Without Good Reason

Author : Edward Stein
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1996-01-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191584725

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Without Good Reason by Edward Stein Pdf

Are humans rational? Various experiments performed over the last several decades have been interpreted as showing that humans are irrational—we make significant and consistent errors in logical reasoning, probabilistic reasoning, similarity judgements, and risk-assessment, to name a few areas. But can these experiments establish human irrationality, or is it a conceptual truth that humans must be rational, as various philosophers have argued? In this book, Edward Stein offers a clear critical account of this debate about rationality in philosophy and cognitive science. He discusses concepts of rationality—the pictures of rationality that the debate centres on—and assesses the empirical evidence used to argue that humans are irrational. He concludes that the question of human rationality must be answered not conceptually but empirically, using the full resources of an advanced cognitive science. Furthermore, he extends this conclusion to argue that empirical considerations are also relevant to the theory of knowledge—in other words, that epistemology should be naturalized.

Author : Jeffrey A. Lenowitz
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 401 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2022-03-10
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780192593481

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Constitutional Ratification without Reason by Jeffrey A. Lenowitz Pdf

This volume focuses on constitutional ratification, the procedure in which a draft constitution is submitted by its creators to the people or their representatives in an up or down vote determining implementation. Ratification is increasingly common and routinely recommended by experts. Nonetheless, it is neither neutral nor inevitable. Constitutions can be made without it and when it is used it has significant effects. This raises the central question of the book: should ratification be recommended? Put another way: is there a reason for treating the procedure as a default for the constitution-making process? Surprisingly, these questions are rarely asked. The procedure's worth is assumed, not demonstrated, while ratification is generally overlooked in the literature. In fact, this is the first sustained study of ratification. To address these oversights, this book defines ratification and its types, explains the procedure's effects, conceptual origins, and history, and then concentrates on finding reasons for its use. Specifically, it builds up and analyzes the three most likely normative justifications. These urge the implementation of ratification because the procedure: enables the constituent power to make its constitution; fosters representation during constitution-making; or helps create a legitimate constitution. Ultimately, these justifications are found wanting, leading to the conclusion that ratification lacks a convincing, context-independent justification. Thus, until new arguments are developed, experts should not give recommendations for ratification as a matter of course, practitioners should not reach for it uncritically, and-more generally-one should avoid the blanket application of concepts from democratic theory to extraordinary contexts such as constitution-making.

Author : David Owens
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2002-11-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134593286

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Reason Without Freedom by David Owens Pdf

We call beliefs reasonable or unreasonable, justified or unjustified. What does this imply about belief? Does this imply that we are responsible for our beliefs and that we should be blamed for our unreasonable convictions? Or does it imply that we are in control of our beliefs and that what we believe is up to us? Reason Without Freedom argues that the major problems of epistemology have their roots in concerns about our control over and responsibility for belief. David Owens focuses on the arguments of Descartes, Locke and Hume - the founders of epistemology - and presents a critical discussion of the current trends in contemporary epistemology. He proposes that the problems we confront today - scepticism, the analysis of knowlege, and debates on epistemic justification - can be tackled only once we have understood the moral psychology of belief. This can be resolved when we realise that our responsibility for beliefs is profoundly different from our rationality and agency, and that memory and testimony can preserve justified belief without preserving the evidence which might be used to justify it. Reason Without Freedom should be of value to those interested in contemporary epistemology, philosophy of mind and action, ethics, and the history of 17th and 18th century.

Author : James F. Reda,Stewart Reifler,Michael L. Stevens
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 752 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2014-04-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781118370612

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The Compensation Committee Handbook by James F. Reda,Stewart Reifler,Michael L. Stevens Pdf

New and updated information on the laws and regulations affecting executive compensation Now in a thoroughly updated Fourth Edition, The Compensation Committee Handbook provides a comprehensive review of the complex issues challenging compensation committees that face revised executive compensation disclosure regulations issued by the SEC, as well as GAAP and IFRS rulings and trends. This new and updated edition addresses a full range of functional issues facing compensation committees, including organizing, planning, and best practices tips. Looks at the latest regulations impacting executive compensation, including new regulations issued by the SEC, as well as GAAP and IFRS rulings and trends Covers the selection and training of compensation committee members Explores how to make compensation committees a performance driver for a company Guides documentation requirements and timing issues The Compensation Committee Handbook, Fourth Edition will help all compensation committee members and interested professionals succeed in melding highly complex technical information and concepts with both corporate governance principles and sound business judgment.

Author : Michael Rectenwald,Rochelle Almeida,George Levine
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 355 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2015-10-16
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781614516750

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Global Secularisms in a Post-Secular Age by Michael Rectenwald,Rochelle Almeida,George Levine Pdf

Global Secularisms addresses the state of and prospects for secularism globally. Drawing from multiple fields, it brings together theoretical discussion and empirical case studies that illustrate "on-the-ground," extant secularisms as they interact with various religious, political, social, and economic contexts. Its point of departure is the fact that secularism is plural and that various secularisms have developed in various contexts and from various traditions around the world. Secularism takes on different social meanings and political valences wherever it is expressed. The essays collected here provide numerous points of contact between empirical case studies and theoretical reflection. This multiplicity informs and challenges the conceptual theorization of secularism as a universal doctrine. Analyses of different regions enrich our understanding of the meanings of secularism, providing comparative range to our notions of secularity. Theoretical treatments help to inform our understanding of secularism in context, enabling readers to discern what is at stake in the various regional expressions of secularity globally. While the bulk of the essays are case-based research, the current thinking of leading theorists and scholars is also included.

Author : Neil Ormerod
Publisher : Augsburg Fortress Publishers
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781451464696

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A Public God by Neil Ormerod Pdf

Natural theology is a philosophical site that is hotly debated and controversialit is claimed by Roman Catholics, Protestants, and Evangelicals as a crucial vantage point for the intersection of theology, philosophy, science, and politics. It is strongly contested by some theologians, such as those influenced by Barth, as well as some philosophers and scientists. This volume steers through these troubled waters, arguing for reclamation of a natural theology that withstands the challenges from within and without the Christian tradition and accrues to a vital public and political witness.

Author : Stephen Mark Gardiner,Allen Thompson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 617 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199941339

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The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Ethics by Stephen Mark Gardiner,Allen Thompson Pdf

This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note that the online publication date for this handbook is the date that the first article in the title was published online.

Author : Bruce E. Levine
Publisher : AK Press
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2022-06-22
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781849354615

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A Profession Without Reason by Bruce E. Levine Pdf

There is today a crisis in psychiatry. Even the former director of the National Institute of Mental Health, Thomas Insel, has said: “Whatever we’ve been doing for five decades, it ain’t working.” The field requires a completely fresh look, and clinical psychologist Bruce Levine—a man often at odds with his profession—enlists the early Enlightenment philosopher Baruch de Spinoza to help work through the problem. Readers unfamiliar with Spinoza will be intrigued by the modern relevance of his radical philosophical, psychological, and political ideas. Levine compares the radical/moderate divide among Enlightenment thinkers to a similar divergence between contemporary critics of psychiatry, siding historically with Spinoza in order to bring an equivalent intellectual force to bear upon our modern crisis and calling for new forms of free and enlightened thinking.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 786 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1892
Category : Engineering
ISBN : UOM:39015010940164

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Michigan Engineers' Annual Containing the Proceedings of the Michigan Engineering Society by Anonim Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 636 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1887
Category : Electronic
ISBN : UOM:39015034808835

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The Academy and Literature by Anonim Pdf

Author : Alan Charles Kors
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 339 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2016-06-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107106635

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Naturalism and Unbelief in France, 1650-1729 by Alan Charles Kors Pdf

This book shows how absolute naturalism, deciphering nature without reference to God, emerged from the inheritance, dynamics and debates of orthodox culture.

Author : Mylan Engel,Gary Lynn Comstock
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2016-03-16
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781498531917

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The Moral Rights of Animals by Mylan Engel,Gary Lynn Comstock Pdf

Edited by Mylan Engel Jr. and Gary Lynn Comstock, this book employs different ethical lenses, including classical deontology, libertarianism, commonsense morality, virtue ethics, utilitarianism, and the capabilities approach, to explore the philosophical basis for the strong animal rights view, which holds that animals have moral rights equal in strength to the rights of humans, while also addressing what are undoubtedly the most serious challenges to the strong animal rights stance, including the challenges posed by rights nihilism, the “kind” argument against animal rights, the problem of predation, and the comparative value of lives. In addition, contributors explore the practical import of animal rights both from a social policy standpoint and from the standpoint of personal ethical decisions concerning what to eat and whether to hunt animals. Unlike other volumes on animal rights, which focus primarily on the legal rights of animals, and unlike other anthologies on animal ethics, which tend to cover a wide variety of topics but only devote a few articles to each topic, this volume focuses exclusively on the question of whether animals have moral rights and the practical import of such rights. The Moral Rights of Animals will be an indispensable resource for scholars, teachers, and students in the fields of animal ethics, applied ethics, ethical theory, and human-animal studies, as well as animal rights advocates and policy makers interested in improving the treatment of animals.

Author : Robert Malcolm Murray
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Page : 411 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Contractarianism (Ethics).
ISBN : 9780773551114

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Morals and Consent by Robert Malcolm Murray Pdf

How are we meant to behave? And how are we to defend whatever answer we give? Morals and Consent grounds our notion of morality in natural evolution, and from that basis, Malcolm Murray shows why contractarianism is a far more viable moral theory than is widely believed. The scope of Morals and Consent has two main parts: theory and application. In his discussion of theory, Murray defends contractarianism by appealing to evolutionary game theory and metaethical analyses. His main argument is that we are not going to find morality as an objective fact in the world, and that instead, we can understand morality as a reciprocal cooperative trait. From this minimal moral architecture, Murray derives his innovative consent principle. The application of the theory, detailing what contractarians can - or ought to - say about moral matters, takes up the greater portion of the work. Murray offers a trenchant examination of what moral constraints we can claim concerning death (abortion, euthanasia, and capital punishment), sex (pornography, prostitution, and sexual assault), beneficence (toward present and future people, animals, and the environment), and liberty (genetic enhancement, organ sales, and torture). By focusing on evolutionary contractarianism and the epistemic justification of our moral claims - or lack thereof - Malcolm Murray's Morals and Consent is a serious advance in the field of applied ethics and fills an important void.

Author : Tobias George Smollett
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 708 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1883
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OXFORD:600064536

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The adventures of Peregrine Pickle, in which are included memoirs of a lady of quality by Tobias George Smollett Pdf

Author : United States. Bureau of Chemistry
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1492 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1893
Category : Agricultural chemistry
ISBN : PSU:000018604627

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Bulletin - Bureau of Chemistry by United States. Bureau of Chemistry Pdf