Volcanic Activity And Human Ecology

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Volcanic Activity and Human Ecology

Payson D. Sheets,Donald K. Grayson
Volcanic Activity and Human Ecology Book PDF

Author : Payson D. Sheets,Donald K. Grayson
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 662 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2013-09-24
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781483263182

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Volcanic Activity and Human Ecology by Payson D. Sheets,Donald K. Grayson Pdf

Volcanic Activity and Human Ecology deals with dating, chronology, stratigraphy, volcanic activity, and with the impacts of volcanism on animals, plants, human populations, and the environment. Some of the chapters explain how such findings must be weighed against other causes that influence human behavior and survival, such as factors of social customs, climatic change, shifting biogeographic patterns, disease, and the ability to adapt. Each of the chapters that assess the possible human response to volcanism does so by searching for multiple explanations of the archaeological record, avoiding the simple argument that people were dramatically and inevitably overcome by catastrophic geologic events. The book begins with discussions of volcanism as seen by geologists and pedologists. These include s a general overview of volcanoes and volcanism; a review of the production, dispersal, and properties of tephra and of the geologic methods used to study tephra; and the nature of volcanic soils and their economic impact. Subsequent chapters use the geologic and modern records to examine volcanoes as hazards to people. The final series of papers deals with the interrelationships between volcanism and human occupations as seen through the archaeological, paleobotanical, and paleozoological records.

Volcanoes and the Environment

Joan Marti,Gerald G. J. Ernst
Volcanoes and the Environment Book PDF

Author : Joan Marti,Gerald G. J. Ernst
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 489 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2008-01-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781139445108

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Volcanoes and the Environment by Joan Marti,Gerald G. J. Ernst Pdf

Volcanoes and the Environment is a comprehensive and accessible text incorporating contributions from some of the world's authorities in volcanology. This book is an indispensable guide for those interested in how volcanism affects our planet's environment. It spans a wide variety of topics from geology to climatology and ecology; it also considers the economic and social impacts of volcanic activity on humans. Topics covered include how volcanoes shape the environment, their effect on the geological cycle, atmosphere and climate, impacts on health of living on active volcanoes, volcanism and early life, effects of eruptions on plant and animal life, large eruptions and mass extinctions, and the impact of volcanic disasters on the economy. This book is intended for students and researchers interested in environmental change from the fields of earth and environmental science, geography, ecology and social science. It will also interest policy makers and professionals working on natural hazards.

Living Under the Shadow

John Grattan,Robin Torrence
Living Under the Shadow Book PDF

Author : John Grattan,Robin Torrence
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2016-06-03
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781315425160

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Living Under the Shadow by John Grattan,Robin Torrence Pdf

Popularist treatments of ancient disasters like volcanic eruptions have grossly overstated their capacity for death, destruction, and societal collapse. Contributors to this volume—from anthropology, archaeology, environmental studies, geology, and biology—show that human societies have been incredibly resilient and, in the long run, have often recovered remarkably well from wide scale disruption and significant mortality. They have often used eruptions as a trigger for environmental enrichment, cultural change, and adaptation. These historical studies are relevant to modern hazard management because they provide records for a far wider range of events and responses than have been recorded in written records, yet are often closely datable and trackable using standard archaeological and geological techniques. Contributors also show the importance of traditional knowledge systems in creating a cultural memory of dangerous locations and community responses to disaster. The global and temporal coverage of the research reported is impressive, comprising studies from North and Central America, Europe, Asia, and the Pacific, and ranging in time from the Middle Palaeolithic to the modern day.

Volcanoes in Human History

Jelle Zeilinga de Boer,Donald Theodore Sanders
Volcanoes in Human History Book PDF

Author : Jelle Zeilinga de Boer,Donald Theodore Sanders
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2012-01-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781400842858

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Volcanoes in Human History by Jelle Zeilinga de Boer,Donald Theodore Sanders Pdf

When the volcano Tambora erupted in Indonesia in 1815, as many as 100,000 people perished as a result of the blast and an ensuing famine caused by the destruction of rice fields on Sumbawa and neighboring islands. Gases and dust particles ejected into the atmosphere changed weather patterns around the world, resulting in the infamous ''year without a summer'' in North America, food riots in Europe, and a widespread cholera epidemic. And the gloomy weather inspired Mary Shelley to write the gothic novel Frankenstein. This book tells the story of nine such epic volcanic events, explaining the related geology for the general reader and exploring the myriad ways in which the earth's volcanism has affected human history. Zeilinga de Boer and Sanders describe in depth how volcanic activity has had long-lasting effects on societies, cultures, and the environment. After introducing the origins and mechanisms of volcanism, the authors draw on ancient as well as modern accounts--from folklore to poetry and from philosophy to literature. Beginning with the Bronze Age eruption that caused the demise of Minoan Crete, the book tells the human and geological stories of eruptions of such volcanoes as Vesuvius, Krakatau, Mount Pelée, and Tristan da Cunha. Along the way, it shows how volcanism shaped religion in Hawaii, permeated Icelandic mythology and literature, caused widespread population migrations, and spurred scientific discovery. From the prodigious eruption of Thera more than 3,600 years ago to the relative burp of Mount St. Helens in 1980, the results of volcanism attest to the enduring connections between geology and human destiny. Some images inside the book are unavailable due to digital copyright restrictions.

Global Volcanic Hazards and Risk

Susan C. Loughlin,Robert Stephen John Sparks,Steve Sparks,Sarah K. Brown,Susanna F. Jenkins,Charlotte Vye-Brown
Global Volcanic Hazards and Risk Book PDF

Author : Susan C. Loughlin,Robert Stephen John Sparks,Steve Sparks,Sarah K. Brown,Susanna F. Jenkins,Charlotte Vye-Brown
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2015-07-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781107111752

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Global Volcanic Hazards and Risk by Susan C. Loughlin,Robert Stephen John Sparks,Steve Sparks,Sarah K. Brown,Susanna F. Jenkins,Charlotte Vye-Brown Pdf

The first comprehensive assessment of global volcanic hazards and risk, with detailed regional profiles, for the disaster risk reduction community. Also available as Open Access.

Volcanic Eruptions and Their Repose, Unrest, Precursors, and Timing

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Seismology and Geodynamics,Committee on Improving Understanding of Volcanic Eruptions
Volcanic Eruptions and Their Repose Unrest Precursors and Timing Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Seismology and Geodynamics,Committee on Improving Understanding of Volcanic Eruptions
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 135 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2017-07-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309454155

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Volcanic Eruptions and Their Repose, Unrest, Precursors, and Timing by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Seismology and Geodynamics,Committee on Improving Understanding of Volcanic Eruptions Pdf

Volcanic eruptions are common, with more than 50 volcanic eruptions in the United States alone in the past 31 years. These eruptions can have devastating economic and social consequences, even at great distances from the volcano. Fortunately many eruptions are preceded by unrest that can be detected using ground, airborne, and spaceborne instruments. Data from these instruments, combined with basic understanding of how volcanoes work, form the basis for forecasting eruptionsâ€"where, when, how big, how long, and the consequences. Accurate forecasts of the likelihood and magnitude of an eruption in a specified timeframe are rooted in a scientific understanding of the processes that govern the storage, ascent, and eruption of magma. Yet our understanding of volcanic systems is incomplete and biased by the limited number of volcanoes and eruption styles observed with advanced instrumentation. Volcanic Eruptions and Their Repose, Unrest, Precursors, and Timing identifies key science questions, research and observation priorities, and approaches for building a volcano science community capable of tackling them. This report presents goals for making major advances in volcano science.

The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes

Haraldur Sigurdsson,Bruce Houghton,Steve McNutt,Hazel Rymer,John Stix
The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes Book PDF

Author : Haraldur Sigurdsson,Bruce Houghton,Steve McNutt,Hazel Rymer,John Stix
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 1447 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2015-03-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780123859396

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The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes by Haraldur Sigurdsson,Bruce Houghton,Steve McNutt,Hazel Rymer,John Stix Pdf

Volcanoes are unquestionably one of the most spectacular and awe-inspiring features of the physical world. Our paradoxical fascination with them stems from their majestic beauty and powerful, sometimes deadly, destructiveness. Notwithstanding the tremendous advances in volcanology since ancient times, some of the mystery surrounding volcanic eruptions remains today. The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes summarizes our present knowledge of volcanoes; it provides a comprehensive source of information on the causes of volcanic eruptions and both the destructive and beneficial effects. The early chapters focus on the science of volcanism (melting of source rocks, ascent of magma, eruption processes, extraterrestrial volcanism, etc.). Later chapters discuss human interface with volcanoes, including the history of volcanology, geothermal energy resources, interaction with the oceans and atmosphere, health aspects of volcanism, mitigation of volcanic disasters, post-eruption ecology, and the impact of eruptions on organismal biodiversity. Provides the only comprehensive reference work to cover all aspects of volcanology Written by nearly 100 world experts in volcanology Explores an integrated transition from the physical process of eruptions through hazards and risk, to the social face of volcanism, with an emphasis on how volcanoes have influenced and shaped society Presents hundreds of color photographs, maps, charts and illustrations making this an aesthetically appealing reference Glossary of 3,000 key terms with definitions of all key vocabulary items in the field is included

Eruptions that Shook the World

Clive Oppenheimer
Eruptions that Shook the World Book PDF

Author : Clive Oppenheimer
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2011-05-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781139496391

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Eruptions that Shook the World by Clive Oppenheimer Pdf

What does it take for a volcanic eruption to really shake the world? Did volcanic eruptions extinguish the dinosaurs, or help humans to evolve, only to decimate their populations with a super-eruption 73,000 years ago? Did they contribute to the ebb and flow of ancient empires, the French Revolution and the rise of fascism in Europe in the 19th century? These are some of the claims made for volcanic cataclysm. Volcanologist Clive Oppenheimer explores rich geological, historical, archaeological and palaeoenvironmental records (such as ice cores and tree rings) to tell the stories behind some of the greatest volcanic events of the past quarter of a billion years. He shows how a forensic approach to volcanology reveals the richness and complexity behind cause and effect, and argues that important lessons for future catastrophe risk management can be drawn from understanding events that took place even at the dawn of human origins.

Ecological Responses to the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens

Virginia H. Dale,Frederick J. Swanson,Charles M. Crisafulli
Ecological Responses to the 1980 Eruption of Mount St Helens Book PDF

Author : Virginia H. Dale,Frederick J. Swanson,Charles M. Crisafulli
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2006-01-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387281506

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Ecological Responses to the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens by Virginia H. Dale,Frederick J. Swanson,Charles M. Crisafulli Pdf

The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens caused tragic loss of life and property, but also created a unique opportunity to study a huge disturbance of natural systems and their subsequent responses. This book synthesizes 25 years of ecological research into of volcanic activity, and shows what actually happens when a volcano erupts, what the immediate and long-term dangers are, and how life reasserts itself in the environment.

Ecological Responses at Mount St. Helens: Revisited 35 years after the 1980 Eruption

Charles M. Crisafulli,Virginia H. Dale
Ecological Responses at Mount St Helens Revisited 35 years after the 1980 Eruption Book PDF

Author : Charles M. Crisafulli,Virginia H. Dale
Publisher : Springer
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2018-01-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781493974511

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Ecological Responses at Mount St. Helens: Revisited 35 years after the 1980 Eruption by Charles M. Crisafulli,Virginia H. Dale Pdf

This book builds on existing work exploring succession, disturbance ecology, and the interface between geophysical and biological systems in the aftermath of the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens. The eruption was dramatic both in the spatial extent of impacts and the range of volcanic disturbance types and intensities. Complex geophysical forces created unparalleled opportunities to study initial ecological responses and long-term succession processes that occur in response to a major contemporary eruption across a great diversity of ecosystems—lowland to alpine forests, meadows, lakes, streams, and rivers. These factors make Mount St. Helens an extremely rich environment for learning about the ecology of volcanic areas and, more generally, about ecosystem response to major disturbance of many types, including land management. Lessons about ecological recovery at Mount St. Helens are shaping thought about succession, disturbance ecology, ecosystem management, and landscape ecology. In the first five years after the eruption several syntheses documented the numerous, intensive studies of ecological recovery. The 2005 volume “Ecological Responses to the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens” (Springer Publishing) was the first ecological synthesis since 1987 of the scores of ecological studies underway in the area. More than half of the world’s published studies on plant and animal responses to volcanic eruptions have taken place at Mount St. Helens. The 25-year synthesis, which generally included investigations (i.e., data) from 1980-2000, made it possible to more thoroughly analyze initial stages of ecological responses and to test the validity of early interpretations and the duration of early phenomena. And 35 years after the eruption, it is time for many of the scientists working in the first three-decade, post-eruption period to pass the science baton to the next generation of scientists to work at Mount St. Helens, and a synt hesis a t this time of transfer of responsibility to a younger cohort of scientists will be an enormous asset to the continuation of work at the volcano.

Volcanic Lakes

Dmitri Rouwet,Bruce Christenson,Franco Tassi,Jean Vandemeulebrouck
Volcanic Lakes Book PDF

Author : Dmitri Rouwet,Bruce Christenson,Franco Tassi,Jean Vandemeulebrouck
Publisher : Springer
Page : 533 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2015-03-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642368332

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Volcanic Lakes by Dmitri Rouwet,Bruce Christenson,Franco Tassi,Jean Vandemeulebrouck Pdf

This book aims to give an overview on the present state of volcanic lake research, covering topics such as volcano monitoring, the chemistry, dynamics and degassing of acidic crater lakes, mass-energy-chemical-isotopic balance approaches, limnology and degassing of Nyos-type lakes, the impact on the human and natural environment, the eruption products and impact of crater lake breaching eruptions, numerical modeling of gas clouds and lake eruptions, thermo-hydro-mechanical and deformation modeling, CO2 fluxes from lakes, volcanic lakes observed from space, biological activity, continuous monitoring techniques, and some aspects more. We hope to offer an updated manual on volcanic lake research, providing classic research methods, and point towards a more high-tech approach of future volcanic lake research and continuous monitoring.

Volcanoes

John P. Lockwood,Richard W. Hazlett
Volcanoes Book PDF

Author : John P. Lockwood,Richard W. Hazlett
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 677 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118687949

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Volcanoes by John P. Lockwood,Richard W. Hazlett Pdf

Volcanoes are essential elements in the delicate global balance of elemental forces that govern both the dynamic evolution of the Earth and the nature of Life itself. Without volcanic activity, life as we know it would not exist on our planet. Although beautiful to behold, volcanoes are also potentially destructive, and understanding their nature is critical to prevent major loss of life in the future. Richly illustrated with over 300 original color photographs and diagrams the book is written in an informal manner, with minimum use of jargon, and relies heavily on first-person, eye-witness accounts of eruptive activity at both "red" (effusive) and "grey" (explosive) volcanoes to illustrate the full spectrum of volcanic processes and their products. Decades of teaching in university classrooms and fieldwork on active volcanoes throughout the world have provided the authors with unique experiences that they have distilled into a highly readable textbook of lasting value. Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion, Suggestions for Further Reading, and a comprehensive list of source references make this work a major resource for further study of volcanology. Volcanoes maintains three core foci: Global perspectives explain volcanoes in terms of their tectonic positions on Earth and their roles in earth history Environmental perspectives describe the essential role of volcanism in the moderation of terrestrial climate and atmosphere Humanitarian perspectives discuss the major influences of volcanoes on human societies. This latter is especially important as resource scarcities and environmental issues loom over our world, and as increasing numbers of people are threatened by volcanic hazards Readership Volcanologists, advanced undergraduate, and graduate students in earth science and related degree courses, and volcano enthusiasts worldwide. A companion website is also available for this title at www.wiley.com/go/lockwood/volcanoes

Volcanoes

Richard V. Fisher,Grant Heiken,Jeffrey Hulen
Volcanoes Book PDF

Author : Richard V. Fisher,Grant Heiken,Jeffrey Hulen
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2021-10-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691238210

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Volcanoes by Richard V. Fisher,Grant Heiken,Jeffrey Hulen Pdf

Whenever a volcano threatens to erupt, scientists and adventurers from around the world flock to the site in response to the irresistible allure of one of nature's most dangerous and unpredictable phenomena. In a unique book probing the science and mystery of these fiery features, the authors chronicle not only their geologic behavior but also their profound effect on human life. From Mount Vesuvius to Mount St. Helens, the book covers the surprisingly large variety of volcanoes, the subtle to conspicuous signs preceding their eruptions, and their far-reaching atmospheric consequences. Here scientific facts take on a very human dimension, as the authors draw upon actual encounters with volcanoes, often through firsthand accounts of those who have witnessed eruptions and miraculously survived the aftermath. The book begins with a description of the lethal May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens--complete with an explanation of how safety officials and scientists tried to predict events, and how unsuspecting campers and loggers miles away struggled against terrifying blasts of ash, stone, and heat. The story moves quickly to the ways volcanoes have enhanced our lives, creating mineral-rich land, clean thermal energy, and haunting landscapes that in turn benefit agriculture, recreation, mining, and commerce. Religion and psychology embroider the account, as the authors explore the impact of volcanoes on the human psyche through tales of the capricious volcano gods and attempts to appease them, ranging from simple homage to horrific ritual sacrifice. Volcanoes concludes by assisting readers in experiencing these geological phenomena for themselves. An unprecedented "tourist guide to volcanoes" outlines over forty sites throughout the world. Not only will travelers find information on where to go and how to get there, they will also learn what precautions to take at each volcano. Tourists, amateur naturalists, and armchair travelers alike will find their scientific curiosity whetted by this informative and entertaining book.

Volcanic Hazards

R. J. Blong
Volcanic Hazards Book PDF

Author : R. J. Blong
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 441 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1984-12-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781483288208

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Volcanic Hazards by R. J. Blong Pdf

Volcanic Hazards: A Sourcebook on the Effects of Eruptions provides a comprehensive discussion of volcanic eruptions and their effects. This volume provides background data on volcanic activity with attention directed specifically at those types of activity and those characteristics which are hazardous. It establishes the direct effects of volcanic eruptions on humans in terms of death and injuries, and social aspects such as perception of eruption hazards, evacuation, panic, looting, and religious beliefs. It discusses the indirect consequences of volcanic eruptions for humans by illustrating the effects on buildings, utilities, communication networks and machinery, agriculture, and commercial activity. This book should be of interest to planners, engineers, city administrators, agriculturalists, and emergency services personnel who must deal with the effects of volcanic hazards; to volcanologists and geologists who did not know eruptions affected so many things; to geographers, environmentalists, and natural hazard scientists who are interested in the interrelatedness of phenomena; and to citizens who have experienced, or might yet experience, some of these effects.

Natural Disasters and Cultural Change

John Grattan,Robin Torrence
Natural Disasters and Cultural Change Book PDF

Author : John Grattan,Robin Torrence
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2003-08-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781134604913

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Natural Disasters and Cultural Change by John Grattan,Robin Torrence Pdf

Human cultures have been interacting with natural hazards since the dawn of time. This book explores these interactions in detail and revisits some famous catastrophes including the eruptions of Thera and Vesuvius. These studies demonstrate that diverse human cultures had well-developed strategies which facilitated their response to extreme natural events.