Wars Without End A New Mechanism For World Peace

Author : B.A. Zikria MD FACS
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2020-11-09
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781664125988

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Wars Without End: a New Mechanism for World Peace by B.A. Zikria MD FACS Pdf

After arrival, I visited museums and monuments in Washington D.C. I had a peak-experience reading Thomas Jefferson’s writing in the dome of the monument, “I have sworn upon the alter of God, eternal hostility against every form of tyranny over the mind of man.” Ever since, my faith in democracy has become unshakable. I dedicate this book to the people of America to relit the torch of democracy for its revival and survival. In the course of history, humanity has struggled to survive, to live with less threats, exercising its free will for comfort and safety. The book is based on all sources of knowledge to find out the probability of victory of constructive forces for peace vs. destructive forces, to allow the realization of World Peace. Professor Audrey Cronin discovered the criteria of permanent neutrality’s success for Switzerland. Comparing it with Afghanistan, she found that there is a good probability for Afghanistan to become a permanently neutral (PN) nation. The author extended the same logic for achieving sustainable World Peace. Of 193 member-states of United Nation 170 meek nations demanding PN, eventually others finding it to their interest also, would guarantee their right for permanent neutrality by the Security Council of the United Nations.

Author : Carter R. Johnson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 139 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2021-08-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000414493

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Partition and Peace in Civil Wars by Carter R. Johnson Pdf

This book examines whether partition is an effective means to resolve ethnic and sectarian civil wars. It argues that partition is unlikely to end ongoing ethnosectarian civil wars, but it can increase the likelihood of preventing civil war recurrence, as long as the partition separates civilians and militaries. The book presents in-depth case studies of Georgia–Abkhazia and Moldova–Transnistria, in addition to cross-national comparisons of all ethnosectarian civil wars between 1945 and 2004. This analysis demonstrates when partitioning a country can help transform an identity-based civil war into a lasting peace. Highlighting practical and moral challenges of separating ethnosectarian groups, the book contends that complete partitions cannot be easily implemented by the international community, and this limits their applicability. It also demonstrates that ethnosectarian civil wars are driven less by inter-group antagonisms and more by state breakdown, meaning displaced minorities can reintegrate peacefully after partition as long as a minimal level of state-building has been completed. The book ends by examining whether partition would be useful for five contemporary conflicts: Iraq, Ukraine–Donbass, Afghanistan, Sudan–South Sudan, and Serbia–Kosovo. This book will be of much interest to students of civil wars, ethnic conflict, peace and conflict studies, and international relations.

Author : Peter N. Stearns
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2014-04-03
Category : History
ISBN : 9781134757145

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Peace in World History by Peter N. Stearns Pdf

In Peace in World History, Peter N. Stearns examines the ideas of peace that have existed throughout history, and how societies have sought to put them into practice. Beginning with the status of peace in early hunter-gatherer and agricultural societies, and continuing through the present day, the narrative gives students a clear view of the ways people across the world have understood and striven to achieve peace throughout history. Topics covered include: Comparison of the ‘pax Romana’ and ‘pax Sinica’ of Rome and China Concepts of peace in Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam, and their historical impact The place of peace in the periods of expanding empires The emergence, starting in the 19th century, of formal schemes to promote peace amid increasingly destructive technologies for warfare Moving away from the view of history as a series of military conflicts, Peace in World History offers a new way of looking at world history by focusing on peace. Showing how concepts of peace have evolved over time even as they have been challenged by war and conflict, this lively and engaging narrative enables students to consider peace as a human possibility.

Author : S. Yaqub Ibrahimi
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 233 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780472902897

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International Security in a World of Fragile States by S. Yaqub Ibrahimi Pdf

Following the 9/11 attacks on New York and Washington, DC, there has been an increasing interest among scholars, students, and the interested public to study and learn about the Islamist-oriented terrorist organizations called Jihadi Salafi Groups (JSGs). Considering that these organizations emerged in highly fragile states, S. Yaqub Ibrahimi asks: how and why is state fragility linked to the emergence of JSGs? Ibrahimi bases his study on three events: the establishment of al-Qaeda in Afghanistan in 1998, the rise of Islamic State in the post-Saddam Hussein Iraq, and the failed al-Qaeda effort to establish a base in Saudi Arabia in 2003. These case studies contain major aspects and features of the rise of JSGs and, together, explain the contribution of state fragility to the process of the formation and expansion of these terrorist organizations. International Security in a World of Fragile States stands out as a pivotal work on the interconnection between the root causes of JSGs and state fragility conditions and their amalgamated role in the formation and evolution of these organizations. It contributes to IR and international security debates by developing a comprehensive but readily understandable narrative of the rise of JSGs in Islamic countries, and examining them in an analytical framework in which their root causes are categorized on individual, group, and international levels.

Author : United States. Congress
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 608 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1967
Category : Law
ISBN : UCR:31210025940410

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Congressional Record by United States. Congress Pdf

Author : Richard Ned Lebow
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 556 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2020-08-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783030434434

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Between Peace and War by Richard Ned Lebow Pdf

This is an updated edition of the now-classic original of the same title. It has three new substantial chapters: a prologue, a chapter on new evidence on World War I, and an epilogue. The updated edition contains the now-famous typology of international crisis, the original critique of deterrence, the emphasis on agency, and the turn to political psychology to explain sharp departures from rational policy-making. The new chapters update and reevaluate these arguments and approach a critical hindsight assessment in light of post-Cold War developments.

Author : Leslie Griffiths,Jennifer Potter
Publisher : Epworth Press
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Political Science
ISBN : UOM:39015070684645

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World Without End? by Leslie Griffiths,Jennifer Potter Pdf

The authors analyze the current world situation as one of increased and increasing complexity in which traditional answers and solutions can no longer hold. They conclude that new ways of responding are needed in a world that is dominated by one superpower and shaped by a tapestry of local crises.

Author : Anne Orford,Florian Hoffmann
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 1000 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2016-09-22
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780191005565

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The Oxford Handbook of the Theory of International Law by Anne Orford,Florian Hoffmann Pdf

The Oxford Handbook of International Legal Theory provides an accessible and authoritative guide to the major thinkers, concepts, approaches, and debates that have shaped contemporary international legal theory. The Handbook features 48 original essays by leading international scholars from a wide range of traditions, nationalities, and perspectives, reflecting the richness and diversity of this dynamic field. The collection explores key questions and debates in international legal theory, offers new intellectual histories for the discipline, and provides fresh interpretations of significant historical figures, texts, and theoretical approaches. It provides a much-needed map of the field of international legal theory, and a guide to the main themes and debates that have driven theoretical work in international law. The Handbook will be an indispensable reference work for students, scholars, and practitioners seeking to gain an overview of current theoretical debates about the nature, function, foundations, and future role of international law.

Author : Margaret MacMillan
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 333 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2020-10-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9780735238039

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War: How Conflict Shaped Us by Margaret MacMillan Pdf

NATIONAL BESTSELLER SHORTLISTED for the 2021 Lionel Gelber Prize Thoughtful and brilliant insights into the very nature of war--from the ancient Greeks to modern times--from world-renowned historian Margaret MacMillan. War--its imprint in our lives and our memories--is all around us, from the metaphors we use to the names on our maps. As books, movies, and television series show, we are drawn to the history and depiction of war. Yet we nevertheless like to think of war as an aberration, as the breakdown of the normal state of peace. This is comforting but wrong. War is woven into the fabric of human civilization. In this sweeping new book, international bestselling author and historian Margaret MacMillan analyzes the tangled history of war and society and our complicated feelings towards it and towards those who fight. It explores the ways in which changes in society have affected the nature of war and how in turn wars have changed the societies that fight them, including the ways in which women have been both participants in and the objects of war. MacMillan's new book contains many revelations, such as war has often been good for science and innovation and in the 20th century it did much for the position of women in many societies. But throughout, it forces the reader to reflect on the ways in which war is so intertwined with society, and the myriad reasons we fight.

Author : Andrei Melville,Andre? I?Ur?evich Mel?vil?,Tat?i?a?na Shakleina
Publisher : Central European University Press
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2005-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9637326170

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Russian Foreign Policy in Transition by Andrei Melville,Andre? I?Ur?evich Mel?vil?,Tat?i?a?na Shakleina Pdf

Russian international relations has undergone profound changes in the last fifteen years that have effected both the Russian view of the world and the outside perspective of the Russian Federation. These changes will undoubtedly play an integral part of Russian foreign relations for years to come. And yet the question remains, how has Russian influence adapted to the post-Soviet world order? In this critical analysis, Andrei Melville sheds light on the complexities of Russian foreign policy from 1991 to 2004. Divided into three parts, the book presents official translated documents in the first section that outline, among other things, the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the military doctrine of the Russian Federation, and the agreement on security and cooperation between NATO and Russia. These documents are an essential first step in understanding the shape and context of Russian foreign policy from the demise of the Soviet Union up to the present. The second section of the book is composed of official statements from Russia leaders who are seeking to define the next generation of Russian international relations. Among the statements is Vladimir Putin's illuminating essay on Russia at the turn of the century. It is here where Putin defines the Russian policy of a strong state, efficient economy, and social solidarity. In addition, former Prime Minister Yevgeny Primakov provides a statement on the hopes and obstacles for international relations in the 21st century. The authors of the remaining three papers have also served as Prime Ministers or foreign ministers in the Russian government during the past decade. The final section of the book is composed ofanalysis from scholars and Russian foreign policy experts. The analysis addresses a wide range of topics from the crisis in Kosovo to Russian-Chinese relations. Here, the official documents, statements, and policies of the Russian Federation are cast in a different light, bringing to surface the tough questions, the challenges, and the promises that face Russian foreign policy in the future. Putin's "new course" or "foreign policy therapy" is analyzed by specialists who observe their subject at short range.

Author : Nathan E. Busch
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
Page : 524 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2024-05-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0813126762

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No End in Sight by Nathan E. Busch Pdf

The global threat of nuclear weapons is one of today's key policy issues. Using a wide variety of sources, including recently declassified information, Nathan E. Busch offers detailed examinations of the nuclear programs in the United States, Russia, China, Iraq, India, and Pakistan, as well as the emerging programs in Iran and North Korea. He also assesses the current debates in international relations over the risks associated with the proliferation of nuclear weapons in the post--Cold War world. Busch explores how our understanding of nuclear proliferation centers on theoretical disagreements about how best to explain and predict the behavior of states. His study bridges the gap between theory and empirical evidence by determining whether countries with nuclear weapons have adequate controls over their nuclear arsenals and fissile material stockpiles (such as highly enriched uranium and plutonium). Analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of various systems of nuclear weapons regulation, Busch projects what types of controls proliferating states are likely to employ and assesses the threat posed by the possible theft of fissile materials by aspiring nuclear states or by terrorists. No End in Sight provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of issues at the forefront of contemporary international affairs. With the resurgence of the threat of nuclear terrorism, Busch's insights and conclusions will prove critical to understanding the implications of nuclear proliferation.

Author : James Taylor Ranney
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2017-09-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9781351348744

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World Peace Through Law by James Taylor Ranney Pdf

This book deals with the history and future of the concept of ‘world peace through law’ (WPTL), which advocates replacing the use of international force with the global rule of law. WPTL calls for replacing war with the global rule of law by arms reductions, including the abolition of nuclear weapons, global alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, and various enforcement mechanisms. This book sets forth a three-part proposal: 1) arms reductions – primarily the abolition of nuclear weapons, with necessarily concomitant reductions in conventional forces; 2) a four-stage system of global alternative dispute resolution (ADR), utilizing both law and equity; 3) adequate enforcement mechanisms, including a UN Peace Force. The core of this proposal is alternative dispute resolution mechanisms—international ADR. International ADR would consist of a four-stage process of compulsory negotiation, compulsory mediation, compulsory arbitration., and compulsory adjudication by the World Court. The fundamental proposition of this book is that the use of alternatives to war, global ADR, is the ultimate solution to the problem of peace. The full implementation of WPTL will entail a vast array of progressive initiatives on many fronts, including abolition of nuclear weapons, with the global rule of law being the capstone to all of these developments. This book will be of great interest to students of peace studies, arms control, international law, and world politics.

Author : Tarja Väyrynen,Swati Parashar,Élise Féron,Catia Cecilia Confortini
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2021-03-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780429656767

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Routledge Handbook of Feminist Peace Research by Tarja Väyrynen,Swati Parashar,Élise Féron,Catia Cecilia Confortini Pdf

This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of feminist approaches to questions of violence, justice, and peace. The volume argues that critical feminist thinking is necessary to analyse core peace and conflict issues and is fundamental to thinking about solutions to global problems and promoting peaceful conflict transformation. Contributions to the volume consider questions at the intersection of feminism, gender, peace, justice, and violence through interdisciplinary perspectives. The handbook engages with multiple feminisms, diverse policy concerns, and works with diverse theoretical and methodological contributions. The volume covers the gendered nature of five major themes: • Methodologies and genealogies (including theories, concepts, histories, methodologies) • Politics, power, and violence (including the ways in which violence is created, maintained, and reproduced, and the gendered dynamics of its instantiations) • Institutional and societal interventions to promote peace (including those by national, regional, and international organisations, and civil society or informal groups/bodies) • Bodies, sexualities, and health (including sexual health, biopolitics, sexual orientation) • Global inequalities (including climate change, aid, global political economy). This handbook will be of great interest to students of peace and conflict studies, security studies, feminist studies, gender studies, international relations, and politics. Chapter 9 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Author : Michael N. Nagler,Marc Pilisuk
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 1207 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2010-12-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780313364792

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Peace Movements Worldwide by Michael N. Nagler,Marc Pilisuk Pdf

This three-volume anthology is a comprehensive overview of how the human yearning for peace has played out, and is playing out, on this planet. Peace Movements Worldwide is quite simply the most comprehensive work of its kind on this important subject. In its three volumes, experts document the history and growth of the peace movement, why it is important, who gets involved, and how it can succeed. Organized by major themes and issues, the work examines every facet of human striving for peace, from the global to the personal. The first volume, History and Vitality of Peace Movements, explores the meaning of peace—its historical, philosophical, and biological foundations and related spiritual, gender, social, and economic viewpoints. The second volume, Players and Practices in Resistance to War, discusses control over weapons, efforts to prevent and end violent conflict, and efforts to heal the traumatic aftereffects of violence. The third volume, Peace Efforts That Work and Why, looks at how mankind can build a new world order by building communities with a sustainable culture of peace.

Author : Vojtech Mastny,Zhu Liqun
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2013-12-16
Category : History
ISBN : 9780739187906

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The Legacy of the Cold War by Vojtech Mastny,Zhu Liqun Pdf

The unexpected end of the protracted conflict has been a sobering experience for scholars. No theory had anticipated how the Cold War would be terminated, and none should also be relied upon to explicate its legacy. But instead of relying on preconceived formulas to project past developments, taking a historical perspective to explain their causes and consequences allows one to better understand trends and their long-term significance. The present book takes such perspective, focusing on the evolution of security, its substance as well as its perception, the concurrent development of alliances and other cooperative structures for security, and their effectiveness in managing conflicts. In The Legacy of the Cold War Vojtech Mastny and Zhu Liqun bring together scholars to examine the worldwide effects of the Cold War on international security. Focusing on regions where the Cold War made the most enduring impact―the Euro-Atlantic area and East Asia―historians, political scientists, and international relations scholars explore alliances and other security measures during the Cold War and how they carry over into the twenty-first century.