Water And Sanitation Technologies

Author : Andreas N. Angelakis,Joan B. Rose
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 558 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2014-09-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781780404844

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Evolution of Sanitation and Wastewater Technologies through the Centuries by Andreas N. Angelakis,Joan B. Rose Pdf

Most of the technological developments relevant to water supply and wastewater date back to more than to five thousand years ago. These developments were driven by the necessity to make efficient use of natural resources, to make civilizations more resistant to destructive natural elements, and to improve the standards of life, both at public and private level. Rapid technological progress in the 20th century created a disregard for past sanitation and wastewater and stormwater technologies that were considered to be far behind the present ones. A great deal of unresolved problems in the developing world related to the wastewater management principles, such as the decentralization of the processes, the durability of the water projects, the cost effectiveness, and sustainability issues, such as protection from floods and droughts were intensified to an unprecedented degree. New problems have arisen such as the contamination of surface and groundwater. Naturally, intensification of unresolved problems has led to the reconsideration of successful past achievements. This retrospective view, based on archaeological, historical, and technical evidence, has shown two things: the similarity of physicochemical and biological principles with the present ones and the advanced level of wastewater engineering and management practices. Evolution of Sanitation and Wastewater Technologies through the Centuries presents and discusses the major achievements in the scientific fields of sanitation and hygienic water use systems throughout the millennia, and compares the water technological developments in several civilizations. It provides valuable insights into ancient wastewater and stormwater management technologies with their apparent characteristics of durability, adaptability to the environment, and sustainability. These technologies are the underpinning of modern achievements in sanitary engineering and wastewater management practices. It is the best proof that “the past is the key for the future”. Evolution of Sanitation and Wastewater Technologies through the Centuries is a textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses of Water Resources, Civil Engineering, Hydraulics, Ancient History, Archaeology, Environmental Management and is also a valuable resource for all researchers in the these fields. Authors: Andreas N. Angelakis, Institute of Iraklion, Iraklion, Greece and Joan B. Rose, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

Author : Oksen, Peter,Favre, Lise,World Intellectual Property Organization
Publisher : WIPO
Page : 12 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2020-05-05
Category : Law
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Innovative Technology in the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Sector by Oksen, Peter,Favre, Lise,World Intellectual Property Organization Pdf

Access to adequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) embodies a fun- damental human right recognized by the United Nations General Assembly. Technology often plays an important role by providing resource-efficient solutions to some of the challenges associated with WASH. This edition of the Global Challenges in Focus series explores the water supply aspect of WASH and highlights the role of technological innovation in relation to managing limited freshwater resources in situations of scarcity and/or threats to the quality of the water supply.

Author : Evan Thomas,Luis Alberto Andrés,Christian Borja-Vega,Germán Sturzenegger
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2018-02-02
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781464811982

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Innovations in WASH Impact Measures by Evan Thomas,Luis Alberto Andrés,Christian Borja-Vega,Germán Sturzenegger Pdf

The new 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development includes water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) at its core. A dedicated Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 6) declares a commitment to "ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all." Monitoring progress toward this goal will be challenging: direct measures of water and sanitation service quality and use are either expensive or elusive. However, reliance on household surveys poses limitations and likely overstated progress during the Millennium Development Goal period. In Innovations in WASH Impact Measures: Water and Sanitation Measurement Technologies and Practices to Inform the Sustainable Development Goals, we review the landscape of proven and emerging technologies, methods, and approaches that can support and improve on the WASH indicators proposed for SDG target 6.1, "by 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all," and target 6.2, "by 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations." Although some of these technologies and methods are readily available, other promising approaches require further field evaluation and cost reductions. Emergent technologies, methods, and data-sharing platforms are increasingly aligned with program impact monitoring. Improved monitoring of water and sanitation interventions may allow more cost-effective and measurable results. In many cases, technologies and methods allow more complete and impartial data in time to allow program improvements. Of the myriad monitoring and evaluation methods, each has its own advantages and limitations. Surveys, ethnographies, and direct observation give context to more continuous and objective electronic sensor data. Overall, combined methodologies can provide a more comprehensive and instructive depiction of WASH usage and help the international development community measure our progress toward reaching the SDG WASH goals.

Author : Elizabeth Tilley,Lukas Ulrich,Christoph Lüthi,Philippe Reymond,Christian Zurbrügg
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3906484572

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Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies by Elizabeth Tilley,Lukas Ulrich,Christoph Lüthi,Philippe Reymond,Christian Zurbrügg Pdf

Author : Bradley D. Hanson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Community development
ISBN : PURD:32754061523415

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Water and Sanitation Technologies by Bradley D. Hanson Pdf

Author : Piet Lens,Grietje Zeeman,G. Lettinga
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 652 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2001-03-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781900222471

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Decentralised Sanitation and Reuse by Piet Lens,Grietje Zeeman,G. Lettinga Pdf

Adopting a multi-disciplinary approach, Decentralised Sanitation and Reuse places public sanitation in a global context and provides a definitive discussion of current state-of-the-art sanitation technologies. It shows how these technologies can be implemented to integrate domestic waste and wastewater treatment in order to maximize resource recycling in domestic practice. Decentralised Sanitation and Reuse presents technical solutions for on-site collection and transport of concentrated waste streams, and focuses on the compromise between reliability and minimal water wastage. A whole range of available sustainable technologies, both low and high-tech, to treat concentrated (black water) and diluted (grey water) streams are addressed in detail from the fundamental scientific and engineering points of view. Sociological, economic and, particularly, environmental and public health aspects are essential issues within this book. The necessity of new infrastructure implementation and the resulting challenges for a good number of economic branches are illustrated with examples from architecture and town planning. Decentralised Sanitation and Reuse will be an invaluable resource for a wide academic and professional readership active in the fields of environmental protection and public sanitation. Contents The DESAR concept for environmental protection Waste and wastewater characteristics and its collection on the site Technological aspects of DESAR Environmental and public health aspects of DESAR Sociological and economic aspects of DESAR Architectural and urbanistic aspects of DESAR

Author : Eldon Rene ,Li Shu ,Veeriah Jegatheesan
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 233 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2020-03-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781789061369

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Sustainable eco-technologies for water and wastewater treatment by Eldon Rene ,Li Shu ,Veeriah Jegatheesan Pdf

One of the major challenges in the world is to provide clean water and sanitation for all. With 3% fresh water reserves in the earth, there are more than 1 billion people who still lack access to clean drinking water. The declining water quality has not only reduced the life expectancy of humans, but it has also contributed to the deleterious negative impacts on aquatic/marine life, flora, fauna and the ecosystem. However, with rapid technological advancements and the availability of advanced scientific instruments, there has been substantial improvement in the design and operation of water and wastewater treatment systems. Recently, these sustainable eco-technologies have been designed and operated to offer the following advantages: (i) a smaller footprint, (ii) less maintenance, (iii) >99% removal of contaminants, (iv) provides the option for resource recovery, (v) less energy consumption, (vi) minimal use of chemicals, and (vii) less investment and operational costs. This book highlights the technologies used for the removal of pollutants such as dyes, uranium, cyanotoxins, faecal contamination and P/N compounds from water environments, and shows that ecotechnologies are becoming more and more important and playing critical role in removing a wide variety of organic and inorganic pollutants from water. In Focus – a book series that showcases the latest accomplishments in water research. Each book focuses on a specialist area with papers from top experts in the field. It aims to be a vehicle for in-depth understanding and inspire further conversations in the sector.

Author : Joseph Cotruvo,Gunther F. Craun,Nancy Hearne
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 679 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2019-01-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781351420983

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Providing Safe Drinking Water in Small Systems by Joseph Cotruvo,Gunther F. Craun,Nancy Hearne Pdf

The continued lack of access to adequate amounts of safe drinking water is one of the primary causes of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide and a serious situation which governments, international agencies and private organizations are striving to alleviate. Barriers to providing safe drinking water for rural areas and small communities that must be overcome include the financing and stability of small systems, their operation, and appropriate, cost-effective technologies to treat and deliver water to consumers. While we know how to technically produce safe drinking water, we are not always able to achieve sustainable safe water supplies for small systems in developed and developing countries. Everyone wants to move rapidly to reach the goal of universal safe drinking water, because safe water is the most fundamental essential element for personal and social health and welfare. Without safe water and a safe environment, sustained personal economic and cultural development is impossible. Often small rural systems are the last in the opportunity line. Safe Drinking Water in Small Systems describes feasible technologies, operating procedures, management, and financing opportunities to alleviate problems faced by small water systems in both developed and developing countries. In addition to widely used traditional technologies this reference presents emerging technologies and non-traditional approaches to water treatment, management, sources of energy, and the delivery of safe water.

Author : Petr Hlavinek,Cvetanka Popovska,Ivana Mahrikova,Tamara Kukharchyk
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2009-04-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789048123650

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Risk Management of Water Supply and Sanitation Systems by Petr Hlavinek,Cvetanka Popovska,Ivana Mahrikova,Tamara Kukharchyk Pdf

Each year more than 200 million people are affected by floods, tropical storms, droughts, earthquakes, and also operational failures, wars, terrorism, vandalism, and accidents involving hazardous materials. These are part of the wide variety of events that cause death, injury, and significant economic losses for the countries affected. In an environment where natural hazards are present, local actions are decisive in all stages of risk management: in the work of prevention and mitigation, in rehabilitation and reconstruction, and above all in emergency response and the provision of basic services to the affected population. Commitment to systematic vulnerability reduction is crucial to ensure the resilience of communities and populations to the impact of natural and manmade hazards. Current challenges for the water and sanitation sector require an increase in sustainable access to water and sanitation services in residential areas, where natural hazards pose the greatest risk. In settlements located on unstable and risk-prone land there is growing environmental degradation coupled with extreme conditions of poverty that increase vulnerability. The development of local capacity and risk management play vital roles in obtaining sustainability of water and sanitation systems as well as for the communities themselves. Unfortunately water may also represent a potential target for terrorist activity or war conflict and a deliberate contamination of water is a potential public health threat. An approach which considers the needs of communities and institutions is particularly important in urban areas affected by armed conflict. Risk management for large rehabilitation projects has to deal with major changes caused by conflict: damaged or destroyed infrastructure, increased population, corrupt or inefficient water utilities, and impoverished communities. Water supply and sanitation are amongst the first considerations in disaster response. The greatest water-borne risk to health in most emergencies is the transmission of faecal pathogens, due to inadequate sanitation, hygiene and protection of water sources. However, some disasters, including those involving damage to chemical and nuclear industrial installations, or involving volcanic activity, may create acute problems from chemical or radiological water pollution. Sanitation includes safe excreta disposal, drainage of wastewater and rainwater, solid waste disposal and vector control. This book is based on the discussions and papers prepared for the NATO Advanced Research Workshop that took place in Ohrid, Macedonia under the auspices of the NATO Security Through Science Programme and addressed problems Risk management of water supply and sanitation systems impaired by operational failures, natural disasters and war conflicts. The main purpose of the workshop was to critically assess the existing knowledge on Risk management of water supply and sanitation systems, with respect to diverse conditions in participating countries, and promote close co-operation among scientists with different professional experience from different countries. The ARW technical program comprised papers on 4 topics, : (a) Vulnerability of Wastewater and Sanitation Systems, (b) Vulnerability of Drinking Water Systems, (c) Emergency response plans, and (d) Case studies from regions affected by Drinking Water System, Wastewater and Sanitation System failures.

Author : Duncan A. Thomas,Roger R. Ford
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2005-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1781958394

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The Crisis of Innovation in Water and Wastewater by Duncan A. Thomas,Roger R. Ford Pdf

This is an extremely well-researched and documented book. The authors hypothesis is that the current water and wastewater sector is failing the populations of the western-world by clinging to orthodox and short-term visions of new technology and innovation, and also failing the developing nations by believing that delivery of western-world high-technology solutions is a contribution to humanitarian development. This is the crisis of innovation . To many practitioners in the water industry the book will be perceived to be hypercritical (of the incrementalism, conservative and dogged traditionalism ) of the sector, but in fact it is stimulating and positive. In the latter chapters an alternate more holistic model of water development is described. There needs to be a movement from large, central infrastructure resources to distributed systems that are more appropriate to local needs and can be coupled with environmentally sustainable energy sources and practices. Tim Lack, European Topic Centre on Water, UK Whilst acknowledging a massive leap from standpipe to universal water provision in 100 years in developed countries, the authors of this book see problems for global sustainable water supply and wastewater removal in the future. Using the UK water industry as an example, they describe the global water industry as risk averse and unwilling to innovate, a view that is encouraged by the institutional and financial regimes under which it works. The book explores the reasons for concern and sets out some hard-hitting views on how the water industry is failing to identify and tackle the essential problems in a world which is becoming ever more depleted of fresh water. The concluding chapter brings to a focus the problems of the crisis in innovation and gives some concrete suggestions for tackling them. This volume should raise the awareness of policymakers and regulators, technologists and concerned members of the public. Peter Chave, Independent Consultant and formerly Head of Pollution Control, National Rivers Authority, UK This significant new book highlights a little acknowledged but potentially catastrophic crisis of innovation in the global water sector, which institutions and industries are frighteningly ill-equipped to tackle or even accept. It suggests potential new technology and policy approaches to overcome both current and future problems. The book explores how technological innovation is vital to help provide sustainable water in both the UK and developing countries. However, innovation is being overlooked in the face of global trends to privatize and regulate water utilities. The authors highlight how the global water sector is failing to respond to increasingly complex world needs and continues to build largely unsustainable centralized infrastructures, opposing more appropriate, distributed and local modern technologies. The book also includes suggestions for potentially innovative technology and policy solutions to meet escalating global water and wastewater demands. Importantly, the authors adopt a long-term perspective that crosses both disciplinary and institutional boundaries, and include an international comparative perspective, covering a diverse range of examples and countries. This comprehensive book will have a broad appeal amongst researchers and academics with an interest in technology management, innovation studies, geography and development studies. It will also be a valuable asset for water regulators and governmental and non-governmental organisations working in this field.

Author : Paul N. Cheremisinoff
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 840 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2019-01-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781351441896

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Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Technology by Paul N. Cheremisinoff Pdf

Offers information on the treatment of water and wastewater for municipal, sanitary and industrial applications, focusing on unit operations and processes that serve the broadest range of users. Wastewater treatement unit operations, including filtration, flotation, chemical coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation, as well as advanced technolog

Author : R. D. Tyagi,Ashok Pandey,Patrick Drogui,Bhoomika Yadav,Sridhar Pilli,Jonathan W. C. Wong
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2024
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1032463767

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Decentralized Sanitation and Water Treatment by R. D. Tyagi,Ashok Pandey,Patrick Drogui,Bhoomika Yadav,Sridhar Pilli,Jonathan W. C. Wong Pdf

"This book provides up-to-date knowledge about the concepts and technologies in decentralized sanitation for wastewater treatment and management. It addresses the knowledge gap that exists between the understanding of centralized and decentralized wastewater treatment approaches. The book covers the sustainability principles, technologies involved, and common decentralized treatment and disposal methods. It includes topics like septage as a resource and in resource recovery, anaerobic treatment of domestic sewage, and decentralized sanitation in various countries"--

Author : Laura Morrison,Anushah Hossain,Myles Elledge,Brian Stoner,Jeff Piascik
Publisher : RTI Press
Page : 6 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2018-06-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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User-centered guidance for engineering and design of decentralized sanitation technologies by Laura Morrison,Anushah Hossain,Myles Elledge,Brian Stoner,Jeff Piascik Pdf

Technological innovations in sanitation are poised to address the great need for sanitation improvements in low-income countries. Worldwide, more than 2.4 billion people lack access to improved sanitation facilities. Innovative waste treatment and sanitation technologies aim to incorporate user-centered findings into technology engineering and design. Without a focus on users, even the most innovative technology solutions can encounter significant barriers to adoption. Drawing on a household survey conducted in urban slum communities of Ahmedabad, India, this research brief identifies toilet and sanitation preferences, amenities, and attributes that might promote adoption of improved sanitation technologies among potential user populations. This work uses supplemental insights gained from focus groups and findings from the literature. Based on our research, we offer specific guidance for engineering and design of sanitation products and technologies.

Author : Rod Shaw,Roderick Shaw
Publisher : More Technical Briefs for Heal
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Science
ISBN : CORNELL:31924067910806

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Running Water by Rod Shaw,Roderick Shaw Pdf

This second collection of 32 short, highly-illustrated introductions to appropriate water and sanitation technologies and processes complements The Worth of Water. It covers a further range of subjects from water source selection and handpump maintenance to sanitary surveying, hygiene understanding and community management.

Author : Walter Leal Filho,Anabela Marisa Azul,Luciana Brandli,Amanda Lange Salvia,Tony Wall
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 1035 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2022-07-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319958460

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Clean Water and Sanitation by Walter Leal Filho,Anabela Marisa Azul,Luciana Brandli,Amanda Lange Salvia,Tony Wall Pdf

The problems related to the process of industrialisation such as biodiversity depletion, climate change and a worsening of health and living conditions, especially but not only in developing countries, intensify. Therefore, there is an increasing need to search for integrated solutions to make development more sustainable. The United Nations has acknowledged the problem and approved the “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. On 1st January 2016, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the Agenda officially came into force. These goals cover the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic growth, social inclusion and environmental protection. The Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals comprehensively addresses the SDGs in an integrated way. It encompasses 17 volumes, each devoted to one of the 17 SDGs. This volume is dedicated to SDG 6 "Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all". Water and sanitation are fundamental to human well-being. Integrated water resources management is essential to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all and to the realization of Sustainable Development. Concretely, the defined targets are: Achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all Achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations Improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally Substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity Implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate Protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes Expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving Uwater and sanitation management Editorial Board Ulisses M. Azeiteiro, Anabela Marisa Azul, Luciana Brandli, Dominique Darmendrail, Despo Fatta–Kassinos, Walter Leal Filho, Susan Hegarty, Amanda Lange Salvia, Albert Llausàs, Paula Duarte Lopes, Javier Marugán, Fernando Morgado, Wilkister Nyaora Moturi, Karel F. Mulder, Alesia Dedaa Ofori, Sandra Ricart