Variation And Evolution In Plants And Microorganisms

Author : National Academy of Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2000-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309070997

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Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms by National Academy of Sciences Pdf

"The present book is intended as a progress report on [the] synthetic approach to evolution as it applies to the plant kingdom." With this simple statement, G. Ledyard Stebbins formulated the objectives of Variation and Evolution in Plants, published in 1950, setting forth for plants what became known as the "synthetic theory of evolution" or "the modern synthesis." The pervading conceit of the book was the molding of Darwin's evolution by natural selection within the framework of rapidly advancing genetic knowledge. At the time, Variation and Evolution in Plants significantly extended the scope of the science of plants. Plants, with their unique genetic, physiological, and evolutionary features, had all but been left completely out of the synthesis until that point. Fifty years later, the National Academy of Sciences convened a colloquium to update the advances made by Stebbins. This collection of 17 papers marks the 50th anniversary of the publication of Stebbins' classic. Organized into five sections, the book covers: early evolution and the origin of cells, virus and bacterial models, protoctist models, population variation, and trends and patterns in plant evolution.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:817893890

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(NAS Colloquium) Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms by Anonim Pdf

Author : George Ledyard Stebbins
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 643 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:467878967

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Variation and Evolution in Plants by George Ledyard Stebbins Pdf

Author : National Academy of Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2000-10-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309172264

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Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms by National Academy of Sciences Pdf

"The present book is intended as a progress report on [the] synthetic approach to evolution as it applies to the plant kingdom." With this simple statement, G. Ledyard Stebbins formulated the objectives of Variation and Evolution in Plants, published in 1950, setting forth for plants what became known as the "synthetic theory of evolution" or "the modern synthesis." The pervading conceit of the book was the molding of Darwin's evolution by natural selection within the framework of rapidly advancing genetic knowledge. At the time, Variation and Evolution in Plants significantly extended the scope of the science of plants. Plants, with their unique genetic, physiological, and evolutionary features, had all but been left completely out of the synthesis until that point. Fifty years later, the National Academy of Sciences convened a colloquium to update the advances made by Stebbins. This collection of 17 papers marks the 50th anniversary of the publication of Stebbins' classic. Organized into five sections, the book covers: early evolution and the origin of cells, virus and bacterial models, protoctist models, population variation, and trends and patterns in plant evolution.

Author : Francisco Jos_ Ayala,Walter M. Fitch,Michael I. Chegg
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Plants
ISBN : 9780309070799

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Colloquium on Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms--Toward a New Synthesis--50 Years After Stebbins by Francisco Jos_ Ayala,Walter M. Fitch,Michael I. Chegg Pdf

Annotation In 1950, Stebbins (d. 2000) published Variation and Evolution in Plants, which extended the synthetic theory of evolution or "the modern synthesis" to plants. These 17 papers are drawn from a National Academy of Sciences colloquium held in January 2000 on the 50th anniversary of the publication of Stebbins' classic. Following a Stebbins appreciation talk (originally slotted for his own words), papers branch into sections on: early evolution and the origin of cells, virus and bacterial models, protoctist models (having to do with RNA editing), population variation, and trends and patterns in plant evolution. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-29
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:663558322

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Variation and Evolution in Plants by Anonim Pdf

Author : David Briggs,Stuart Max Walters
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 536 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1997-11-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521452953

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Plant Variation and Evolution by David Briggs,Stuart Max Walters Pdf

Natural populations of plants show intricate patterns of variation. European botanists of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries used this variation to classify different "kinds" into a hierachy of family, genus, and species. Although useful, these classifications were based on a belief in the fixity of species and the static patterns of variation. Darwin's theory of evolution changed this view; populations and species varied in time and space and were part of a continuing process of evolution. The development of molecular techniques has transformed our understanding of microevolution and the evolutionary history of the flowering plants. This revised, extended edition describes the historical background to plant variation studies and considers the remarkable insights that molecular biology has recently given into the processes of evolution in populations of cultivated, wild and weedy species; the threats of extinction faced by many endangered species and the wider evolutionary history of the flowering plants as revealed by cladistic methods.

Author : Eugene Rosenberg,Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 187 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2014-01-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319042411

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The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota by Eugene Rosenberg,Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg Pdf

Groundbreaking research over the last 10 years has given rise to the hologenome concept of evolution. This concept posits that the holobiont (host plus all of its associated microorganisms) and its hologenome (sum of the genetic information of the host and its symbiotic microorganisms), acting in concert, function as a unique biological entity and therefore as a level of selection in evolution. All animals and plants harbor abundant and diverse microbiota, including viruses. Often the amount of symbiotic microorganisms and their combined genetic information far exceed that of their host. The microbiota with its microbiome, together with the host genome, can be transmitted from one generation to the next and thus propagate the unique properties of the holobiont. The microbial symbionts and the host interact in a cooperative way that affects the health of the holobiont within its environment. Beneficial microbiota protects against pathogens, provides essential nutrients, catabolizes complex polysaccharides, renders harmful chemicals inert, and contributes to the performance of the immune system. In humans and animals, the microbiota also plays a role in behavior. The sum of these cooperative interactions characterizes the holobiont as a unique biological entity. Genetic variation in the hologenome can be brought about by changes in either the host genome or the microbial population genomes (microbiome). Evolution by cooperation can occur by amplifying existing microbes, gaining novel microbiota and by acquiring microbial and viral genes. Under environmental stress, the microbiome can change more rapidly and in response to more processes than the host organism alone and thus influences the evolution of the holobiont. Prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and phage therapy are discussed as applied aspects of the hologenome concept.

Author : Howard Ochman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Science
ISBN : 1621820378

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Microbial Evolution by Howard Ochman Pdf

Bacteria have been the dominant forms of life on Earth for the past 3.5 billion years. They rapidly evolve, constantly changing their genetic architecture through horizontal DNA transfer and other mechanisms. Consequently, it can be difficult to define individual species and determine how they are related. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology examines how bacteria and other microbes evolve, focusing on insights from genomics-based studies. Contributors discuss the origins of new microbial populations, the evolutionary and ecological mechanisms that keep species separate once they have diverged, and the challenges of constructing phylogenetic trees that accurately reflect their relationships. They describe the organization of microbial genomes, the various mutations that occur, including the birth of new genes de novo and by duplication, and how natural selection acts on those changes. The role of horizontal gene transfer as a strong driver of microbial evolution is emphasized throughout. The authors also explore the geologic evidence for early microbial evolution and describe the use of microbial evolution experiments to examine phenomena like natural selection. This volume will thus be essential reading for all microbial ecologists, population geneticists, and evolutionary biologists.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 643 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1967
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:463134016

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Variation and Evolution in Plants by Anonim Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Food and Nutrition Board,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Identifying and Assessing Unintended Effects of Genetically Engineered Foods on Human Health
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2004-07-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309166157

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Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Food and Nutrition Board,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Identifying and Assessing Unintended Effects of Genetically Engineered Foods on Human Health Pdf

Assists policymakers in evaluating the appropriate scientific methods for detecting unintended changes in food and assessing the potential for adverse health effects from genetically modified products. In this book, the committee recommended that greater scrutiny should be given to foods containing new compounds or unusual amounts of naturally occurring substances, regardless of the method used to create them. The book offers a framework to guide federal agencies in selecting the route of safety assessment. It identifies and recommends several pre- and post-market approaches to guide the assessment of unintended compositional changes that could result from genetically modified foods and research avenues to fill the knowledge gaps.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Metagenomics: Challenges and Functional Applications
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2007-06-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309106764

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The New Science of Metagenomics by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Metagenomics: Challenges and Functional Applications Pdf

Although we can't usually see them, microbes are essential for every part of human life-indeed all life on Earth. The emerging field of metagenomics offers a new way of exploring the microbial world that will transform modern microbiology and lead to practical applications in medicine, agriculture, alternative energy, environmental remediation, and many others areas. Metagenomics allows researchers to look at the genomes of all of the microbes in an environment at once, providing a "meta" view of the whole microbial community and the complex interactions within it. It's a quantum leap beyond traditional research techniques that rely on studying-one at a time-the few microbes that can be grown in the laboratory. At the request of the National Science Foundation, five Institutes of the National Institutes of Health, and the Department of Energy, the National Research Council organized a committee to address the current state of metagenomics and identify obstacles current researchers are facing in order to determine how to best support the field and encourage its success. The New Science of Metagenomics recommends the establishment of a "Global Metagenomics Initiative" comprising a small number of large-scale metagenomics projects as well as many medium- and small-scale projects to advance the technology and develop the standard practices needed to advance the field. The report also addresses database needs, methodological challenges, and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in supporting this new field.

Author : Brian Charlesworth,Deborah Charlesworth
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 169 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Evolution
ISBN : 9780198804369

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Evolution by Brian Charlesworth,Deborah Charlesworth Pdf

This text is about the central role of evolution in shaping the nature and diversity of the living world. It describes the processes of natural selection, how adaptations arise, and how new species form, as well as summarizing the evidence for evolution

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Biology,Committee on Research Opportunities in Biology
Publisher : National Academies
Page : 471 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1989-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309039277

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Opportunities in Biology by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Biology,Committee on Research Opportunities in Biology Pdf

Biology has entered an era in which interdisciplinary cooperation is at an all-time high, practical applications follow basic discoveries more quickly than ever before, and new technologiesâ€"recombinant DNA, scanning tunneling microscopes, and moreâ€"are revolutionizing the way science is conducted. The potential for scientific breakthroughs with significant implications for society has never been greater. Opportunities in Biology reports on the state of the new biology, taking a detailed look at the disciplines of biology; examining the advances made in medicine, agriculture, and other fields; and pointing out promising research opportunities. Authored by an expert panel representing a variety of viewpoints, this volume also offers recommendations on how to meet the infrastructure needsâ€"for funding, effective information systems, and other supportâ€"of future biology research. Exploring what has been accomplished and what is on the horizon, Opportunities in Biology is an indispensable resource for students, teachers, and researchers in all subdisciplines of biology as well as for research administrators and those in funding agencies.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2009-05-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309131216

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Microbial Evolution and Co-Adaptation by Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats Pdf

Dr. Joshua Lederberg - scientist, Nobel laureate, visionary thinker, and friend of the Forum on Microbial Threats - died on February 2, 2008. It was in his honor that the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop on May 20-21, 2008, to examine Dr. Lederberg's scientific and policy contributions to the marketplace of ideas in the life sciences, medicine, and public policy. The resulting workshop summary, Microbial Evolution and Co-Adaptation, demonstrates the extent to which conceptual and technological developments have, within a few short years, advanced our collective understanding of the microbiome, microbial genetics, microbial communities, and microbe-host-environment interactions.