Why Is Son Preference Declining In South Korea

Author : Woojin Chung,Monica Das Gupta
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Health, Nutrition and Population
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Why is Son Preference Declining in South Korea? by Woojin Chung,Monica Das Gupta Pdf

Abstract: For years, South Korea presented the puzzling phenomenon of steeply rising sex ratios at birth despite rapid development, including in women's education and formal employment. This paper shows that son preference decreased in response to development, but its manifestation continued until the mid-1990s due to improved sex-selection technology. The paper analyzes unusually rich survey data, and finds that the impact of development worked largely through triggering normative changes across the whole society - rather than just through changes in individuals as their socio-economic circumstances changed. The findings show that nearly three-quarters of the decline in son preference between 1991 and 2003 is attributable to normative change, and the rest to increases in the proportions of urban and educated people. South Korea is now the first Asian country to reverse the trend in rising sex ratios at birth. The paper discusses the cultural underpinnings of son preference in pre-industrial Korea, and how these were unraveled by industrialization and urbanization, while being buttressed by public policies upholding the patriarchal family system. Finally, the authors hypothesize that child sex ratios in China and India will decline well before they reach South Korean levels of development, since they have vigorous programs to accelerate normative change to reduce son preference.

Author : Yŏng-t'aek Kim (Researcher in women's studies)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Sex of children, Parental preferences for
ISBN : 8984918482

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A Review on Decline of Son Preference in South Korea by Yŏng-t'aek Kim (Researcher in women's studies) Pdf

Author : Isabelle Attané
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-26
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319002361

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The Demographic Masculinization of China by Isabelle Attané Pdf

This book describes the shortage of girls and women in present day China and focuses on two important features: the sex imbalance in childhood and youth, and the excess mortality of women at various stages of their life. The author analyzes the causes and the processes of a strong preference for sons, which generates discrimination toward females and results in a shortage of girls and women. China’s higher proportion of men than women is a population characteristic that is shared by very few countries in the world. This demographic masculinity is unprecedented in the documented history of human populations, both in scale and its lasting impact on the numbers and the structure of the population. Despite the economic boom of recent years, many families in China still consider girls to be less important than boys. Although Chinese women have become largely emancipated since the 1950s, they still do not have the same opportunities for social achievement as men, and Chinese society remains fundamentally rooted in highly gendered social and family roles. As a consequence, Chinese girl babies who have the misfortune to be born instead of a long-awaited son go by various names, such as Pandi (literally "awaiting a son"), Laidi ("a son will follow"), or Yehao ("she'll do too"). The book provides a comprehensive review of the situation of women in China’s society and shows that discrimination against girls and women is part of a system of norms and values that traditionally favours males.

Author : Woojin Chung,Monica Das Gupta
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2024-07-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Why is Son Preference Declining in South Korea? by Woojin Chung,Monica Das Gupta Pdf

Author : Christophe Guilmoto
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 425 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Daughters
ISBN : 2910053296

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Watering the Neighbour's Garden by Christophe Guilmoto Pdf

Author : Ronald R. Rindfuss,Minja Kim Choe
Publisher : Springer
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2015-10-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319214825

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Low and Lower Fertility by Ronald R. Rindfuss,Minja Kim Choe Pdf

This volume examines two distinct low fertility scenarios that have emerged in economically advanced countries since the turn of the 20th century: one in which fertility is at or near replacement-level and the other where fertility is well below replacement. It explores the way various institutions, histories and cultures influence fertility in a diverse range of countries in Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. The book features invited papers from the Conference on Low Fertility, Population Aging and Population Policy, held December 2013 and co-sponsored by the East-West Center and the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA). It first presents an overview of the demographic and policy implications of the two low fertility scenarios. Next, the book explores five countries currently experiencing low fertility rates: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore and South Korea. It then examines three countries that have close to replacement-level fertility: Australia, the Netherlands and the United States. Each country is featured in a separate chapter written by a demographer with expert knowledge in the area. Very low fertility is linked to a number of conditions countries face, including a declining population size. At the same time, low fertility and its effect on the age structure, threatens social welfare policies. This book goes beyond the technical to examine the core institutional, policy and cultural factors behind this increasingly important issue. It helps readers to make cross-country comparisons and gain insight into how diverse institutions, policies and culture shape fertility levels and patterns.

Author : Elizabeth Croll
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2002-01-04
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781134538829

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Endangered Daughters by Elizabeth Croll Pdf

This unique and groundbreaking book seeks to re-focus gender debate onto the issue of daughter discrimination - a phenomenon still hidden and unacknowledged across the world. It asks the controversial question of why millions of girls do not appear to be surviving to adulthood in contemporary Asia. In the first major study available of this emotive and sensitive issue, Elisabeth Croll investigates the extent of discrimination against female children in Asia and shifts the focus of attention firmly from son-preference to daughter-discrimination. This book brings together demographic data and anthropological field studies to reveal the multiple ways in which girls are disadvantaged, from excessive child mortality to the withholding of health care and education on the basis of gender. Focusing especially on China and India, the book reveals the surprising coincidence of increasing daughter discrimination with rising economic development, declining fertility and the generally improved status of women in East and South Asia. Essential reading for all those interested in gender in contemporary society.

Author : Mee-Hae Park
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Electronic
ISBN : WISC:89013213269

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Variation in Son-preference Effects on Fertility in Korea by Mee-Hae Park Pdf

Author : Anne Hellum,Henriette Sinding Aasen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 699 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2013-07-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781107276734

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Women's Human Rights by Anne Hellum,Henriette Sinding Aasen Pdf

As an instrument which addresses the circumstances which affect women's lives and enjoyment of rights in a diverse world, the CEDAW is slowly but surely making its mark on the development of international and national law. Using national case studies from South Asia, Southern Africa, Australia, Canada and Northern Europe, Women's Human Rights examines the potential and actual added value of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women in comparison and interaction with other equality and anti-discrimination mechanisms. The studies demonstrate how state and non-state actors have invoked, adopted or resisted the CEDAW and related instruments in different legal, political, economic and socio-cultural contexts, and how the various international, regional and national regimes have drawn inspiration and learned from each other.

Author : Stuart Gietel-Basten,John Casterline,Minja Kim Choe
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2018-11-30
Category : POLITICAL SCIENCE
ISBN : 9781785363559

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Family Demography in Asia by Stuart Gietel-Basten,John Casterline,Minja Kim Choe Pdf

The demographic future of Asia is a global issue. As the biggest driver of population growth, an understanding of patterns and trends in fertility throughout Asia is critical to understand our shared demographic future. This is the first book to comprehensively and systematically analyse fertility across the continent through the perspective of individuals themselves rather than as a consequence of top-down government policies.

Author : Kyung-Sup Chang
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2010-04-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136990250

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South Korea under Compressed Modernity by Kyung-Sup Chang Pdf

The condensed social change and complex social order governing South Koreans’ life cannot be satisfactorily delineated by relying on West-derived social theories or culturalist arguments. Nor can various globally eye-catching traits of this society in industrial work, education, popular culture, and a host of other areas be analyzed without developing innovative conceptual tools and theoretical frameworks designed to tackle the South Korean uniqueness directly. This book provides a fascinating account of South Korean society and its contemporary transformation. Focusing on the family as the most crucial micro foundation of South Korea’s economic, social, and political life, Chang demonstrates a shrewd insight into the ways in which family relations and family based interests shape the structural and institutional changes ongoing in South Korea today. While the excessive educational pursuit, family-exploitative welfare, gender-biased industrialization, virtual demise of peasantry, and familial industrial governance in this society have been frequently discussed by local and international scholarship, the author innovatively explicates these remarkable trends from an integrative theoretical perspective of compressed modernity. The family-centered social order and everyday life in South Korea are analyzed as components and consequences of compressed modernity. South Korea under Compressed Modernity is an essential read for anyone studying Contemporary Korea or the development of East Asian societies more generally.

Author : Laura Rahm
Publisher : Springer
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2019-07-18
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783030202347

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Gender-Biased Sex Selection in South Korea, India and Vietnam by Laura Rahm Pdf

This book provides an in-depth analysis of the influence of public policy on sex selection. Three Asian countries were chosen for the comparative policy analysis, namely South Korea, India and Vietnam that share in common a historical legacy of son preference, high levels of sex imbalances and active policy response to curbing the growing demographic masculinization of their nations. The research based on the data collected from field work in the three countries shows that despite the adoption of very similar anti-sex selection policies the outcomes have been markedly different for each of the three countries. These unexpected diverse outcomes are explained partly by their different historical and cultural contexts, and partly to the different social, political and economic institutions and dynamics. This monograph offers careful and detailed explanations of both within and across country diversities in policy outcomes, pointing to the importance and the limits of cross-national policy learning and adoption, and raising questions about the efficacy of international organizations’ current approaches to global policy and knowledge transfer.

Author : Hŭi-yŏn Cho,Lawrence Surendra,Hyo-je Cho
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780415691390

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Contemporary South Korean Society by Hŭi-yŏn Cho,Lawrence Surendra,Hyo-je Cho Pdf

The growing importance of the Korean economy in the global arena and the spread of the so-called 'Korean wave' in Asia mean there is an increasing desire to understand contemporary Korean Society. To this end, this book provides a critical and progressive analysis of the diverse issues that impact on and shape contemporary Korean society at both local and national levels. The contributors address issues and movements which include: The state and regime Human rights Gender Civil society and social movements Culture Religion Domestic and migrant labour Welfare The chapters in this volume provide a critical perspective on Korean society, and draw upon interdisciplinary research from across the social sciences. With contributions from leading Korean scholars and academics from around the world, this is a welcome addition to the growing field of Korean Studies, and will be of great interest to students and scholars interested in Korean studies, Korean and Asian culture and society, and Asian studies more generally.

Author : Collectif
Publisher : Institut français de Pondichéry
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2020-10-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9791036549861

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Gender discriminations among young children in Asia by Collectif Pdf

Subsequent to the demographic transition, Asian countries have been experiencing deep-rooted changes in family structures. In this context, the question of gender relations within the family, and more generally within society, is crucial, in view of the increase in discriminatory practices toward women, beginning at foetal conception and continuing through all stages of life. Asia is the “black continent” for women. Estimates place the deficit in the number of women in the world at between 60 and 100 million, the vast majority of which is found on this continent. This book focuses on the intensity of female discrimination, from a demographic perspective, in the earliest stages of life, and more specifically around birth, in China, India, Pakistan, the Republic of Korea and Taiwan. These societies share cultural characteristics that are not favourable to women: patriarchal systems, patrilineal families, socialization processes encouraging the submission of wives to their husband's family, etc. In these societies, a son is needed to perpetuate the family line and ensure social and biological reproduction of the family. These are among the reasons why they share a strong son preference, which is in some cases accentuated by economic constraints. A son is generally the only person to support his parents in old age, and as a rule help with work in the fields. Moreover, girls and women still occupy a marginal position in society, whereas a male heir offers countless advantages.

Author : Ravinder Kaur (Professor)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : China
ISBN : 8125062491

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Too Many Men, Too Few Women by Ravinder Kaur (Professor) Pdf

Contributed articles.