Whose Welfare An Analysis Of Race Stigma And Otherization In Us Welfare Discourse

Author : Kaia Smith
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 63 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-02
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783668560673

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Whose Welfare? An Analysis of Race, Stigma, and Otherization in US Welfare Discourse by Kaia Smith Pdf

Master's Thesis from the year 2017 in the subject Sociology - Work, Profession, Education, Organisation, London School of Economics (International Inequalities Institute), course: Inequalities and Social Science, language: English, abstract: On 22 August 1996, President Clinton signed into law the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), the most significant reform of the US welfare state in half a century. Since then, the press has generally claimed welfare reform to be a success despite complicated trends illustrating that for many in need of social assistance, life has gotten harder, especially for ethnic/racial minorities. As minority populations on the welfare rolls increase and become more diverse, and redistribution becomes increasingly essential to low-income individuals, it is important to analyze the ideologies and values of the US welfare state in comparison with their context. To do this, I analyze the social construction of welfare recipients in US news discourse from 1996 until 2012 using an integrated content and discourse analysis testing for presence of and patterns within stigamtizing, otherizing, and/or racialized associations with welfare recipients. Generally, my findings illustrate that stigmatization, otherization, and racialization remained prevalent within welfare discourse over the period of analysis; although functioning separately, they reinforced each other to ultimately portray welfare recipients, especially Blacks and Hispanics, as unlikely to warrant public support.

Author : Robin H. Rogers-Dillon
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2004-04-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780804767033

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The Welfare Experiments by Robin H. Rogers-Dillon Pdf

Welfare experiments conducted at the state level during the 1990s radically restructured the American welfare state and have played a critical—and unexpected—role in the broader policymaking process. Through these experiments, previously unpopular reform ideas, such as welfare time limits, gained wide and enthusiastic support. Ultimately, the institutional legacy of the old welfare system was broken, new ideas took hold, and the welfare experiments generated a new institutional channel in policymaking. In this book, Rogers-Dillon argues that these welfare experiments were not simply scientific experiments, as their supporters frequently contend, but a powerful political tool that created a framework within which few could argue successfully against the welfare policy changes. Legislation proposed in 2002 formalized this channel of policymaking, permitting the executive, as opposed to legislative, branches of federal and state governments to renegotiate social policies—an unprecedented change in American policymaking. This book provides unique insight into how social policy is made in the United States, and how that process is changing.

Author : Joel Blau,Mimi Abramovitz
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 530 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780195385267

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The Dynamics of Social Welfare Policy by Joel Blau,Mimi Abramovitz Pdf

This third edition deploys its distinctive model of how policies develop to include an analysis of the social policy initiatives of the Obama administration. With more graphics, updated charts, and sidebars to highlight main points, this book explains the evolution of US social policy.

Author : Dominic Abrams,Great Britain. Equality and Human Rights Commission
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 111 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Discrimination
ISBN : 1842062700

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Processes of Prejudice by Dominic Abrams,Great Britain. Equality and Human Rights Commission Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Data and Methods for Measuring the Effects of Changes in Social Welfare Programs
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 538 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2002-01-20
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309076234

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Studies of Welfare Populations by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Data and Methods for Measuring the Effects of Changes in Social Welfare Programs Pdf

This volume, a companion to Evaluating Welfare Reform in an Era of Transition, is a collection of papers on data collection issues for welfare and low-income populations. The papers on survey issues cover methods for designing surveys taking into account nonresponse in advance, obtaining high response rates in telephone surveys, obtaining high response rates in in-person surveys, the effects of incentive payments, methods for adjusting for missing data in surveys of low-income populations, and measurement error issues in surveys, with a special focus on recall error. The papers on administrative data cover the issues of matching and cleaning, access and confidentiality, problems in measuring employment and income, and the availability of data on children. The papers on welfare leavers and welfare dynamics cover a comparison of existing welfare leaver studies, data from the state of Wisconsin on welfare leavers, and data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth used to construct measures of heterogeneity in the welfare population based on the recipient's own welfare experience. A final paper discusses qualitative data.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Pain Management and Regulatory Strategies to Address Prescription Opioid Abuse
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 483 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2017-09-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309459570

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Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Pain Management and Regulatory Strategies to Address Prescription Opioid Abuse Pdf

Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.

Author : Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada
Publisher : James Lorimer & Company
Page : 673 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2015-07-22
Category : History
ISBN : 9781459410695

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Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Volume One: Summary by Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada Pdf

This is the Final Report of Canada's Truth and Reconciliation Commission and its six-year investigation of the residential school system for Aboriginal youth and the legacy of these schools. This report, the summary volume, includes the history of residential schools, the legacy of that school system, and the full text of the Commission's 94 recommendations for action to address that legacy. This report lays bare a part of Canada's history that until recently was little-known to most non-Aboriginal Canadians. The Commission discusses the logic of the colonization of Canada's territories, and why and how policy and practice developed to end the existence of distinct societies of Aboriginal peoples. Using brief excerpts from the powerful testimony heard from Survivors, this report documents the residential school system which forced children into institutions where they were forbidden to speak their language, required to discard their clothing in favour of institutional wear, given inadequate food, housed in inferior and fire-prone buildings, required to work when they should have been studying, and subjected to emotional, psychological and often physical abuse. In this setting, cruel punishments were all too common, as was sexual abuse. More than 30,000 Survivors have been compensated financially by the Government of Canada for their experiences in residential schools, but the legacy of this experience is ongoing today. This report explains the links to high rates of Aboriginal children being taken from their families, abuse of drugs and alcohol, and high rates of suicide. The report documents the drastic decline in the presence of Aboriginal languages, even as Survivors and others work to maintain their distinctive cultures, traditions, and governance. The report offers 94 calls to action on the part of governments, churches, public institutions and non-Aboriginal Canadians as a path to meaningful reconciliation of Canada today with Aboriginal citizens. Even though the historical experience of residential schools constituted an act of cultural genocide by Canadian government authorities, the United Nation's declaration of the rights of aboriginal peoples and the specific recommendations of the Commission offer a path to move from apology for these events to true reconciliation that can be embraced by all Canadians.

Author : Anwar Elsharkawy
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 39 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2017-01-02
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783668372771

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Critical Discourse Analysis and Discourse of Power by Anwar Elsharkawy Pdf

Scientific Essay from the year 2012 in the subject Speech Science / Linguistics, grade: Excellent with honor, , course: Critical Discourse Analysis, language: English, abstract: The present paper has shown the practical part of CDA according to three scholars, namely they are Norman Fairclough, Ruth Wodak, and Teun van Dijk. Their approaches are somehow different in method and way of interpretation. While Fairclough is brought up on the systemic-functional model of theory and thus often concentrates on rather limited amounts of research material, Wodak turns to sociolinguistics and ethnography with an emphasis on corpus-based research and on work with different approaches with a variety of empirical data as well as background information. However, the notion that language is inherently social remains a key assumption in both approaches. On the other hand, similarly to Fairclough, van Dijk acknowledges three different perspectives; text, discourse practice and sociocultural practice, and emphasizes on the link between textual analysis and sociocultural analysis. However, van Dijk differentiates himself from both Fairclough and Wodak in his understanding of social events or of social institutions and power relations. To van Dijk, social cognitions mediate between micro- and macro-levels of society, between discourse and action, between the individual and the group. Therefore, the focus on social cognition governs the process of analysis.

Author : Melissa Kearney,Benjamin Harris
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 508 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2014-06-19
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780815726470

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Policies to Address Poverty in America by Melissa Kearney,Benjamin Harris Pdf

One-in-seven adults and one-in-five children in the United States live in poverty. Individuals and families living in povertyÊnot only lack basic, material necessities, but they are also disproportionally afflicted by many social and economic challenges. Some of these challenges include the increased possibility of an unstable home situation, inadequate education opportunities at all levels, and a high chance of crime and victimization. Given this growing social, economic, and political concern, The Hamilton Project at Brookings asked academic experts to develop policy proposals confronting the various challenges of AmericaÕs poorest citizens, and to introduce innovative approaches to addressing poverty.ÊWhen combined, the scope and impact of these proposals has the potential to vastly improve the lives of the poor. The resulting 14 policy memos are included in The Hamilton ProjectÕs Policies to Address Poverty in America. The main areas of focus include promoting early childhood development, supporting disadvantaged youth, building worker skills, and improving safety net and work support.

Author : Jonathan D. Avery,Joseph J. Avery
Publisher : Springer
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2019-01-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030025809

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The Stigma of Addiction by Jonathan D. Avery,Joseph J. Avery Pdf

This book explores the stigma of addiction and discusses ways to improve negative attitudes for better health outcomes. Written by experts in the field of addiction, the text takes a reader-friendly approach to the essentials of addiction stigma across settings and demographics. The authors reveal the challenges patients face in the spaces that should be the safest, including the home, the workplace, the justice system, and even the clinical community. The text aims to deliver tools to professionals who work with individuals with substance use disorders and lay persons seeking to combat stigma and promote recovery. The Stigma of Addiction is an excellent resource for psychiatrists, addiction medicine specialists, students across specialties, researchers, public health officials, and individuals with substance use disorders and their families.

Author : Theo van Leeuwen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2008-05-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780199886616

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Discourse and Practice by Theo van Leeuwen Pdf

Adding a new introduction and two previously unpublished papers, Discourse and Practice: New Tools for Critical Discourse Analysis brings together van Leeuwen's methodological work on discourse analysis of the last 15 years. Discourse, van Leeuwen argues, is a resource for representation, a knowledge about some aspect of reality which can be drawn upon when that aspect of reality has to be represented, a framework for making sense of things. And they are plural. There can be different discourses, different ways of making sense of the same aspect of reality that serve different interests and will therefore be used in different social contexts. However abstract some discourses are, discourses ultimately always represent doings, van Leeuwen argues. Doing is the foundation of knowing, and social practices are the foundation of discourses. Studying children's books, newspaper reports, brochures and other texts, as well as photographs and children's toys, van Leeuwen investigates what can happen when practices are transformed into discourses and provides analytical tools for reconstructing discourses from texts. Throughout the book, van Leeuwen makes connections between sociological and linguistic or semiotic concepts and methods to ensure the social and critical relevance of his analytical categories. van Leeuwen's work has already been widely used by critical discourse analysts across the world. This volume will be a welcome guide for anyone looking for a form of discourse analysis that is both explicit and methodical, and critically incisive.

Author : International Commission on the Futures of Education
Publisher : UNESCO Publishing
Page : 185 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2021-11-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789231004780

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Reimagining our futures together by International Commission on the Futures of Education Pdf

The interwoven futures of humanity and our planet are under threat. Urgent action, taken together, is needed to change course and reimagine our futures.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee on Assessing Genetic Risks
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 1994-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309047982

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Assessing Genetic Risks by Institute of Medicine,Committee on Assessing Genetic Risks Pdf

Raising hopes for disease treatment and prevention, but also the specter of discrimination and "designer genes," genetic testing is potentially one of the most socially explosive developments of our time. This book presents a current assessment of this rapidly evolving field, offering principles for actions and research and recommendations on key issues in genetic testing and screening. Advantages of early genetic knowledge are balanced with issues associated with such knowledge: availability of treatment, privacy and discrimination, personal decision-making, public health objectives, cost, and more. Among the important issues covered: Quality control in genetic testing. Appropriate roles for public agencies, private health practitioners, and laboratories. Value-neutral education and counseling for persons considering testing. Use of test results in insurance, employment, and other settings.

Author : Herbert Obinger,Stephan Leibfried,Francis G. Castles
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 381 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2005-06-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780521847384

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Federalism and the Welfare State by Herbert Obinger,Stephan Leibfried,Francis G. Castles Pdf

In this unique and provocative contribution to the literatures of political science and social policy, ten leading experts question prevailing views that federalism always inhibits the growth of social solidarity. Their comparative study of the evolution of political institutions and welfare states in the six oldest federal states - Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, Switzerland, the US - reveals that federalism can facilitate and impede social policy development. Development is contingent on several time-dependent factors, including degree of democratization, type of federalism, and the stage of welfare state development and early distribution of social policy responsibility. The reciprocal nature of the federalism-social policy relationship also becomes apparent: the authors identify a set of important bypass structures within federal systems that have resulted from welfare state growth. In an era of retrenchment and unravelling unitary states, this study suggests that federalism may actually protect the welfare state, and welfare states may enhance national integration.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Policy and Global Affairs,Science and Technology for Sustainability Program,Committee on an Evaluation of Permanent Supportive Housing Programs for Homeless Individuals
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2018-07-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309477079

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Permanent Supportive Housing by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Policy and Global Affairs,Science and Technology for Sustainability Program,Committee on an Evaluation of Permanent Supportive Housing Programs for Homeless Individuals Pdf

Chronic homelessness is a highly complex social problem of national importance. The problem has elicited a variety of societal and public policy responses over the years, concomitant with fluctuations in the economy and changes in the demographics of and attitudes toward poor and disenfranchised citizens. In recent decades, federal agencies, nonprofit organizations, and the philanthropic community have worked hard to develop and implement programs to solve the challenges of homelessness, and progress has been made. However, much more remains to be done. Importantly, the results of various efforts, and especially the efforts to reduce homelessness among veterans in recent years, have shown that the problem of homelessness can be successfully addressed. Although a number of programs have been developed to meet the needs of persons experiencing homelessness, this report focuses on one particular type of intervention: permanent supportive housing (PSH). Permanent Supportive Housing focuses on the impact of PSH on health care outcomes and its cost-effectiveness. The report also addresses policy and program barriers that affect the ability to bring the PSH and other housing models to scale to address housing and health care needs.