Variability In Human Performance

Author : Thomas J. Smith,Robert A. Henning,Michael G. Wade,Thomas Fisher
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 398 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2014-08-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781466579712

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Variability in Human Performance by Thomas J. Smith,Robert A. Henning,Michael G. Wade,Thomas Fisher Pdf

Understanding the conditions under which variability in performance may arise, and the processes related to its emergence, gives us insight into the development of techniques for improving the quality of performance. Variability in Human Performance details the scientific and the practical implications of human performance variability by providing a broad perspective on how and why such variability occurs across a number of disciplinary domains. The text takes an approach that rests upon the idea of context, or design, specificity in performance, namely that variability in performance is closely referenced to design factors in the environment in which performance is occurring. An exploration of the link between variability and related processes, the book introduces a comprehensive framework for understanding human performance variability, presented in terms of how human control of behavior is closely tied to design factors in the performance environment. The authors introduce empirical evidence, as well as practical examples and application areas, in support of this framework. The book begins with coverage of neurobiological and biomechanical basis of movement variability, then examines rich and extensive empirical evidence available for context specificity in cognitive performance and learning, as a basis for cognitive performance variability. The book then reviews the evidence for context specificity in: Student learning Displaced feedback conditions Human error behavior Affective performance Social and team performance The authors also explore work performance as influenced by complex sociotechnical systems and as a basis for performance variability, applying control systems concepts to an interpretation of the nature and basis of performance variability in all of these domains. They conclude by taking an evolutionary perspective on the origins and behavioral significance of human performance variability. The book then provides strategies on how individuals, groups, and organizations can significantly reduce variability in human performance that often leads to systems failures.

Author : James R. Morrow, Jr.,Dale P. Mood,Weimo Zhu,Minsoo Kang
Publisher : Human Kinetics
Page : 522 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2022-11-15
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781492599586

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Measurement and Evaluation in Human Performance by James R. Morrow, Jr.,Dale P. Mood,Weimo Zhu,Minsoo Kang Pdf

Measurement and Evaluation in Human Performance, Sixth Edition With HKPropel Access, teaches the fundamentals of collecting and analyzing human performance data by focusing on the concepts of reliability and validity. It features practical applications in kinesiology, physical education, and more

Author : Morrow, Jr., James R.,Mood, Dale,Disch, James,Kang, Minsoo
Publisher : Human Kinetics
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2015-08-25
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781450470438

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Measurement and Evaluation in Human Performance, 5E by Morrow, Jr., James R.,Mood, Dale,Disch, James,Kang, Minsoo Pdf

Measurement and Evaluation in Human Performance, Fifth Edition, leads students through the fundamentals of collecting and analyzing human performance data by focusing on the core concepts of reliability and validity and helping students apply their results to real-life situations.

Author : Marvin D. Dunnette,Edwin A. Fleishman
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2014-01-14
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317769941

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Human Performance and Productivity by Marvin D. Dunnette,Edwin A. Fleishman Pdf

These volumes represent a concerted attempt to link what is known from human performance research to recognized national needs for improving productivity. The product of a National Science Foundation project directed by the series editor, the set features authoritative reviews by leading psychologists in the field. The volumes cover many areas of human performance not included in other books.

Author : Pedro Campos,Nicholas Graham,Joaquim Jorge,Nuno Nunes,Philippe Palanque,Marco Winckler
Publisher : Springer
Page : 758 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2011-09-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642237683

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Human-Computer Interaction -- INTERACT 2011 by Pedro Campos,Nicholas Graham,Joaquim Jorge,Nuno Nunes,Philippe Palanque,Marco Winckler Pdf

The four-volume set LNCS 6946-6949 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th IFIP TC13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, INTERACT 2011, held in Lisbon, Portugal, in September 2011. The fourth volume includes 27 regular papers organized in topical sections on usable privacy and security, user experience, user modelling, visualization, and Web interaction, 5 demo papers, 17 doctoral consortium papers, 4 industrial papers, 54 interactive posters, 5 organization overviews, 2 panels, 3 contributions on special interest groups, 11 tutorials, and 16 workshop papers.

Author : E. Hollnagel
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1998-01-23
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780080529295

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Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (CREAM) by E. Hollnagel Pdf

The growing dependence of working environments on complex technology has created many challenges and lead to a large number of accidents. Although the quality of organization and management within the work environment plays an important role in these accidents, the significance of individual human action (as a direct cause and as a mitigating factor) is undeniable. This has created a need for new, integrated approaches to accident analysis and risk assessment. This book detailing the use of CREAM is, therefore, both timely and useful. It presents an error taxonomy which integrates individual, technological and organizational factors based on cognitive engineering principles. In addition to the necessary theoretical foundation, it provides a step-by-step description of how the taxonomy can be applied to analyse as well as predict performance using a context-dependent cognitive model. CREAM can be used as a second-generation human reliability analysis (HRA) approach in probabilistic safety assessment (PSA), as a stand-alone method for accident analysis and as part of a larger design method for interactive systems. In particular, the use of CREAM will enable system designers and risk analysts to: • identify tasks that require human cognition and therefore depend on cognitive reliability • determine the conditions where cognitive reliability and ensuing risk may be reduced • provide an appraisal of the consequences of human performance on system safety which can be used in PSA.

Author : Barbara G. Kanki,Jean-Francois Clervoy,Gro Sandal
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
Page : 944 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2017-11-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780081018705

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Space Safety and Human Performance by Barbara G. Kanki,Jean-Francois Clervoy,Gro Sandal Pdf

Space Safety and Human Performance provides a comprehensive reference for engineers and technical managers within aerospace and high technology companies, space agencies, operators, and consulting firms. The book draws upon the expertise of the world’s leading experts in the field and focuses primarily on humans in spaceflight, but also covers operators of control centers on the ground and behavior aspects of complex organizations, thus addressing the entire spectrum of space actors. During spaceflight, human performance can be deeply affected by physical, psychological and psychosocial stressors. Strict selection, intensive training and adequate operational rules are used to fight performance degradation and prepare individuals and teams to effectively manage systems failures and challenging emergencies. The book is endorsed by the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety (IAASS). Provides information on critical aspects of human performance in space missions Addresses the issue of human performance, from physical and psychosocial stressors that can degrade performance, to selection and training principles and techniques to enhance performance Brings together essential material on: cognition and human error; advanced analysis methods such as human reliability analysis; environmental challenges and human performance in space missions; critical human factors and man/machine interfaces in space systems design; crew selection and training; and organizational behavior and safety culture Includes an endorsement by the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety (IAASS)

Author : Erik Hollnagel
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2017-11-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781351935951

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FRAM: The Functional Resonance Analysis Method by Erik Hollnagel Pdf

Resilience engineering has consistently argued that safety is more than the absence of failures. Since the first book was published in 2006, several book chapters and papers have demonstrated the advantage in going behind 'human error' and beyond the failure concept, just as a number of serious accidents have accentuated the need for it. But there has not yet been a comprehensive method for doing so; the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) fulfils that need. Whereas commonly used methods explain events by interpreting them in terms of an already existing model, the FRAM is used to model the functions that are needed for everyday performance to succeed. This model can then be used to explain specific events, by showing how functions can be coupled and how the variability of everyday performance sometimes may lead to unexpected and out-of-scale outcomes - either good or bad. The FRAM is based on four principles: equivalence of failures and successes, approximate adjustments, emergence, and functional resonance. As the FRAM is a method rather than a model, it makes no assumptions about how the system under investigation is structured or organised, nor about possible causes and cause-effect relations. Instead of looking for failures and malfunctions, the FRAM explains outcomes in terms of how functions become coupled and how everyday performance variability may resonate. This book presents a detailed and tested method that can be used to model how complex and dynamic socio-technical systems work, to understand why things sometimes go wrong but also why they normally succeed.

Author : Ronald Laurids Boring
Publisher : Springer
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2017-06-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319606453

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Advances in Human Error, Reliability, Resilience, and Performance by Ronald Laurids Boring Pdf

This book brings together studies broadly dealing with human error from different disciplines and perspectives. They concern human performance; human variability and reliability analysis; medical, driver and pilot error, as well as automation error; reports on root cause analyses; and the cognitive modeling of human error. In addition, they highlight cutting-edge applications in safety management, defense, security, transportation, process controls, and medicine, as well as more traditional fields of application. Based on the AHFE 2017 International Conference on Human Error, Reliability, Resilience, and Performance, held on July 17–21, 2017 in Los Angeles, California, USA, the book includes experimental papers, original reviews, and reports on case studies, as well as meta-analyses, technical guidelines, best practice and methodological papers. It offers a timely reference guide for researchers and practitioners dealing with human error in a diverse range of fields. “p>

Author : Ronald L. Boring
Publisher : Springer
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2018-06-23
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319943916

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Advances in Human Error, Reliability, Resilience, and Performance by Ronald L. Boring Pdf

This book brings together studies broadly addressing human error from different disciplines and perspectives. It discusses topics such as human performance; human variability and reliability analysis; medical, driver and pilot error, as well as automation error; root cause analyses; and the cognitive modeling of human error. In addition, it highlights cutting-edge applications in safety management, defense, security, transportation, process controls, and medicine, as well as more traditional fields of application. Based on the AHFE 2018 International Conference on Human Error, Reliability, Resilience, and Performance, held on July 21–25, 2018, in Orlando, Florida, USA, the book includes experimental papers, original reviews, and reports on case studies, as well as meta-analyses, technical guidelines, best practice and methodological papers. It offers a timely reference guide for researchers and practitioners dealing with human error in a diverse range of fields.

Author : K.E. Peterson,B. Rasmussen
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 1226 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1992-05-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1851668756

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Safety and Reliability 92 by K.E. Peterson,B. Rasmussen Pdf

Author : Guy Andre Boy,Edwige Quillerou
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2022-07-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781000606270

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Risk-Taking, Prevention and Design by Guy Andre Boy,Edwige Quillerou Pdf

Most approaches that contribute to the design of life-critical systems almost only consider nominal situations where procedures can be developed and used to achieve satisfactory operations. These kinds of approaches lead to rigid ways of doing things and poorly address the needs for flexibility, especially when things go wrong. It is not a matter of human adaptation but of human systems integration (HSI) flexibility. HSI flexibility requires cross-fertilization of appropriate experiences combined with creativity. This book provides risk-management approaches and methods for combining prevention and design. Features: Discusses risk-management approaches and methods for combining prevention and design Examines a transdisciplinary approach to risk management in design and operations of safer life-critical systems Proposes an approach of work analysis during design, which enables design teams to consider HSI issues early enough to fix organizational problems upstream Teaches the combination of prevention and design for safety management This book gathers and analyzes relevant field data to rationalize human and systems activity in various life-critical environments and workplaces, in a systemic manner, and in a variety of safety domains (e.g., aviation, road, navy, manufacturing, hospital, transportation, defense, sport). It further formalizes and analyzes risk-taking experience, expertise, stories about critical events, and scientific and professional literature data to help engineering designers, managers, and health and safety specialists. The text is primarily written for graduate students and professionals working in the fields of occupational health and safety, ergonomics, human factors, cognitive engineering, and human-system integration.

Author : Toni Wäfler,Rahel Gugerli,Giulio Nisoli
Publisher : vdf Hochschulverlag AG
Page : 103 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2020-12-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783728140234

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Integrating Safety-II into Safety Management by Toni Wäfler,Rahel Gugerli,Giulio Nisoli Pdf

We all aim for safe processes. However, providing safety is a complex endeavour. What is it that makes a process safe? And what is the contribution of humans? It is very common to consider humans a risk factor prone to errors. Therefore, we implement sophisticated safety management systems (SMS) in order to prevent potential “human failure”. These SMS provide an impressive increase of safety. In safety science this approach is labelled “Safety-I”, and it starts to be questioned because humans do not show failures only. On the contrary, they often actively contribute to safety, sometimes even by deviating from a procedure. This “Safety-II” perspective considers humans to be a “safety factor” as well because of their ability to adjust behaviour to the given situation. However, adaptability requires scope of action and this is where Safety-I and Safety-II contradict each other. While the former restricts freedom of action, the latter requires room for manoeuvring. Thus, the task of integrating the Safety-II perspective into SMS, which are traditionally Safety-I based, is difficult. This challenge was the main objective of our project. We discovered two methods that contribute to the quality of SMS by integrating Safety-II into SMS without jeopardizing the Safety-I approach.

Author : Ergonomics Society. Conference
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 598 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1995-04-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0748403280

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Contemporary Ergonomics 1995 by Ergonomics Society. Conference Pdf

Author : John R Wilson,Ann Mills,Theresa Clarke,Jane Rajan,Nastaran Dadashi
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 870 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2012-09-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780415644754

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Rail Human Factors around the World by John R Wilson,Ann Mills,Theresa Clarke,Jane Rajan,Nastaran Dadashi Pdf

The rail human factors/ergonomics community has grown quickly and extensively, and there is much increased recognition of the vital importance of ergonomics/human factors by rail infrastructure owners, rail operating companies, system developers, regulators and national and trans-national government. This book, the third on rail human factors, is drawn from papers presented at the Lille 3rd International Conference on Rail Human Factors. The contributions cover the range of human and organisational issues on the railway, from driving to signalling and control to maintenance and engineering work, to passengers and security issues such as trespass, and address improvements in safety, reliability, use of capacity, efficiency and quality. The book represents the best of recent work in rail human factors, and starts to define the framework for the next few years. As well as the human factors areas listed above, the conference and thus the book are notable for sessions on simulation in rail human factors and on human factors in metro design and operation. The book also reflects the increased attention being paid to, and developments in, understanding all aspects of rail stakeholders’ behaviour, and also the contribution of ergonomics/human factors to innovative network control systems which will enhance reliability, safety and use of capacity. The book will be of interest to a number of groups: those working in the rail sector from a human factors point of view; the larger rail industry and related bodies generally; and in terms of transferrable knowledge to ergonomists and human factors specialists working in other industries.