Water Sanitation And Child Health Evidence From Subnational Panel Data In 59 Countries

Author : Headey, Derek D.,Palloni, Giordano
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2018-08-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Water, sanitation and child health: Evidence from subnational panel data in 59 countries by Headey, Derek D.,Palloni, Giordano Pdf

Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) investments are widely seen as essential for improving health in early childhood. However, the experimental literature on WASH interventions identifies inconsistent impacts on child health outcomes, with relatively robust impacts on diarrhea and other symptoms of infection, but weak and varying impacts on child nutrition. In contrast, observational research exploiting cross-sectional variation in water and sanitation access is much more sanguine, finding strong associations with diarrhea prevalence, mortality and stunting. In practice, both literatures suffer from significant methodological limitations. Experimental WASH evaluations are often subject to poor compliance, rural bias, and short duration of exposure, while cross-sectional observational evidence may be highly vulnerable to omitted variables bias. To overcome some of the limitations of both literatures, we construct a panel of 442 subnational regions in 59 countries with multiple Demographic Health Surveys. This large subnational panel is used to implement difference-in-difference regressions that allow us to examine whether longer term changes in water and sanitation at the subnational level predict improvements in child morbidity, mortality and nutrition. We find results that are partially consistent with both literatures. Improved water access is statistically insignificantly associated with most outcomes, although water piped into the dwelling predicts reductions in child stunting. Improvements in sanitation predict large reductions in diarrhea prevalence and child mortality, but are not associated with changes in stunting or wasting. We estimate that sanitation improvements can account for just under 10% of the decline in child mortality from 1990-2015.

Author : Derek Headey,Giordano Palloni
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1175926339

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Water, Sanitation and Child Health by Derek Headey,Giordano Palloni Pdf

Author : Berhane, Guush,Golan, Jennifer,Hirvonen, Kalle,Hoddinott, John F.,Kim, Sunny S.,Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum,Abay, Kibrewossen,Assefa, Thomas Woldu,Habte, Yetmwork,Abay, Mehari Hiluf,Koru, Bethlehem,Tadesse, Fanaye,Tesfaye, Haleluya,Wolle, Abdulazize,Yimer, Feiruz
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2020-04-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Evaluation of the nutrition-sensitive features of the fourth phase of Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Programme by Berhane, Guush,Golan, Jennifer,Hirvonen, Kalle,Hoddinott, John F.,Kim, Sunny S.,Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum,Abay, Kibrewossen,Assefa, Thomas Woldu,Habte, Yetmwork,Abay, Mehari Hiluf,Koru, Bethlehem,Tadesse, Fanaye,Tesfaye, Haleluya,Wolle, Abdulazize,Yimer, Feiruz Pdf

This study assesses progress in the implementation of the nutrition-sensitive interventions of the fourth phase of Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP-4) and its impact on: (1) the pathways underpinning children’s nutritional status; and (2) the roles it plays in reducing the malign effect of seasonality on the nutritional status of women and pre-school children. The analysis is based on four rounds of household survey data, conducted in March and August 2017 (baseline) and March and August 2019 (endline). These surveys focused on households with a child less than 24 months of age (index child) and his/her mother (index mother). In 2017 and 2019, the survey teams visited more than 2,500 households in 264 kebeles in 88 PSNP woredas in the Amhara, Oromia, SNNP, and Tigray regions.

Author : Lyla Mehta,Theib Oweis,Claudia Ringler,Barbara Schreiner,Shiney Varghese
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2019-09-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781315189949

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Water for Food Security, Nutrition and Social Justice by Lyla Mehta,Theib Oweis,Claudia Ringler,Barbara Schreiner,Shiney Varghese Pdf

This book is the first comprehensive effort to bring together Water, Food Security and Nutrition (FSN) in a way that goes beyond the traditional focus on irrigated agriculture. Apart from looking at the role of water and sanitation for human well-being, it proposes alternative and more locally appropriate ways to address complex water management and governance challenges from the local to global levels against a backdrop of growing uncertainties. The authors challenge mainstream supply-oriented and neo-Malthusian visions that argue for the need to increase the land area under irrigation in order to feed the world’s growing population. Instead, they argue for a reframing of the debate concerning production processes, waste, food consumption and dietary patterns whilst proposing alternative strategies to improve water and land productivity, putting the interests of marginalized and disenfranchized groups upfront. The book highlights how accessing water for FSN can be challenging for small-holders, vulnerable and marginalized women and men, and how water allocation systems and reform processes can negatively affect local people’s informal rights. The book argues for the need to improve policy coherence across water, land and food and is original in making a case for strengthening the relationship between the human rights to water and food, especially for marginalized women and men. It will be of great interest to practitioners, students and researchers working on water and food issues.

Author : Suresh Babu,Shailendra Gajanan
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 788 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2021-09-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128204832

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Food Security, Poverty and Nutrition Policy Analysis by Suresh Babu,Shailendra Gajanan Pdf

Food Security, Poverty and Nutrition Policy Analysis: Statistical Methods and Applications, Third Edition combines statistical data analysis and computer literacy, applying the results to develop policy alternatives through a series of statistical methods for real world food insecurity, malnutrition and poverty problems. The book presents the latest uses of statistical methods for policy analysis using the open source statistical environment R, in addition to having the original Stata files and applications. A new chapter on obesity brings in new datasets for analysis to effectively demonstrate the use of such data for addressing policy issues. Finally, program evaluation methods which can be directly applied to the data on food security, nutrition, poverty indicators and causal factors are included. This unique, real-world data takes the reader through a "hands-on" approach toward econometric practice whereby they can also test the effects of policy and program interventions. Further, this is the first book to explore actual data with STATA and R statistical packages that also provides a line-by-line guide to the programming and interpretation of results. Provides a fully revised and updated tome on the latest technology, assessment advances and policy insights surrounding food security Combines case-studies with data-based analysis Includes self-contained, downloadable datasets, statistical appendices, computer programs, and interpretations of the results for policy applications

Author : Richard Damania,Sébastien Desbureaux,Aude-Sophie Rodella,Jason Russ,Esha Zaveri
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2019-09-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781464814853

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Quality Unknown by Richard Damania,Sébastien Desbureaux,Aude-Sophie Rodella,Jason Russ,Esha Zaveri Pdf

Water quantity—too much in the case of floods, or too little in the case of droughts—grabs public attention and the media spotlight. Water quality—being predominantly invisible and hard to detect—goes largely unnoticed. Quality Unknown: The Invisible Water Crisis presents new evidence and new data that call urgent attention to the hidden dangers lying beneath water’s surface. It shows how poor water quality stalls economic progress, stymies human potential, and reduces food production. Quality Unknown examines the effects of water quality on economic growth and finds upstream pollution lowers growth in downstream regions. It reveals that some of the most ubiquitous contaminants in water, such as nitrates and salt, have impacts that are larger, deeper, and wider than has been acknowledged. And it traces the damage to crop yields and the stark implications for food security in affected regions. An important step toward tackling the world’s water quality challenge is recognizing its scale. The world needs reliable, accurate, and comprehensive information so that policy makers can have new insights, decision making can be evidence based, and citizens can call for action. The report calls for a paradigm shift that emphasizes safer, and often more cost-effective remedies that prevent pollution by combining smarter policies with newer technologies. A key message of Quality Unknown is that such solutions exist and change is possible.

Author : Chihiro Yoshimura,Rajendra Khanal,Uk Sovannara
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2022-06-24
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789811666322

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Water and Life in Tonle Sap Lake by Chihiro Yoshimura,Rajendra Khanal,Uk Sovannara Pdf

This book describes the water, wildlife, and livelihood of Tonle Sap Lake and its basin in Cambodia, the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia. It comprehensively elucidates the processes underlying the dynamic, productive, and unique ecosystem, covering the major environmental and administrative components such as climate, water flow and storage, sediment, nutrient, flora, fauna, floating villages, management, and governance. Anthropogenic impacts including climate change on the lake are also highlighted. This book serves as a guidebook to multiple audiences, including professionals and academicians. It is beneficial to the university students and lecturers, researchers, freelancers, and policymakers in analyzing, interpreting, and taking action for the environmental conservation of the lake environment. In addition, this is the first comprehensive book on evidence-based research and policy-relevant experience and knowledge about Tonle Sap Lake. For instance, the content will assist the policymakers and researchers in setting management policies and practices, especially for large shallow lakes and developing countries. It can also be used as a textbook in environmental science and engineering at undergraduate and graduate levels worldwide in understanding and synthesizing new research directions relevant to the water environment.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2023-09-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251380727

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Water quality in agriculture: Risks and risk mitigation by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

This publication, Water Quality in Agriculture: Risks and Risk Mitigation, emphasizes technical solutions and good agricultural practices, including risk mitigation measures suitable for the contexts of differently resourced institutions working in rural as well as urban and peri-urban settings in low- and middle-income countries. With a focus on sustainability of the overall land use system, the guidelines also cover possible downstream impacts of farm-level decisions. As each country has a range of site-specific conditions related to climate, soil and water quality, crop type and variety, as well as management options, subnational adjustments to the presented guidelines are recommended. Water Quality in Agriculture: Risks and Risk Mitigation, is intended for use by national and subnational governmental authorities, farm and project managers, extension officers, consultants and engineers to evaluate water quality data, and identify potential problems and solutions related to water quality. The presented guidelines will also be of value to the scientific research community and university students.The chapters in this publication address the following topics:Chapter 2 describes the linkages between water quality and achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and the need for water quality monitoring. Chapter 3 provides an overview of existing water quality guidelines and standards across the world, including those reliant on technological advances and stringent water quality monitoring, and others based on health-based targets, as recommended by WHO. Chapter 4 is dedicated to pathogenic threats, in particular from domestic wastewater, while the elaborated Chapter 5 targets chemical risks with significant emphasis on salinity. The interlinkages between water quality and aquaculture and water quality and livestock production are described in Chapters 6 and 7, respectively. The importance of water quality for a healthy environment and ecology is explored in Chapter 8, and further extended to watersheds and river basin scales in Chapter 9, looking at the approaches used to analyze, monitor, and manage water quality, and possible downstream impacts in their larger geographical context. Finally, Chapter 10 provides an overview of the most common and/or significant barriers and drivers of relevance for the adoption of water reuse guidelines and best practices within a given regulatory and institutional context with special attention to low- and middle-income countries.

Author : Andrea Iris Schäfer,Anthony G. Fane
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1267 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2021-07-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527824977

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Nanofiltration by Andrea Iris Schäfer,Anthony G. Fane Pdf

An updated guide to the growing field of nanofiltration including fundamental principles, important industrial applications as well as novel materials With contributions from an international panel of experts, the revised second edition of Nanofiltration contains a comprehensive overview of this growing field. The book covers the basic principles of nanofiltration including the design and characterizations of nanofiltration membranes. The expert contributors highlight the broad ranges of industrial applications including water treatment, food, pulp and paper, and textiles. The book explores photocatalytic nanofiltration reactors, organic solvent nanofiltration, as well as nanofiltration in metal and acid recovery. In addition, information on the most recent developments in the field are examined including nanofiltration retentate treatment and renewable energy-powered nanofiltration. The authors also consider the future of nanofiltration materials such as carbon- as well as polymer-based materials. This important book: Explores the fast growing field of the membrane process of nanofiltration Examines the rapidly expanding industrial sector's use of membranes for water purification Covers the most important industrial applications with a strong focus on water treatment Contains a section on new membrane materials, including carbon-based and polymer-based materials, as well as information on artificial ion and water channels as biomimetic membranes Written for scientists and engineers in the fields of chemistry, environment, food and materials, the second edition of Nanofiltration provides a comprehensive overview of the field, outlines the principles of the technology, explores the industrial applications, and discusses new materials.

Author : Maria S. Tapia,Gioconda San-Blas,Carlos Eduardo Machado-Allison,Maritza Landaeta De Jimenez,Andrés Jose Carmona
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 110 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2022-02-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889743681

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Food Security and Food Safety Challenges in Venezuela by Maria S. Tapia,Gioconda San-Blas,Carlos Eduardo Machado-Allison,Maritza Landaeta De Jimenez,Andrés Jose Carmona Pdf

Author : Ramesh Chand,Pramod Joshi,Shyam Khadka
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 323 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2022-03-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789811907630

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Indian Agriculture Towards 2030 by Ramesh Chand,Pramod Joshi,Shyam Khadka Pdf

This open access book brings together varying perspectives for transformational change needed in India’s agriculture and allied sectors. Stressing the need of thinking for a post-Green Revolution future, the book promotes approaching this change through eight broad areas, indicating the policy shifts needed to meet the challenges for the coming decade (2021-2030). The book comprises of ten contributions. Apart from the overview chapter on transformational change and the concluding chapter on pathways for 2030, there are eight thematic chapters on topics such as transforming Indian agriculture, dietary diversity for nutritive and safe food; climate crisis and risk management; water in agriculture; pests, pandemics, preparedness and biosecurity natural farming; agroecology and biodiverse futures; science, technology and innovation in agriculture; and structural reforms and governance. The writing style of these papers written by technical experts is forward-looking—not merely an analysis of what has been and why it was so, but what ought to be. This is an essential reading for those interested in agriculture, food and nutrition sectors of India, and more so their interconnectedness.

Author : International Food Policy Research Institute
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 118 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2014-11-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780896295643

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Global Nutrition Report 2014 by International Food Policy Research Institute Pdf

At the 2013 Nutrition for Growth Summit in London, 96 signatories (governments, civil society organizations, donors, United Nations’ agencies, and businesses) agreed to support the creation of an annual report on global nutrition that would be authored by an independent expert group, in partnership with a large number of contributors. The first edition of this report, the Global Nutrition Report 2014, puts a spotlight on worldwide progress by the 193 member countries of the United Nations in improving their nutrition status, identifies bottlenecks to change, highlights opportunities for action, and contributes to strengthened nutrition accountability on country and global levels.

Author : United Nations
Publisher : United Nations
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789210046053

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The State of the World's Children 2019 by United Nations Pdf

This report examines nutrition, providing a fresh perspective on a rapidly evolving challenge. Despite progress in the past two decades, around 200 million under-fives suffer from undernutrition. Adding to this toll is rising obesity, which affects 38 million children. All these forms of malnutrition threaten children’s development, while obesity is creating a lifelong legacy of disease. At the heart of this evolving challenge is a global shift towards modern diets that do not meet children’s nutritional requirements. The report provides unique data and analysis of malnutrition in the 21st century and outlines recommendations to put children’s needs at the heart of global and national food systems.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9789241563970

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Equity, Social Determinants and Public Health Programmes by World Health Organization Pdf

1. Introduction and methods of work.-- 2. Alcohol: equity and social determinants.-- 3. Cardiovascular disease: equity and social determinants.-- 4. Health and nutrition of children: equity and social determinants.-- 5. Diabetes: equity and social determinants.-- 6. Food safety: equity and social determinants.-- 7. Mental disorders: equity and social determinants.-- 8. Neglected tropical diseases: equity and social determinants.-- 9. Oral health: equity and social determinants.-- 10. Unintended pregnancy and pregnancy outcome: equity and social determinants.-- 11. Tobacco use: equity and social determinants.-- 12. Tuberculosis: the role of risk factors and social determinants.-- 13. Violence and unintentional injury: equity and social determinants.-- 14. Synergy for equity.

Author : UNICEF.
Publisher : UNICEF
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789280643183

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The State of the World's Children 2009 by UNICEF. Pdf

Having a child remains one of the biggest health risks for women worldwide. Fifteen hundred women die every day while giving birth. That's a half a million mothers every year. UNICEF's flagship publication, The State of the World's Children 2009, addresses maternal mortality, one of the most intractable problems for development work.The difference in pregnancy risk between women in developing countries and their peers in the industrialised world is often termed the greatest health divide in the world. A woman in Niger has a one in seven chance of dying during the course of her lifetime from complications during pregnancy or delivery. That's in stark contrast to the risk for mothers in America, where it's one in 4,800 or in Ireland, where it's just one in 48,000. Addressing that gap is a multidisciplinary challenge, requiring an emphasis on education, human resources, community involvement and social equality. At a minimum, women must be guaranteed antenatal care, skilled birth attendants and emergency obstetrics, and postpartum care. These essential interventions will only be guaranteed within the context of improved education and the abolition of discrimination.