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Author : Cecil Eprile
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1955
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:641624122
Author : Francis M. Deng
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 604 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2011-10-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0815723695
The civil war that has intermittently raged in the Sudan since independence in 1956 is, according to Francis Deng, a conflict of contrasting and seemingly incompatible identities in the Northern and Southern parts of the country. Identity is seen as a function of how people identify themselves and are identified in racial, ethnic, cultural, linguistic, and religious terms. The identity question related to how such concepts determine or influence participation and distribution in the political, economic, social, and cultural life of the country. War of Visions aims at shedding light on the anomalies of the identity conflict. The competing models in the Sudan are the Arab-Islamic mold of the North, representing two-thirds of the country in territory and population, and the remaining Southern third, which is indigenously African in race, ethnicity, culture, and religion, with an educated Christianized elite. But although the North is popularly defined as racially Arab, the people are a hybrid of Arab and African elements, with the African physical characteristics predominating in most tribal groups. This configuration is the result of a historical process that stratified races, cultures, and religions, and fostered a "passing" into the Arab-Islamic mold that discriminated against the African race and cultures. The outcome of this process is a polarization that is based more on myth than on the realities of the situation. The identity crisis has been further complicated by the fact that Northerners want to fashion the country on the basis of their Arab- Islamic identity, while the South is decidedly resistant. Francis Deng presents three alternative approaches to the identity crisis. First, he argues that by bringing to the surface the realities of the African elements of identity in the North-- thereby revealing characteristics shared by all Sudanese--a new basis for the creation of a common identity could be established that fosters equitable
Author : Edgar O'Ballance
Publisher : Hamden, Conn. : Archon Books
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1977
Category : History
ISBN : STANFORD:36105081229937
Author : Manṣūr Khālid
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 555 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Sudan
ISBN : 9780710306630
First Published in 2003. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Author : S. Poggo
Publisher : Springer
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2008-12-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780230617988
This book is a comprehensive investigation, discussion, and analysis of the origins and development of the first civil war in the Sudan, which occurred between 1955 and1972. It was the culmination of ethnic, racial, cultural, religious, political, and economic problems that had faced the Sudan since the Turco-Egyptian conquest of the country in 1821. The hostilities between the Northern and Southern regions of the Sudan also involved foreign powers that had their own geopolitical interests in the country. The first Sudanese civil war is a classic example of intra-regional and inter-regional conflicts in Africa in the 20th century.
Author : Cecil Eprile
Publisher : Newton Abbot : David & Charles
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015008298328
Author : Hilde F. Johnson
Publisher : Apollo Books
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : History
ISBN : 1845194586
Sudan is at a crossroads. The country could soon witness one of the first partitions of an African state since the colonial era. The 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement guarantees a referendum on self determination for Southern Sudan, which is scheduled for January 2011. The agreement ended a 20-year old civil war pitting the indigenous population against successive Arab Muslim regimes in Khartoum. By the late 1990s, the international community had largely judged the war insoluble and turned its attention elsewhere. Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, a peace process between the government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement and Army (SPLM/A) took hold. Waging Peace in Sudan shows how that war, which ultimately claimed two million deaths and twice as many displaced, was finally brought to an end. The talks were facilitated by Intergovernmental Authority on Development under Kenyan leadership, and supported by a 'Troika' of the US, UK, and Norway - whose intense engagement in the negotiations was critical for reaching the peace agreement in January 2005. Although the cast of characters in this drama ranged from President George W. Bush and Secretary of State Colin Powell to unnamed officials in East African hotels, two figures stood out: the SPLM/A Chairman, Dr. John Garang, and Ali Osman Taha, First Vice President of Sudan. Norwegian Minister of International Development Hilde F. Johnson's personal relationships with these two leaders gave her unique access and provided the basis for her pivotal role in the negotiations. She was party to virtually all their deliberations throughout this crucial period of Sudanese and African history. Waging Peace in Sudan describes this process from a unique, insider's perspective. Johnson's account provides a level of detail seldom achieved in works of contemporary African history and diplomacy. As Sudan soon faces the most decisive moment in its history, this book is indispensable reading.
Author : Justin D. Leach
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2012-11-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9781786733702
On 9 July 2011, South Sudan became an independent state after more than half a century of civil conflict wrought with human rights abuse. Indeed, the post-colonial history of Sudan has been characterised by two Civil Wars spanning almost two decades each: the first from 1955-1972 and the second from 1983-2005. With questions of national and regional identity at the heart of the conflict, the Sudanese Civil Wars have highlighted key questions about the post-colonial epoch. Justin Leach's War and Politics in the Sudan offers a comparative analysis of the First and Second Sudanese Civil Wars, along with the peace treaties which ended them. Most historians have seen the 1972 Addis Ababa Agreement as a stepping stone to renewed civil conflict in 1983 rather than as a settlement in its own right. Leach, on the other hand, believes that the size of Sudan precludes the application of traditional theories of conflict resolution. The introduction of natural resources brought a new facet to the already complex Second Sudanese Civil War. Oil, for instance, internationalised the conflict and added yet another prism through which groups in the conflict could view their identity. By tracing the evolving demands of the southern insurgents and the regimes they fought against, Leach outlines the main challenges to the Sudanese nationalist project, including the strength of southern regional identities, the resurgence of political Islam in the north as well as the sheer duration of the conflict. War and Politics in the Sudan thus offers a fresh and timely analysis of a region long beset by civil conflict, interethnic violence and poverty, a region whose historical narrative has recently taken on a new trajectory. Those interested in post-colonial Sudanese history are sure to find Leach's arguments both persuasive and pertinent.
Author : Robert Edgerton
Publisher : Basic Books
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2009-03-25
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780786740093
Africa's Armies traces the military history of sub-Saharan Africa from the pre-colonial era to the present. Robert Edgerton begins this sweeping chronicle by describing the role of African armies in pre-colonial times, when armed forces or militias were essential to the maintenance and prosperity of their societies. During the colonial era, African soldiers fought with death-defying courage, earning such respect as warriors that they were often recruited into the colonial armies not simply to enforce colonial rule in Africa, but to fight for the European homelands as well. After independence swept through Africa, African military men seized political power in country after country, ruling dictatorially for their own benefit and for that of their kinsmen and cronies. The author describes the post-colonial civil wars that have devastated much of sub-Saharan Africa -- catastrophes marked by genocide, famine, disease, economic collapse, and steadily declining life expectancy. He closes by describing the role that Africa's military forces can and must play if the future is to bring better times to the continent's many peoples.
Author : Øystein H. Rolandsen,M. W. Daly
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2016-07-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9780521116312
South Sudan is the world's youngest independent country. This book provides a general history of the new country.
Author : Scopas Sekwat Poggo
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 772 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Civil war
ISBN : STANFORD:36105073505567
Author : Richard Barltrop
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2010-11-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780857718945
Darfur has become synonymous with suffering. A vast, remote and poor region, Darfur has been torn by armed conflict and humanitarian crises, and haunted by the spectres of ethnic cleansing and genocide. After it broke onto the international stage in 2004 and grew into one of the world's worst humanitarian crises, the Darfur conflict presented the international community with dramatic challenges. How could the international community stop the fighting in Darfur? How could it save lives and help the two million people displaced by the conflict? And how could the international community - or those who wanted to act - bring about peace in Darfur and at the same time ensure that the Comprehensive Peace Agreement for the wider war between 1983 and 2005 was implemented? Here, Richard Barltrop draws on original research inside and outside Sudan, including extensive interviews with Sudanese and others who have been involved in Sudan's conflicts, politics and peace talks since 1983 and before, and official Sudanese and international sources. Tracing the history of international responses to the conflicts in Sudan, Barltrop investigates what determined the outcomes of international mediation and relief in Sudan. He shows that Darfur must be seen within the wider pattern of conflict in Sudan, and that both Sudan and the international community have missed opportunities to respond more effectively to the fundamental drivers of conflict in the country. As he explains, lessons should be drawn from this for Sudan and for the practice of conflict resolution elsewhere in the world today and in the future. This ground-breaking and insightful book offers crucial analysis for policymakers, mediators and humanitarian and development workers, as well as students and general readers who wish to deepen their understanding of Africa's largest country and the major political and humanitarian challenges it has posed for the international community.
Author : Sebabatso C. Manoeli
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2019-12-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9783030287719
The book offers a history of the discourses and diplomacies of Sudan’s civil wars. It explores the battle for legitimacy between the Sudanese state and Southern rebels. In particular, it examines how racial thought and rhetoric were used in international debates about the political destiny of the South. By placing the state and rebels within the same frame, the book uncovers the competition for Sudan’s reputation. It reveals the discursive techniques both sides employed to elicit support from diverse audiences, amidst the intellectual ferment of Pan-Africanism, the Cold War, and Black liberation politics. It maintains that the interplay of silences and articulations in both the rebels' and the state’s texts concealed and complicated aspects of the country’s political conflict. In sum, the book demonstrates that the war of words waged abroad represents a strategic, but often overlooked, aspect of the Sudanese civil wars.
Author : Omer Shurkian
Publisher : Austin Macauley Publishers
Page : 474 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2021-02-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9781528971768
Sudan has been pitted by the most brutal civil wars in Africa, which began just prior to its independence in 1956. The root causes of these wars are too many, notably the forcible Islamisation and Arabisation of diverse peoples by all successive governments. These two contentious policies are always a cloak for racism against the indigenous population of the country, have adversely contributed to schism between secularists and Islamists, fuelled identity crisis and caused unimaginable human rights violations. The book discusses the early signs of conflict in the former Closed Districts and the harbinger of unforeseen crisis, which was predicted by a sagacious politician amid the stubbornness of Northern elites and the leaders of sectarian parties. In spite of the looming crises, these pre- and post-independence politicians were jockeying for power that was left over by the departing colonialists. This work also focuses on the conflict in each region of what was once classified as a Closed District and the brutal crackdown by the Khartoum regimes against defenceless civilians. The ferocity of civil war in every war-torn area caused the loss of lives and property, created thousands of internally displaced persons and drove thousands more into neighbouring countries as refugees eking out a frugal living in refugee camps. The thesis also discusses peace initiatives, the stumbling blocks, their outcomes and failures to materialise into a concrete accord; it proposes how the crisis of governance in Sudan can be settled politically and peacefully once and for all.
Author : Isidor Wallimann,Michael N. Dobkowski
Publisher : Syracuse University Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2000-03-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0815628285
In the preface to this 2000 edition, the authors point out that with the advent of the millennium, it is important to take stock of the 20th century, which has been labelled as the Age of Genocide.
