Valve Regulated Lead Acid Batteries

Author : Patrick T. Moseley,Jürgen Garche,C.D. Parker,D.A.J. Rand
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 602 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2004-02-24
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780080474731

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Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Batteries by Patrick T. Moseley,Jürgen Garche,C.D. Parker,D.A.J. Rand Pdf

For many decades, the lead-acid battery has been the most widely used energy-storage device for medium- and large-scale applications (approximately 100Wh and above). In recent years, the traditional, flooded design of the battery has begun to be replaced by an alternative design. This version - the valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery - requires no replenishment of the water content of the electrolyte solution, does not spill liquids, and can be used in any desired orientation. Since the VRLA battery operates in a somewhat different manner from its flooded counterpart, considerable technological development has been necessary to meet the exacting performance requirements of the full range of applications in which rechargeable batteries are used. The valve-regulated design is now well established in the industrial battery sector, and also appears set to be adopted widely for automotive duty. This book provides a comprehensive account of VRLA technology and its uses. In the future, all industrial processes - including the manufacture of batteries - will be required to conform to the conventions of sustainability. Accordingly, the crucial areas of the environmental impact associated with the production and use of VRLA batteries and the recycling of spent units are also treated thoroughly. Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Batteries gives an essential insight into the science that underlies the development and operation of VRLA batteries and is a comprehensive reference source for those involved in the practical use of the technology in key energy-storage applications. Covers all major advances in the field Provides a comprehensive account of VRLA technology and its uses First book dedicated to this technology

Author : Jürgen Garche,Eckhard Karden,Patrick T. Moseley,David A. J. Rand
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 706 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2017-02-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780444637031

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Lead-Acid Batteries for Future Automobiles by Jürgen Garche,Eckhard Karden,Patrick T. Moseley,David A. J. Rand Pdf

Lead-Acid Batteries for Future Automobiles provides an overview on the innovations that were recently introduced in automotive lead-acid batteries and other aspects of current research. Innovative concepts are presented, some of which aim to make lead-acid technology a candidate for higher levels of powertrain hybridization, namely 48-volt mild or high-volt full hybrids. Lead-acid batteries continue to dominate the market as storage devices for automotive starting and power supply systems, but are facing competition from alternative storage technologies and being challenged by new application requirements, particularly related to new electric vehicle functions and powertrain electrification. Presents an overview of development trends for future automobiles and the demands that they place on the battery Describes how to adapt LABs for use in micro and mild hybrid EVs via collector construction and materials, via carbon additives, via new cell construction (bipolar), and via LAB hybrids with Li-ion and supercap systems System integration of LABs into vehicle power-supply and hybridization concepts Short description of competitive battery technologies

Author : P. G. Balakrishnan,John Rethinam
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Lead-acid batteries
ISBN : 1604562692

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Developments in Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries by P. G. Balakrishnan,John Rethinam Pdf

Although Gaston Planté invented the lead-acid battery in 1859 in France, it took about a century to make it maintenance-free in the sense that there is no necessity for topping up the battery with water. This was made possible by the invention of a hermetically sealed nickel oxyhydroxide-cadmium battery. Though such batteries were variously called in the beginning as maintenance-free battery, sealed battery, starved electrolyte battery, absorbed electrolyte battery, etc., due to heavy litigation, particularly in the U.K., the term valve-regulated lead-acid battery (VRLAB) was coined to obviate the legal battle. The VRLAB operates on the principle of "internal oxygen cycle" without resorting to the use of catalytic recombination plugs. The binary alloys used in the initial periods of development of VRLAB had no aluminium or silver. After the introduction of Ca-Al master alloy for preparing the Pb-Ca-Al alloy, the grid casting problems were minimised. The introduction of tin to alleviate the problem of premature capacity loss helped to a very great extent in increasing the market share of VRLAB, particularly in the stationary market segment. Developments in the absorptive glass mat (AGM) separator also gave a great impetus to the popularisation of the VRLAB. The work done by the Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Consortium (ALABC) paved the way for increasing the Electric Vehicle (EV) market for VRLAB. Rapid charging of VRLAB not only helped in extending the range of EVs by reducing the down time of EVs, but also increased the life of fast-charged VRLAB. The VRLA battery technology being a comparatively new one, a lot of teething troubles were encountered in the initial periods of its introduction. A detailed analysis of the failure modes of VRLAB and remedial measures adopted by the industry is critically analysed. Extensive trials of VRLAB have been carried out to prove the utility of automotive VRLAB in Australia, Italy, Germany and Japan. Aircraft VRLAB have been proved immune to thermal runaway even though the temperature rises to 72°C. A new idea of a hybrid AGM-Gel VRLAB for use in high temperature operation is under investigation and field trial.

Author : Jürgen Garche,Chris K. Dyer,Patrick T. Moseley,Zempachi Ogumi,David A. J. Rand,Bruno Scrosati
Publisher : Newnes
Page : 4532 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2013-05-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780444527455

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Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources by Jürgen Garche,Chris K. Dyer,Patrick T. Moseley,Zempachi Ogumi,David A. J. Rand,Bruno Scrosati Pdf

The Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources is a truly interdisciplinary reference for those working with batteries, fuel cells, electrolyzers, supercapacitors, and photo-electrochemical cells. With a focus on the environmental and economic impact of electrochemical power sources, this five-volume work consolidates coverage of the field and serves as an entry point to the literature for professionals and students alike. Covers the main types of power sources, including their operating principles, systems, materials, and applications Serves as a primary source of information for electrochemists, materials scientists, energy technologists, and engineers Incorporates nearly 350 articles, with timely coverage of such topics as environmental and sustainability considerations

Author : P. G. Balakrishnan
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2014-05-14
Category : Lead-acid batteries
ISBN : 160876298X

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Developments in Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries by P. G. Balakrishnan Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers(IEEE)
Page : 8 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Storage batteries
ISBN : 1559377534

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IEEE Guide for Selection of Valve-regulated Lead-acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications by Anonim Pdf

Methods for selecting the appropriate type of valve-regulated, immobilized-electrolyte, recombinant lead-acid battery for any of a variety of potential stationary float applications are described.

Author : D. Pavlov
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 656 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2011-05-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0080931685

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Lead-Acid Batteries: Science and Technology by D. Pavlov Pdf

The book presents a comprehensive overview of the theory of the technological processes of lead-acid battery manufacture and their influence on battery performance parameters. It summarizes the current knowledge about the technology of lead-acid battery production and presents it in the form of an integral theory. This theory is supported by ample illustrative material and experimental data, thus allowing technologists and engineers to control the technological processes in battery plants and providing university lecturers with a toll for clear and in-depth presentation of the technology of lead-acid battery production in their courses. The relationship between the technological processes and the performance characteristics of the batteries is disclosed too. Disclosure of the structures of the lead and lead dioxide active masses, ensuring reversibility of the processes during charge and discharge and thus long cycle life of the battery Proposal of optimum conditions for individual technological processes which would yield appropriate structures of the lead and lead dioxide active masses Disclosure of the influence of H2SO4 concentration on battery performance parameters Discussion of the processes involved in the closed oxygen cycle in VRLAB and the thermal phenomena leading to thermal runaway (TRA) Elucidation of the relationship between technology of battery manufacture and battery capacity and cycle life performance

Author : R M Dell,D A J Rand
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2007-10-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781847552228

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Understanding Batteries by R M Dell,D A J Rand Pdf

Batteries are becoming increasingly important in today's world of portable electronic devices, along with the need to store electricity derived from solar and other renewable forms of energy, and the desire to introduce electric and hybrid electric vehicles to reduce emissions. Understanding Batteries is a must for all those seeking a straightforward explanation of how batteries are constructed, their operation, and the factors determining their performance and life. Beginning with a brief history of the development of batteries and a discussion of their applications and markets, the book goes on to outline the basic terminology and science of batteries. The different types of primary (non-rechargeable) and secondary (rechargeable) batteries are then described and emphasis is given to the importance of matching the battery to the intended application. Examples are given to demonstrate how to define and prioritise the various criteria which comprise the battery specification. Throughout, the chemistry is kept as simple as possible. Understanding Batteries will appeal to a wide range of readers, including electrical equipment manufacturers and users, engineers and technicians, chemistry and materials science students, teachers and the interested battery user.

Author : Joey Jung,Lei Zhang,Jiujun Zhang
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2015-06-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781466592230

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Lead-Acid Battery Technologies by Joey Jung,Lei Zhang,Jiujun Zhang Pdf

Lead-Acid Battery Technologies: Fundamentals, Materials, and Applications offers a systematic and state-of-the-art overview of the materials, system design, and related issues for the development of lead-acid rechargeable battery technologies. Featuring contributions from leading scientists and engineers in industry and academia, this book:Describe

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 17 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2024-06-29
Category : Storage batteries
ISBN : 0738156949

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IEEE Guide for Selection of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications by Anonim Pdf

This guide describes methods for selecting the appropriate type of valve-regulated, immobilized-electrolyte, recombinant lead-acid battery for any of a variety of stationary float applications. The purpose of this document is to ensure that the reader is aware of all significant issues that should be considered when selecting VRLA batteries, so that the user might make an informed decision.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0968211844

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Batteries in a Portable World by Anonim Pdf

Author : Dietrich Berndt
Publisher : Research Studies Press Limited
Page : 528 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : UOM:39015048208345

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Maintenance-free Batteries by Dietrich Berndt Pdf

Design and construction of batteries.

Author : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Lead-acid batteries
ISBN : OCLC:35819770

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IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve-regulated Lead-acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Pdf

Author : David Linden,Thomas Reddy
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Professional
Page : 1516 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : UOM:39015049519922

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Handbook of Batteries by David Linden,Thomas Reddy Pdf

BETTER BATTERIES Smaller, lighter, more powerful, and longer-lasting: the better battery is a much-sought commodity in the increasingly portable, ever-more-wireless world of electronics. Powering laptops, handhelds, cell phones, pagers, watches, medical devices, and many other modern necessitites, batteries are crucial to today's cutting-edge technologies. BEST CHOICE FOR BATTERY DESIGN AND EVALUATION This definitive guide from top international experts provides the best technical guidance you can find on designing winning products and selecting the most appropriate batteries for particular applications. HANDBOOK OF BATTERIES covers the field from the tiniest batteries yet devised for life-critical applications to the large batteries required for electric and hybrid electric vehicles. EXPERT INFORMATION Edited by battery experts David Linden, battery consultant and editor of the first two editions, and Dr. Thomas Reddy, a pioneer in the lithium battery field, HANDBOOK OF BATTERIES updates you on current methods, helps you solve problems, and makes comparisons easier. Essential for professionals, valuable to hobbyists, and preferred as a consumer guide for battery purchasers, this the THE source for battery information. The only comprehensive reference in the field, HANDBOOK OF BATTERIES has more authoritative information than any other source: * Authored by a team of leading battery technology experts from around the globe * Covers the characteristics, properties, and performance of every major battery type * Entirely revised, including new information on Lithium Ion and Large Nickel Metal Hydride batteries, and portable fuel cells. This one-of-a-kind HANDBOOK helps you: * Apply leading-edge technologies, materials, and methods in new designs and products * Predict battery performance under any conditions * Have all the needed data and equations at your fingertips

Author : D. Pavlov
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 720 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2017-03-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780444595607

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Lead-Acid Batteries: Science and Technology by D. Pavlov Pdf

Lead-Acid Batteries: Science and Technology: A Handbook of Lead-Acid Battery Technology and Its Influence on the Product, Second Edition presents a comprehensive overview of the technological processes of lead-acid battery manufacture and their influence on performance parameters. The book summarizes current knowledge on lead-acid battery production, presenting it in the form of an integral theory that is supported by ample illustrative material and experimental data that allows technologists and engineers to control technological processes in battery plants. In addition, the book provides university lecturers with a tool for a clear and in-depth presentation of lead-acid battery production in courses. This updated edition includes new supplementary material (text and illustrations) in chapters 2, 4, 6 and 16, as well as a brand new chapter on the action of carbon as an additive to the negative active material and the utilization of the lead-carbon supercapacitor electrodes. Substantial revisions of other chapters have been made, making the book beneficial for battery researchers, engineers and technologists. Written by a world authority on lead-acid batteries in a comprehensive and unified manner Includes new chapters on lead-acid batteries operating in the HRPSoC duty for hybrid electric vehicle applications and on lead-carbon electrodes Presents a comprehensive overview of the theory of the technological processes of lead-acid battery manufacture and their influence on battery performance parameters Proposes optimum conditions for individual technological processes that would yield superior structures of the lead and lead dioxide active masses Discusses the processes involved in the closed oxygen cycle in VRLAB and the thermal phenomena leading to thermal runaway (TRA)