Who Will Buy Potential Buyers For Mangrove Environmental Services In Vietnam

Author : Pham, T.T.,Hoàng, T.L.,Ðào Thi, L.C.,Hà, C.N.,Hoàng, M.H.,Hoàng, T.U.,Hoàng Thị, T.T.,Nông Nguyễn, K.N.,Nguyễn, D.T.,Trương, V.V.,Nguyễn, T.N.
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 8 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2020-06-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Who will buy? Potential buyers for mangrove environmental services in Vietnam by Pham, T.T.,Hoàng, T.L.,Ðào Thi, L.C.,Hà, C.N.,Hoàng, M.H.,Hoàng, T.U.,Hoàng Thị, T.T.,Nông Nguyễn, K.N.,Nguyễn, D.T.,Trương, V.V.,Nguyễn, T.N. Pdf

Key messagesWhen it comes to mangroves in Vietnam, the payment mechanism for forest environmental services (PFES) can be applied to 8 types of environmental services: (1) carbon absorption and storage; (2) sedimentation and sludge reduction; (3) coastal erosion protection; (4) wave shielding; (5) supplying clean water, filtering heavy metals and pollutants; (6) spawning grounds provision; (7) landscape – tourism; and (8) food and ingredient provision.There are 20 potential buyer groups that could pay for mangrove environment services in Hai Phong. These include: companies focused on dredging, sand mining, clean water, energy, banking, petroleum, entertainment, tourism, shipbuilding, air transport, and producers of agricultural, forestry and aquatic products; fishing and sea ports; those involved in the coastal economic zone; industries focused on mining and metallurgy, transportation and thermal power; dike management groups; and residential communities. While some buyer groups have expressed strong commitment to make payments (e.g. banks, energy companies, those producing agricultural, forestry and aquatic products), more research is needed to understand how willing other parties are to participate in paying for environmental services.In Hai Phong, two of these environmental services – (1) carbon absorption and storage and (5) clean water provision and heavy metal filtration – have the largest number of potential buyers.To develop a mechanism for payment for environmental services, four key questions must be answered: (1) Which services are being paid for? (2) Who is paying? (3) How much is the payment? and (4) What is the revenue and expenditure mechanism? Answering these will need long-term, thorough research, particularly demonstrating stakeholders use of environmental services. Based on the pre-feasibility study in 2018–2019, this policy summary answers the first two questions. The last two will be answered in another policy brief, once the study is complete in 2020.

Author : Nguyễn, T.N.,Trương, V.V.,Pham, T.T.
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 22 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2020-12-24
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Methodology for assessing the role of mangroves in trace metal(loid) filtration to develop a mechanism of payments for environmental services for mangroves in Vietnam by Nguyễn, T.N.,Trương, V.V.,Pham, T.T. Pdf

This document aims to provide an understanding of the scientific methodology that can be employed to demonstrate, monitor and assess mangrove-relevant environmental services by using case studies of mangroves in Hai Phong City and the Can Gio district of Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam. In addition to previous work, this methodology evaluates the water purification services of mangroves in the context of existing policies on payment for forest environmental services in Vietnam, and discusses lessons learned, and funding requirements for effective assessment, evaluation and monitoring of the service. The findings contribute to identifying users and buyers of mangrove environmental services and developing implementation and monitoring mechanisms for payment for forest environmental services (PFES) through the application of environmental indices. The document is made in the hope that future studies can apply its methodology in other regions of the country to develop a database for evaluating the roles of mangroves throughout Vietnam.

Author : Pham, T.T.,Vu, T.P.,Pham, D.C.,Dao, L.H.T.,Nguyen, V.T.,Hoang, N.V.H.,Hoang, T.L.,Dao, T.L.C.,Nguyen, D.T.
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 55 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2019-09-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9786023871223

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Opportunities and challenges for mangrove management in Vietnam by Pham, T.T.,Vu, T.P.,Pham, D.C.,Dao, L.H.T.,Nguyen, V.T.,Hoang, N.V.H.,Hoang, T.L.,Dao, T.L.C.,Nguyen, D.T. Pdf

In Vietnam, mangrove forests have been threatened by economic pressures and climate change. This report aims to analyze both opportunities and constraints for mangrove protection and management in Vietnam.The study found that local people appreciate the role that mangroves play in providing income, an attractive landscape and shelter from climate change related floods and storms. Many communities would be willing to contribute between USD 2-20 per year to a trust fund so as to protect their forests. A large number of policies and projects promote mangrove conservation activities. This has helped strengthen law enforcement, raised local awareness of the role and importance of maintaining forests, and restricted the conversion of mangroves to other economic activities. Government policies and development projects also provide capacity building, training and seedlings for mangrove reforestation activities at the studied sites. Additionally, new incentives such as payment for forest environmental services (PFES) are emerging as a potential source of finance to support mangrove protection and development in the future. Collective action for mangrove protection is widely recognized and promoted among study sites. People have self-organized strikes and protests to oppose converting mangroves to other economic purposes.Many policies and projects offer social and economic incentives for mangrove protection. However, they are impeded by insecure tenure, land grabbing, elite capture, inequitable benefit-sharing, and unclear responsibilities among government agencies at central, provincial and multilateral levels. Access to information on both policies and projects is difficult for local people. The monitoring and evaluation systems, incentives and disincentives designed by policies and projects have low enforcement and compliance. Policies and projects strongly emphasize and create incentives to replant mangrove forests, rather than to maintain and conserve existing mangrove forest areas. Incentives are also designed to compensate local labor costs for replanting mangrove or patrolling activities, rather than addressing the direct drivers of deforestation and degradation.Protecting mangroves requires a policy shift in land-use planning to address the drivers of mangrove deforestation and degradation. These drivers, in turn, respond to national and provincial economic development agendas, which focus on aquaculture expansion and migration. Cross-sectoral coordination also needs to be further enhanced to improve effectiveness in law enforcement. Enhancing local participation in mangrove forest protection and development requires a gender-sensitive approach and enabling conditions, such as well-enforced policies, accountable and transparent benefit-sharing, and inclusive decision making.

Author : Essam Yassin Mohammed
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2013-11-26
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781135006624

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Economic Incentives for Marine and Coastal Conservation by Essam Yassin Mohammed Pdf

Marine and coastal resources provide millions of people with their livelihoods, such as fishing and tourism, and a range of critical additional ‘ecosystem services’, from biodiversity and culture to carbon storage and flood protection. Yet across the world, these resources are fast-diminishing under the weight of pollution, land clearance, coastal development, overfishing, natural disasters and climate change. This book shows how economic instruments can be used to incentivize the conservation of marine and coastal resources. It is shown that traditional approaches to halt the decline focus on regulating against destructive practices, but to little effect. A more successful strategy could be to establish schemes such as payments for ecosystem services (PES), or incorporate an element of financial incentives into existing regulatory mechanisms. Examples, both terrestrial and marine, from across the world suggest that PES can work to protect both livelihoods and environments. But to succeed, it is shown that these schemes must be underpinned by robust research, clear property rights, sound governance structures, equitable benefit sharing, and sustainable finance. Case studies are included from south and east Asia, Latin America, Africa and Australia. The book explores the prospects and challenges, and draws lessons from PES and PES-like programmes from across the globe.

Author : Nir Kshetri
Publisher : CABI
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2016-10-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781780648682

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Big Data's Big Potential in Developing Economies by Nir Kshetri Pdf

Big Data has the power to change all aspects of agriculture, environmental protection and healthcare, especially in developing countries, by allowing new levels of analysis and tailoring of impacts. How big datawill impact will benefit smallholder farmers relative to global multinationals. The book considers how big data can changing the way lenders assess creditworthiness of potential borrowers.Data privacy and security issues are important issues. The key ideas, concepts and theories presented are explored, illustrated and contrasted through in-depth case studies of developing world-based big data companies and deployment and utilization big data in agriculture, environmental protection and healthcare.

Author : Pham, T.T.,Hoang, T.L.,Nguyen, D.T.,Dao, T.L.C.,Ngo, H.C.,Pham, V.H.
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 59 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2019-09-23
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9786023871216

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The context of REDD+ in Vietnam by Pham, T.T.,Hoang, T.L.,Nguyen, D.T.,Dao, T.L.C.,Ngo, H.C.,Pham, V.H. Pdf

Vietnam is acknowledged to be REDD+ pioneer country, having adopted REDD+ in 2009. This paper is an updated version of Vietnam’s REDD+ Country Profile which was first published by CIFOR in 2012. Our findings show that forest cover has increased since 2012, but enhancing, or even maintaining, forest quality remains a challenge. Drivers of deforestation and degradation in Vietnam, including legal and illegal logging, conversion of forest for national development goals and commercial agriculture, weak law enforcement and weak governance, have persisted since 2012 up to 2017. However, with strong political commitment, the government has made significant progress in addressing major drivers, such as the expansion of hydropower plants and rubber plantations.Since 2012, Vietnam has also signed important international treaties and agreements on trade, such as Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VPAs) through the European Union’s (EU) Forest Law Enforcement. These new policies have enhanced the role of the forestry sector within the overall national economy and provided a strong legal framework and incentives for forestuser groups and government agencies to take part in forest protection and development. Nevertheless, new market rules and international trade patterns also pose significant challenges for Vietnam, where the domestic forestry sector is characterized by state-owned companies and a large number of domestic firms that struggle to comply with these new rules.The climate change policies, national REDD+ strategy and REDD+ institutional setting has been refined and revised over time. However, uncertain and complex international requirements on REDD+ and limited funding have weakened the government’s interest in and political commitment to REDD+. REDD+ policies in Vietnam have shown significant progress in terms of its monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) systems, forest reference emission levels (FREL), and performance-based and benefit-sharing mechanisms by taking into account lessons learnt from its national Payment for Forest Environmental Services (PFES) Scheme. Evidence also shows increasing efforts of government and international communities to ground forestry policies in a participatory decision-making processes and the progress on developing safeguarding policies in Vietnam between 2012 and 2017 affirms the government’s interest in pursuing an equitable REDD+ implementation. Policy documents have fully recognized the need to give civil society organizations (CSOs) and ethnic groups political space and include them in decision making. Yet, participation remains token. Government provision for tenure security and carbon rights for local households are still being developed, with little progress since 2012.The effectiveness of REDD+ policies in addressing drivers of deforestation and degradation has not be proven, even though the revised NRAP has recently been approved. However, the fact that drivers of deforestation and degradation are outside of the forestry sector and have a strong link to national economic development goals points to an uneasy pathway for REDD+. The business case for REDD+ in Vietnam has not been proven, due to an uncertain carbon market, increasing requirements from donors and developed countries, and high transaction and implementation costs. Current efforts toward 3Es outcomes of REDD+ could be enhanced by stronger political commitment to addressing the drivers of deforestation from all sectors, broader changes in policy framework that create both incentives and disincentives for avoiding deforestation and degradation, cross-sectoral collaboration, and committed funding from both the government and developed countries.

Author : Erik Meijaard,Douglas Sheil,Manuel R. Guariguata,Robert Nasi,Terry Sunderland,Louis Putzel
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2011-09-13
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9786028693592

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Ecosystem services certification: Opportunities and constraints by Erik Meijaard,Douglas Sheil,Manuel R. Guariguata,Robert Nasi,Terry Sunderland,Louis Putzel Pdf

A major challenge in trading ecosystem services is the need to quantify and commoditise services, for monitoring and verification as well as for trade. This is relatively straightforward for goods such as forest honey or shade-grown coffee, but potentially complex for services such as water purification, reducing risk from floods or other disasters or carbon sequestration. Developing certification systems for forest ecosystem services is one potential way to define, quantify and verify these services in a way that buyers can trust, and this is why certification of ecosystem services is promoted by a number of environmental and forestry NGOs. Certification of ecosystem services is a useful concept, but many practical and theoretical obstacles must be addressed before it can be put into practice. This paper is a review of existing development in certification of ecosystem services, with information useful for designing and implementing projects to evaluate the efficacy of new systems. We discuss the potential use of more holistic concepts for measuring management sustainability, which are to date undeveloped and untested, and recommend developing pilot projects that are specifically designed to address a number of challenges inherent to ecosystem service certification.

Author : Pia Katila,Carol J. Pierce Colfer,Wil de Jong,Glenn Galloway,Pablo Pacheco,Georg Winkel
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 653 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2019-12-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781108486996

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Sustainable Development Goals by Pia Katila,Carol J. Pierce Colfer,Wil de Jong,Glenn Galloway,Pablo Pacheco,Georg Winkel Pdf

A global assessment of potential and anticipated impacts of efforts to achieve the SDGs on forests and related socio-economic systems. This title is available as Open Access via Cambridge Core.

Author : Norman Clive Duke
Publisher : UN
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9280733974

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The Importance of Mangroves to People by Norman Clive Duke Pdf

"This global synthesis report serves as a call to action to decision makers. It provides a science-based synthesis of the different types of goods and services provided by mangroves and the associated risks in losing these services in the face of ongoing global habitat loss and degradation. The report provides management and policy options at the local, regional and global level with the aim of preventing further losses through effective conservation measures, sustainable management and successful restoration. In addtion to the report, key figures and maps are available to download as individual files."--Publisher's description.

Author : Trieu, V.H.,Pham, T.T.,Đào Thị, L.C.
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 54 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2020-12-18
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9786023871469

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Vietnam Forestry Development Strategy by Trieu, V.H.,Pham, T.T.,Đào Thị, L.C. Pdf

The Vietnam Forestry Development Strategy (VFDS) is one of the country’s most important plans for the forestry sector. The strategic directions, objectives and solutions within it differ from time to time, depending on the political goals and perspectives of the moment, as well as the role that the forestry sector plays in Vietnam’s overall socio-economic development. Regardless of such changes, inheriting lessons learned, developing the next strategy off the back of the experience gained from solving previous challenges, and taking advantage of opportunities, are always the top priorities of the Government of Vietnam. This report is the result of a collaboration between the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and the Vietnam Administration of Forestry (VNFOREST); it is intended to provide VNFOREST with input as they develop the new strategy. Based on secondary document research and stakeholder interviews, the report reviews achievements and challenges in the implementation of VFDS 2006–2020, as well as provides recommendations for policy makers to consider in the process of developing the new strategy. Research results show that, by 2020, Vietnam had exceeded a number of the goals set out in VFDS 2006–2020, including: (i) accelerating the growth of production value in the sector; (ii) increasing the export value of wood and forest products; (iii) increasing domestic wood production; and (iv) planting protection forest (PTF) and special-use forests (SUF). However, the forestry sector still faces many challenges when it comes to other key performance indicators, such as: (i) increasing the area of production forests (PDF) with certification of sustainable forest management (SFM); (ii) increasing large-diameter timber production; (iii) increasing revenue for forest environmental services (FES); (iv) securing forest and forest land for the purposes of allocation and leases; (v) reducing the number of poor households in forestry areas; and (vi) increasing the rate at which forestry workers are trained. Although some anticipated targets were not achieved, others were exceeded, for example: forest cover; reforestation after logging; reduction of forest protection violations; and scattered tree planting. That these goals were achieved or exceeded is the result of strong political commitment, policies trend-matching the market, improvements in central and local management capacity, the active support of international donors, and the involvement of civil society and the private sector. That some targets were not achieved is due to the challenges of implementing policy effectively, efficiently and equitably at grassroots level, lack of resources and funding, and some ambitious goals and targets not being realistic in the current economic, political and market contexts. Addressing these challenges requires a new approach and more effective economic, social and technical solutions. Development of VFDS 2021–2030 and the 2050 vision needs to consider the implementation achievements and challenges of the previous policy, as well as how to align with global trends, and balance these with the current political, economic and social development context in Vietnam. The direction of the new strategy must also be considered in the context of international requirements, to facilitate the mobilization of domestic and foreign financial resources to help modernize the industry, as well as enhance the forestry sector’s role and value in terms of poverty reduction, sustainable economic development and ensuring sustainable forest ecosystems.

Author : Phan Nguyen Hong,Hoʻang Thi San
Publisher : IUCN
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Mangrove ecology
ISBN : 283170166X

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Mangroves of Vietnam by Phan Nguyen Hong,Hoʻang Thi San Pdf

Author : William D. Sunderlin,Thu Ba Huynh
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2005-01-01
Category : Afforestation
ISBN : 9789793361574

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Poverty Alleviation and Forests in Vietnam by William D. Sunderlin,Thu Ba Huynh Pdf

Author : Ken W. Krauss,Zhiliang Zhu,Camille L. Stagg
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 484 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2021-11-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119639282

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Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management by Ken W. Krauss,Zhiliang Zhu,Camille L. Stagg Pdf

Explores how the management of wetlands can influence carbon storage and fluxes. Wetlands are vital natural assets, including their ability to take-up atmospheric carbon and restrict subsequent carbon loss to facilitate long-term storage. They can be deliberately managed to provide a natural solution to mitigate climate change, as well as to help offset direct losses of wetlands from various land-use changes and natural drivers. Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management presents a collection of wetland research studies from around the world to demonstrate how environmental management can improve carbon sequestration while enhancing wetland health and function. Volume highlights include: Overview of carbon storage in the landscape Introduction to wetland management practices Comparisons of natural, managed, and converted wetlands Impact of wetland management on carbon storage or loss Techniques for scientific assessment of wetland carbon processes Case studies covering tropical, coastal, inland, and northern wetlands Primer for carbon offset trading programs and how wetlands might contribute The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity.Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Author : Mark Spalding,Mami Kainuma,Lorna Collins
Publisher : Earthscan
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781849776608

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World Atlas of Mangroves by Mark Spalding,Mami Kainuma,Lorna Collins Pdf

"This atlas provides the first truly global assessment of the state of the world's mangroves. Written by the leading expert on mangroves with support from the top international researchers and conservation organizations, this full color atlas contains 60 full-page maps, hundreds of photographs and illustrations and a comprehensive country-by-country assessment of mangroves. Included are the first detailed estimates of changes in mangrove forestcover worldwide and at regional and national levels, an assessment of these changes and a country-by-country examination of biodiversity protection. The book also presents a wealth of global statistics on biodiversity, habitat area, loss and economic value which provide a unique record of mangroves against which future threats and changes can be evaluated. Case-studies, written by regional experts, provide insights into regional mangrove issues, including primary and potential productivity, biodiversity, and information on present and traditional uses and values and sustainable management."--Pub. desc.

Author : Kennedy Warne
Publisher : Island Press
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2012-07-16
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781610910248

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Let Them Eat Shrimp by Kennedy Warne Pdf

What’s the connection between a platter of jumbo shrimp at your local restaurant and murdered fishermen in Honduras, impoverished women in Ecuador, and disastrous hurricanes along America’s Gulf coast? Mangroves. Many people have never heard of these salt-water forests, but for those who depend on their riches, mangroves are indispensable. They are natural storm barriers, home to innumerable exotic creatures—from crabeating vipers to man-eating tigers—and provide food and livelihoods to millions of coastal dwellers. Now they are being destroyed to make way for shrimp farming and other coastal development. For those who stand in the way of these industries, the consequences can be deadly. In Let Them Eat Shrimp, Kennedy Warne takes readers into the muddy battle zone that is the mangrove forest. A tangle of snaking roots and twisted trunks, mangroves are often dismissed as foul wastelands. In fact, they are supermarkets of the sea, providing shellfish, crabs, honey, timber, and charcoal to coastal communities from Florida to South America to New Zealand. Generations have built their lives around mangroves and consider these swamps sacred. To shrimp farmers and land developers, mangroves simply represent a good investment. The tidal land on which they stand often has no title, so with a nod and wink from a compliant official, it can be turned from a public resource to a private possession. The forests are bulldozed, their traditional users dispossessed. The true price of shrimp farming and other coastal development has gone largely unheralded in the U.S. media. A longtime journalist, Warne now captures the insatiability of these industries and the magic of the mangroves. His vivid account will make every reader pause before ordering the shrimp.