Waste Immobilization In Glass And Ceramic Based Hosts
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Waste Immobilization in Glass and Ceramic Based Hosts by Ian W. Donald Pdf
The safe storage in glass-based materials of both radioactiveand non-radioactive hazardous wastes is covered in a single book,making it unique Provides a comprehensive and timely reference source at thiscritical time in waste management, including an extensive andup-to-date bibliography in all areas outlined to waste conversionand related technologies, both radioactive and non-radioactive Brings together all aspects of waste vitrification, drawscomparisons between the different types of wastes and treatments,and outlines where lessons learnt in the radioactive waste fieldcan be of benefit in the treatment of non-radioactive wastes
Multifunctional Oxide-Based Materials: From Synthesis to Application by Teofil Jesionowski,Filip Ciesielczyk Pdf
The book deals with novel aspects and perspectives in metal oxide and hybrid material fabrication. The contributions are mainly focused on the search for a new group of advanced materials with designed physicochemical properties, especially an expanded porous structure and defined surface activity. The proposed technological procedures result in an enhanced activity of the synthesized hybrid materials, which is of great importance when considering their potential fields of application. The use of such materials in different technological disciplines, including aspects associated with environmental protection, allows for the verification of the proposed synthesis method. Thus, it can be stated that those aspects are of interdisciplinary character and may be located at the interface of three scientific disciplines—chemistry, materials science, and engineering—as well as environmental protection. Furthermore, the presented scientific scope is in some way an answer to the continuous demand for such types of materials and opens new perspectives for their practical use
Cementitious Materials for Nuclear Waste Immobilization by Rehab O. Abdel Rahman,Ravil Z. Rakhimov,Nailia R. Rakhimova,Michael I. Ojovan Pdf
Cementitious materials are an essential part in any radioactive waste disposal facility. Conditioning processes such as cementation are used to convert waste into a stable solid form that is insoluble and will prevent dispersion to the surrounding environment. It is incredibly important to understand the long-term behavior of these materials. This book summarises approaches and current practices in use of cementitious materials for nuclear waste immobilisation. It gives a unique description of the most important aspects of cements as nuclear waste forms: starting with a description of wastes, analyzing the cementitious systems used for immobilization and describing the technologies used, and ending with analysis of cementitious waste forms and their long term behavior in an envisaged disposal environment. Extensive research has been devoted to study the feasibility of using cement or cement based materials in immobilizing and solidifying different radioactive wastes. However, these research results are scattered. This work provides the reader with both the science and technology of the immobilization process, and the cementitious materials used to immobilize nuclear waste. It summarizes current knowledge in the field, and highlights important areas that need more investigation. The chapters include: Introduction, Portland cement, Alternative cements, Cement characterization and testing, Radioactive waste cementation, Waste cementation technology, Cementitious wasteform durability and performance assessment.
Glasses and Glass-Ceramics by K. Annapurna,Atiar Rahaman Molla Pdf
This book presents various useful processing techniques and applications of glasses and glass-ceramics. It covers various topics such as introduction to glass, its properties, thermodynamics of glass, heat transfer in glass melts, color in glass and advanced characterization techniques to analyze structure of glasses and glass-ceramics along with functional glasses and glass ceramics for advanced applications. This book will be a useful reference for students, researchers, scientists and technologists working in the field of materials science, especially glass.
Materials for Nuclear Waste Immobilization by Michael I. Ojovan,Neil C. Hyatt Pdf
The book outlines recent advances in nuclear wasteform materials including glasses, ceramics and cements and spent nuclear fuel. It focuses on durability aspects and contains data on performance of nuclear wasteforms as well as expected behavior in a disposal environment.
Radioactive Waste Management and Contaminated Site Clean-Up by William E Lee,Michael I Ojovan,Carol M Jantzen Pdf
Radioactive waste management and contaminated site clean-up reviews radioactive waste management processes, technologies, and international experiences. Part one explores the fundamentals of radioactive waste including sources, characterisation, and processing strategies. International safety standards, risk assessment of radioactive wastes and remediation of contaminated sites and irradiated nuclear fuel management are also reviewed. Part two highlights the current international situation across Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. The experience in Japan, with a specific chapter on Fukushima, is also covered. Finally, part three explores the clean-up of sites contaminated by weapons programmes including the USA and former USSR. Radioactive waste management and contaminated site clean-up is a comprehensive resource for professionals, researchers, scientists and academics in radioactive waste management, governmental and other regulatory bodies and the nuclear power industry. Explores the fundamentals of radioactive waste including sources, characterisation, and processing strategies Reviews international safety standards, risk assessment of radioactive wastes and remediation of contaminated sites and irradiated nuclear fuel management Highlights the current international situation across Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America specifically including a chapter on the experience in Fukushima, Japan
Encyclopedia of Glass Science, Technology, History, and Culture Two Volume Set by Pascal Richet Pdf
This Encyclopedia begins with an introduction summarizing itsscope and content. Glassmaking; Structure of Glass, GlassPhysics,Transport Properties, Chemistry of Glass, Glass and Light,Inorganic Glass Families, Organic Glasses, Glass and theEnvironment, Historical and Economical Aspect of Glassmaking,History of Glass, Glass and Art, and outlinepossible newdevelopments and uses as presented by the best known people in thefield (C.A. Angell, for example). Sections and chapters arearranged in a logical order to ensure overall consistency and avoiduseless repetitions. All sections are introduced by a briefintroduction and attractive illustration. Newly investigatedtopics will be addresses, with the goal of ensuring that thisEncyclopedia remains a reference work for years to come.
Immobolization of radioactive waste in ceramic based hosts: Radioactive waste Immobolization by Ashish Bohre Pdf
Ceramic materials have found numerous applications in science, technology and industry as mentioned earlier. One of the recent applications of titania and zirconia based ceramic precursors is in immobilization and solidification of radioactive isotopes in waste effluents coming out of nuclear establishments and power plants. Due to long term stability and integrity of the ceramic waste forms of high and intermediate level nuclear waste, several countries have now switched over from ‘glass technology’ to ‘ceramic technology’ of radwaste management. These and many more applications make ceramics materials an interesting area of research and engineering sciences. The book is particularly aimed at scientific and technical staff in the nuclear and waste management industries in addition to universities and research organizations active in these areas. It will also appeal to a wider audience with interests in environmental issues and will be of benefit to anyone who requires background information on radioactive issues connected with nuclear energy or defense processes, or hazardous waste sources, properties and treatments using crystallographic methods.
Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics by William G. Fahrenholtz,Eric J. Wuchina,William E. Lee,Yanchun Zhou Pdf
The first comprehensive book to focus on ultra-hightemperature ceramic materials in more than 20 years Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics are a family of compounds thatdisplay an unusual combination of properties, including extremelyhigh melting temperatures (>3000°C), high hardness, andgood chemical stability and strength at high temperatures. Typical UHTC materials are the carbides, nitrides, and borides oftransition metals, but the Group IV compounds (Ti, Zr, Hf) plus TaCare generally considered to be the main focus of research due tothe superior melting temperatures and stable high-meltingtemperature oxide that forms in situ. Rather than focusing on thelatest scientific results, Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics:Materials for Extreme Environment Applications broadly andcritically combines the historical aspects and the state-of-the-arton the processing, densification, properties, and performance ofboride and carbide ceramics. In reviewing the historic studies and recent progress in thefield, Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics: Materials for ExtremeEnvironment Applications provides: Original reviews of researchconducted in the 1960s and 70s Content on electronic structure,synthesis, powder processing, densification, property measurement,and characterization of boride and carbide ceramics. Emphasis on materials for hypersonicaerospace applications such as wing leading edges and propulsioncomponents for vehicles traveling faster than Mach 5 Information on materials used in theextreme environments associated with high speed cutting tools andnuclear power generation Contributions are based on presentations by leading researchgroups at the conference "Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics: Materials for Extreme Environment Applications II" held May 13-19,2012 in Hernstein, Austria. Bringing together disparate researchersfrom academia, government, and industry in a singular forum, themeeting cultivated didactic discussions and efforts between benchresearchers, designers and engineers in assaying results in abroader context and moving the technology forward toward near- andlong-term use. This book is useful for furnace manufacturers,aerospace manufacturers that may be pursuing hypersonic technology,researchers studying any aspect of boride and carbide ceramics, andpractitioners of high-temperature structural ceramics.
From glass to crystal by Daniel R. Neuville,Laurent Cormier,Daniel Caurant Pdf
Glass-ceramics are now commonplace in our daily lives, despite having only been discovered for less than a century. It presents an update on the recent developments concerning the mechanisms of nucleation, crystal growth and phase separation, bringing together theoretical aspects and characterization methods.
Industrial Applications of Molecular Simulations by Marc Meunier Pdf
The field of quantum and molecular simulations has experienced strong growth since the time of the early software packages. A recent study, showed a large increase in the number of people publishing papers based on ab initio methods from about 3,000 in 1991 to roughly 20,000 in 2009, with particularly strong growth in East Asia. Looking to the future, the question remains as to how these methods can be further integrated into the R&D value chain, bridging the gap from engineering to manufacturing. Using successful case studies as a framework, Industrial Applications of Molecular Simulations demonstrates the capability of molecular modeling to tackle problems of industrial relevance. This book presents a wide range of various modeling techniques, including methods based on quantum or classical mechanics, molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo simulations, etc. It also explores a wide range of materials, from soft materials such as polymeric blends widely used in the chemical industry to hard or inorganic materials such as glasses and alumina. Features Demonstrates how modeling can solve everyday problems for scientists in industry Provides a broad overview of theoretical approaches Presents a wide range of applications in areas such as materials research, catalysis, pharmaceutical development and electronics Emphasizes the relationship between theory and experiments
We are fortunate to live in incredibly exciting and incredibly challenging time. Energy demands due to economic growth and increasing population must be satisfied in a sustainable manner assuring inherent safety, efficiency and no or minimized environmental impact. These considerations are among the reasons that lead to serious interest in deploying nuclear power as a sustainable energy source. At the same time, catastrophic earthquake and tsunami events in Japan resulted in the nuclear accident that forced us to rethink our approach to nuclear safety, design requirements and facilitated growing interests in advanced nuclear energy systems. This book is one in a series of books on nuclear power published by InTech. It consists of six major sections housing twenty chapters on topics from the key subject areas pertinent to successful development, deployment and operation of nuclear power systems worldwide. The book targets everyone as its potential readership groups - students, researchers and practitioners - who are interested to learn about nuclear power.
Advances in Materials Science for Environmental and Energy Technologies III by Tatsuki Ohji,Josef Matyáš,Navin Jose Manjooran,Gary Pickrell,Andrei Jitianu Pdf
This proceedings contains a collection of 26 papers from the following six 2013 Materials Science and Technology (MS&T'13) symposia: Green Technologies for Materials Manufacturing and Processing V Materials Development and Degradation Management in Nuclear Applications Materials Issues in Nuclear Waste Management in the 21st Century Energy Storage III: Materials, Systems and Applications Nanotechnology for Energy, Healthcare and Industry Hybrid Organic – Inorganic Materials for Alternative Energy
International Multidisciplinary Microscopy Congress by Efstathios K. Polychroniadis,Ahmet Yavuz Oral,Mehmet Ozer Pdf
The International Multidisciplinary Microscopy Congress (INTERM2013) was organized on October 10-13, 2013. The aim of the congress was to bring together scientists from various branches to discuss the latest advances in the field of microscopy. The contents of the congress have been broadened to a more "interdisciplinary" scope, so as to allow all scientists working on related subjects to participate and present their work. These proceedings include 39 peer-reviewed technical papers, submitted by leading academic and research institutions from over 12 countries and representing some of the most cutting-edge research available. The 39 papers are grouped into the following sections: - Applications of Microscopy in the Physical Sciences - Applications of Microscopy in the Biological Sciences
An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation by Michael I Ojovan,William E. Lee Pdf
Drawing on the authors’ extensive experience in the processing and disposal of waste, An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation, Second Edition examines the gamut of nuclear waste issues from the natural level of radionuclides in the environment to geological disposal of waste-forms and their long-term behavior. It covers all-important aspects of processing and immobilization, including nuclear decay, regulations, new technologies and methods. Significant focus is given to the analysis of the various matrices used, especially cement and glass, with further discussion of other matrices such as bitumen. The final chapter concentrates on the performance assessment of immobilizing materials and safety of disposal, providing a full range of the resources needed to understand and correctly immobilize nuclear waste. The fully revised second edition focuses on core technologies and has an integrated approach to immobilization and hazards Each chapter focuses on a different matrix used in nuclear waste immobilization: cement, bitumen, glass and new materials Keeps the most important issues surrounding nuclear waste - such as treatment schemes and technologies and disposal - at the forefront