Voluntary Export Restraints And Resource Allocation In Exporting Countries
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Voluntary Export Restraints and Resource Allocation in Exporting Countries by Jaime De Melo,L. Alan Winters Pdf
By reducing the marginal revenue of the factors of production , a voluntary export restraint (VER) causes an exporting country's industry to contract. Efficiency losses depend on whether sales can be diverted from restricted to unrestricted markets. A VER is likely to produce a welfare loss if demand is relatively elastic and supply is not.
Regional Integration Under VERs by David G. Tarr Pdf
The creation of a North American free trade area and other trading blocs is likely to result in trade diversion in sectors where protection is exercised through voluntary export restraints (VERs). Such trade diversion will benefit the improving country but will hurt exporting countries outside the trading bloc.
Do Exporters Gain from Voluntary Export Restraints? by Jaime De Melo,L. Alan Winters Pdf
The results of the model developed here are a strong indictment of VERs. For most plausible parameter values, VERs redirect exports, reduce the size of industries for which countries have comparative advantage, and cause overall economic losses -- especially if the affected industry is large in the market for its factors of production.
Developing Countries In The World Economy by Jaime De Melo Pdf
Differences in the choices of trade and macro policies, both by developing countries and by developed countries towards developing countries, have been critical in determining the overall performance of developing countries. All too often, the performance of developing countries has not been assessed using appropriately conducted studies. The papers in this book are chosen to bridge this gap and show how a quantitative approach to policy evaluation can help resolve controversies and explain the choice of observed policies.The book brings together carefully selected papers that assess the impacts of various trade and macro policies, by quantifying the policies of developing countries at the macro level (exchange rate, investment, savings) and at the sector level (trade and industrial policies), in addition to policies of developed countries towards developing countries (trade preferences, quotas, VERs and migration policies). Facets of the political economy of trade, migration, and climate policies are explored (such as the enlargement of the EU, the rise of regionalism and how it can ease the pains of adjustment to trade liberalization, openness and inequality). Growing tensions between trade and the environment are also investigated. In short, this book covers a wide area of events ranging from external and internal shocks to external and internal policies, showing how the consequences of these events can be brought to rigorous quantitative analysis.
The Economics of Export Embargoes by Per Lundborg Pdf
Export embargoes are imposed in the belief that enough economic damage will be inflicted on the target country to make it change course on some key political point. However, export embargoes also have economic consequences for producers in the country which imposes the embargo and for producers in third party countries. This book, first published in 1987, analyses the economic effects of export embargoes. It presents much general analysis on the topic and goes on, making use of a model, to examine in detail the 1980 US embargo on grain sales to the Soviet Union. Among the book’s findings is the importance of expectations concerning how long the embargo will last in determining both the success of the embargo and the impact on produces in the country imposing the embargo.
International Trade Modelling by m Dagenais,Pierre-Alain Muet Pdf
In recent years, international trade has become a subject of increaed practical importance and also one of the most intellectually exciting parts of economics. In his introduction to this volume, Paul Krugman outlines why this is so, by analysing the original contribution of the New Trade Theory in interpreting and explaining the observed trade behaviour of the past twenty years. Then follow sections which discuss: formal tests of the New Trade Theory, Price Discrimination and Exchange Rate, as well as New Protectionism, measures of Comparative Advantages and Import Demand in industrialized and developing countries. Some chapters also use GCE models to evaluate Trade Protectionism, while others encompass External Trade within aggregate Disequilibrium Models.
How Should Tariffs be Structured? by Arvind Panagariya Pdf
Should all imports be taxed at uniform rates? Should intermediate inputs be subject to import duties? If so, should duty drawbacks play a role in exports?
Cost Recovery Strategy for Rural Water Delivery in Nigeria by Anonim Pdf
Kiosk systems with metered private connections for some households appear to be the most promising way to recover costs and meet consumers' cash flow needs (and counter their reluctance to pay in advance for a service they are not sure the government will deliver). Kiosk systems can provide cheaper, better, and more reliable water than water vendors do.
The Response of Japanese and U.s. Steel Prices to Changes in the Yen-dollar Exchange Rate by Panayotis N. Varangis,Ronald C. Duncan Pdf
The yen- dollar exchange rate is not fully passed through in steel prices. Changes in Japanese steel prices lag six months behind changes in U.S. prices.
