Verification And Validation Of Complex Systems Human Factors Issues

Author : John A. Wise,V.David Hopkin,Paul Stager
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 682 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783662029336

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Verification and Validation of Complex Systems: Human Factors Issues by John A. Wise,V.David Hopkin,Paul Stager Pdf

Despite its increasing importance, the verification and validation of the human-machine interface is perhaps the most overlooked aspect of system development. Although much has been written about the design and developmentprocess, very little organized information is available on how to verifyand validate highly complex and highly coupled dynamic systems. Inability toevaluate such systems adequately may become the limiting factor in our ability to employ systems that our technology and knowledge allow us to design. This volume, based on a NATO Advanced Science Institute held in 1992, is designed to provide guidance for the verification and validation of all highly complex and coupled systems. Air traffic control isused an an example to ensure that the theory is described in terms that will allow its implementation, but the results can be applied to all complex and coupled systems. The volume presents the knowledge and theory ina format that will allow readers from a wide variety of backgrounds to apply it to the systems for which they are responsible. The emphasis is on domains where significant advances have been made in the methods of identifying potential problems and in new testing methods and tools. Also emphasized are techniques to identify the assumptions on which a system is built and to spot their weaknesses.

Author : John A. Wise,V. David Hopkin,Paul Stager
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Air traffic control
ISBN : 1884099009

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Verification and Validation of Complex Systems by John A. Wise,V. David Hopkin,Paul Stager Pdf

Author : John A. Wise,V. David Hopkin
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2000-08-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781482285109

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Human Factors in Certification by John A. Wise,V. David Hopkin Pdf

Much has happened to certification and to human factors during the past few years. In this volume, the editors and other specialists discuss the topic of human factors applied to certification. They focus on core topics in the certification process that have emerged in the study of product certification in high-tech industries. The editors' purpose is to document advances in the study of certification processes defined largely by the 1993 international conference on the application of human factors principles to the study of product certification in man-machine systems. Although the book focuses mostly on certification in large, man-machine systems, such as aeronautics, its principles also apply to other high tech industries, such as medicine and computers. An introductory paper and a group of papers presenting propositions and philosophies about human factors contribute to a framework for human factors certification. The papers in this volume: * adopt a more direct approach to certification activities, * deal with aspects of human-machine integration, * address topics that should feature in any established human factors certification of advanced aviation systems, * use ideas that already exist in aviation as a basis for discussing certification issues, * consider issues that arise in the certification of complex future systems, and * describe some current characteristics of human factors as a discipline that would influence its application to certification.

Author : V. D. Hopkin
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 442 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2017-11-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781351440189

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Human Factors In Air Traffic Control by V. D. Hopkin Pdf

This text discusses the skills and abilities that air-traffic controllers need. Its approach is international as air-traffic control practices throughout the world have to be mutually compatible and agreed.

Author : Helen C. Muir,Don Harris
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2017-03-02
Category : Transportation
ISBN : 9781351949187

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Contemporary Issues in Human Factors and Aviation Safety by Helen C. Muir,Don Harris Pdf

Every issue of Ashgate's Human Factors and Aerospace Safety: An International Journal publishes an invited, critical review of a key area from a widely-respected researcher. To celebrate a successful first three years of the journal and to make these papers available to a wider audience, they have been collated here into a single volume. The book is divided into three sections, with articles addressing safety issues in flight deck design, aviation operations and training, and air traffic management. These articles describe the state of current research within a practical context and present a potential future research agenda. Contemporary Issues in Human Factors and Aviation Safety will appeal to both professionals and researchers in aviation and associated industries who are interested in learning more about current issues in flight safety.

Author : Raja Parasuraman,Mustapha Mouloua
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 536 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2018-01-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781351465052

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Automation and Human Performance by Raja Parasuraman,Mustapha Mouloua Pdf

There is perhaps no facet of modern society where the influence of computer automation has not been felt. Flight management systems for pilots, diagnostic and surgical aids for physicians, navigational displays for drivers, and decision-aiding systems for air-traffic controllers, represent only a few of the numerous domains in which powerful new automation technologies have been introduced. The benefits that have been reaped from this technological revolution have been many. At the same time, automation has not always worked as planned by designers, and many problems have arisen--from minor inefficiencies of operation to large-scale, catastrophic accidents. Understanding how humans interact with automation is vital for the successful design of new automated systems that are both safe and efficient. The influence of automation technology on human performance has often been investigated in a fragmentary, isolated manner, with investigators conducting disconnected studies in different domains. There has been little contact between these endeavors, although principles gleaned from one domain may have implications for another. Also, with a few exceptions, the research has tended to be empirical and only theory-driven. In recent years, however, various groups of investigators have begun to examine human performance in automated systems in general and to develop theories of human interaction with automation technology. This book presents the current theories and assesses the impact of automation on different aspects of human performance. Both basic and applied research is presented to highlight the general principles of human-computer interaction in several domains where automation technologies are widely implemented. The major premise is that a broad-based, theory-driven approach will have significant implications for the effective design of both current and future automation technologies. This volume will be of considerable value to researchers in human

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Panel on Human Factors in Air Traffic Control Automation
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1997-01-28
Category : Transportation
ISBN : 9780309175029

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Flight to the Future by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Panel on Human Factors in Air Traffic Control Automation Pdf

Despite the strong safety record of the national airspace system, serious disruptions occasionally occur, often as a result of outdated or failed equipment. Under these circumstances, safety relies on the skills of the controllers and pilots and on reducing the number of aircraft in the air. The current and growing pressures to increase the capacity to handle a greater number of flights has led to a call for faster and more powerful equipment and for equipment that can take over some of the tasks now being performed by humans. Increasing the role of automation in air traffic control may provide a more efficient system, but will human controllers be able to effectively take over when problems occur? This comprehensive volume provides a baseline of knowledge about the capabilities and limitations of humans relative to the variety of functions performed in air traffic control. It focuses on balancing safety with the expeditious flow of air traffic, identifying lessons from past air accidents. The book discusses The function of the national airspace system and the procedures for hiring, training, and evaluating controllers. Decisionmaking, memory, alertness, vigilance, sleep patterns during shift work, communication, and other factors in controllers' performance. Research on automation and human factors in air traffic control and incorporation of findings into the system. The Federal Aviation Administration's management of the air traffic control system and its dual mandate to promote safety and the development of air commerce. This book also offers recommendations for evaluation the human role in automated air traffic control systems and for managing the introduction of automation into current facilities and operations. It will be of interest to anyone concerned about air safety--policymakers, regulators, air traffic managers and controllers, airline officials, and passenger advocates.

Author : Süleyman Özekici
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 597 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783662032749

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Reliability and Maintenance of Complex Systems by Süleyman Özekici Pdf

Complex high-technology devices are in growing use in industry, service sectors, and everyday life. Their reliability and maintenance is of utmost importance in view of their cost and critical functions. This book focuses on this theme and is intended to serve as a graduate-level textbook and reference book for scientists and academics in the field. The chapters are grouped into five complementary parts that cover the most important aspects of reliability and maintenance: stochastic models of reliability and maintenance, decision models involving optimal replacement and repair, stochastic methods in software engineering, computational methods and simulation, and maintenance management systems. This wide range of topics provides the reader with a complete picture in a self-contained volume.

Author : Jytte Brender
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9051993374

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Methodology for Assessment of Medical IT-based Systems by Jytte Brender Pdf

10.2 The Role and Contents of the URD in an Assessment Perspective -- 10.3 The Enterprise Model -- 10.4 The Normative Model -- 10.5 Assessment of the User Requirements Document -- 10.6 Discussion -- 11 Dynamic Aspects of the Assessment Methodology -- 11.1 Dynamic Aspects of IT-Development and Application -- 11.2 Adaptation of Frames of Reference for Assessment Activities -- 11.3 Feed-forward Loops -- 11.4 Support of Context Dependent Assessment -- 11.5 Conclusion -- 12 The Dynamic Assessment Methodology -- 12.1 Philosophy -- 12.2 Application Area -- 12.3 Operationalisation of the Methodology -- 12.4 Applicable Methods -- 12.5 Summary -- 13 Discussion -- 13.1 Discussion of Fulfilment of Objective for the 4th Goal -- 13.2 Conclusion of the Study -- References -- Appendix 1: Vocabulary -- Appendix 2: Abbreviations & Acronyms -- Appendix 3: KAVAS's & ISAR's Evaluation Methodology -- Appendix 4: Methodology for Assessment of Functionality -- Appendix 5: Experimental Observations: Functionality Assessment -- Appendix 6: Experimental Observations: LFA -- Appendix 7: Causal Analysis of Experimental Observations -- Appendix 8: Method for Elicitation of a Strategy -- Appendix 9: Selected References regarding Assessment Methods

Author : Panel on Human Factors in Air Traffic Control Automation,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 343 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1998-02-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309517560

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The Future of Air Traffic Control by Panel on Human Factors in Air Traffic Control Automation,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,National Research Council Pdf

Automation in air traffic control may increase efficiency, but it also raises questions about adequate human control over automated systems. Following on the panel's first volume on air traffic control automation, Flight to the Future (NRC, 1997), this book focuses on the interaction of pilots and air traffic controllers, with a growing network of automated functions in the airspace system. The panel offers recommendations for development of human-centered automation, addressing key areas such as providing levels of automation that are appropriate to levels of risk, examining procedures for recovery from emergencies, free flight versus ground-based authority, and more. The book explores ways in which technology can build on human strengths and compensate for human vulnerabilities, minimizing both mistrust of automation and complacency about its abilities. The panel presents an overview of emerging technologies and trends toward automation within the national airspace system--in areas such as global positioning and other aspects of surveillance, flight information provided to pilots an controllers, collision avoidance, strategic long-term planning, and systems for training and maintenance. The book examines how to achieve better integration of research and development, including the importance of user involvement in air traffic control. It also discusses how to harmonize the wide range of functions in the national airspace system, with a detailed review of the free flight initiative.

Author : Hans M. Soekkha
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 815 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2020-03-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781466563858

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Aviation Safety, Human Factors - System Engineering - Flight Operations - Economics - Strategies - Management by Hans M. Soekkha Pdf

Questions concerning safety in aviation attract a great deal of attention, due to the growth in this industry and the number of fatal accidents in recent years. The aerospace industry has always been deeply concerned with the permanent prevention of accidents and the conscientious safeguarding of all imaginable critical factors surrounding the organization of processes in aeronautical technology. However, the developments in aircraft technology and control systems require further improvements to meet future safety demands. This book embodies the proceedings of the 1997 International Aviation Safety Conference, and contains 60 talks by internationally recognized experts on various aspects of aviation safety. Subjects covered include: Human interfaces and man-machine interactions; Flight safety engineering and operational control systems; Aircraft development and integrated safety designs; Safety strategies relating to risk insurance and economics; Corporate aspects and safety management factors --- including airlines services and airport security environment.

Author : Avner Engel
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 723 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2010-06-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780470527511

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Verification, Validation, and Testing of Engineered Systems by Avner Engel Pdf

Systems' Verification Validation and Testing (VVT) are carried out throughout systems' lifetimes. Notably, quality-cost expended on performing VVT activities and correcting system defects consumes about half of the overall engineering cost. Verification, Validation and Testing of Engineered Systems provides a comprehensive compendium of VVT activities and corresponding VVT methods for implementation throughout the entire lifecycle of an engineered system. In addition, the book strives to alleviate the fundamental testing conundrum, namely: What should be tested? How should one test? When should one test? And, when should one stop testing? In other words, how should one select a VVT strategy and how it be optimized? The book is organized in three parts: The first part provides introductory material about systems and VVT concepts. This part presents a comprehensive explanation of the role of VVT in the process of engineered systems (Chapter-1). The second part describes 40 systems' development VVT activities (Chapter-2) and 27 systems' post-development activities (Chapter-3). Corresponding to these activities, this part also describes 17 non-testing systems' VVT methods (Chapter-4) and 33 testing systems' methods (Chapter-5). The third part of the book describes ways to model systems’ quality cost, time and risk (Chapter-6), as well as ways to acquire quality data and optimize the VVT strategy in the face of funding, time and other resource limitations as well as different business objectives (Chapter-7). Finally, this part describes the methodology used to validate the quality model along with a case study describing a system’s quality improvements (Chapter-8). Fundamentally, this book is written with two categories of audience in mind. The first category is composed of VVT practitioners, including Systems, Test, Production and Maintenance engineers as well as first and second line managers. The second category is composed of students and faculties of Systems, Electrical, Aerospace, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering schools. This book may be fully covered in two to three graduate level semesters; although parts of the book may be covered in one semester. University instructors will most likely use the book to provide engineering students with knowledge about VVT, as well as to give students an introduction to formal modeling and optimization of VVT strategy.

Author : G. Johannsen
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2014-05-23
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781483296913

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Integrated Systems Engineering by G. Johannsen Pdf

A key solution for present and future technological problems is an integration systems approach. The challenging cross-discipline of integrated systems engineering is, perhaps, more easily accepted and implemented in the organizational structures of industries than in academia. The opportunity for both sides, leading researchers and industrial practitioners, in this field to exchange ideas, concepts and solutions has been provided at the IFAC symposia on integrated systems engineering. This postprint volume contains all those papers which were presented at the symposia, including the three plenary papers and the papers of the case study session as well as the summaries of the three discussion sessions.

Author : John A. Wise,V. David Hopkin,Daniel J. Garland
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 706 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2016-04-19
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781420063578

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Handbook of Aviation Human Factors by John A. Wise,V. David Hopkin,Daniel J. Garland Pdf

A complete examination of issues and concepts relating to human factors in simulation, this book covers theory and application in space, ships, submarines, naval aviation, and commercial aviation. The authors examine issues of simulation and their effect on the validity and functionality of simulators as a training device. The chapters contain in d

Author : Michael M. Richter
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Artificial intelligence
ISBN : 9783540650133

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Algorithmic Learning Theory by Michael M. Richter Pdf

This volume contains all the papers presented at the Ninth International Con- rence on Algorithmic Learning Theory (ALT’98), held at the European education centre Europ ̈aisches Bildungszentrum (ebz) Otzenhausen, Germany, October 8{ 10, 1998. The Conference was sponsored by the Japanese Society for Arti cial Intelligence (JSAI) and the University of Kaiserslautern. Thirty-four papers on all aspects of algorithmic learning theory and related areas were submitted, all electronically. Twenty-six papers were accepted by the program committee based on originality, quality, and relevance to the theory of machine learning. Additionally, three invited talks presented by Akira Maruoka of Tohoku University, Arun Sharma of the University of New South Wales, and Stefan Wrobel from GMD, respectively, were featured at the conference. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our invited speakers for sharing with us their insights on new and exciting developments in their areas of research. This conference is the ninth in a series of annual meetings established in 1990. The ALT series focuses on all areas related to algorithmic learning theory including (but not limited to): the theory of machine learning, the design and analysis of learning algorithms, computational logic of/for machine discovery, inductive inference of recursive functions and recursively enumerable languages, learning via queries, learning by arti cial and biological neural networks, pattern recognition, learning by analogy, statistical learning, Bayesian/MDL estimation, inductive logic programming, robotics, application of learning to databases, and gene analyses.