stages of diseases are notoriously contentious. Philosophers and linguists call concepts that lack sharp boundaries, and thus admit of borderline cases, 'vague'. Although blurred boundaries between the normal and the pathological are a recurrent theme in many publications concerned with the classification of mental disorders, systematic approaches that take into account philosophical reflections on vagueness are rare. This book provides interdisciplinary discussions about vagueness in psychiatry by bringing together scholars from psychiatry, psychology, philosophy, history, and law. It draws together various lines of inquiry into the nature of gradations between mental health and disease and discusses the individual and societal consequences of dealing with blurred boundaries in medical practice, forensic psychiatry, and beyond. --