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Women's Chaning Participation in the Labor Force by T. Paul Schultz Pdf
Research has rarely tested the proposition that women have lost more than men when low- income countries introduce minimum wage legislation and certain other labor market regulations that raise the cost of labor to firms compared with families. But such interventions in the labor market may slow women's transition from nonmarket and family work to employment by firms. And that may affect the rate and structure of economic growth.
Education, Labor Force Participation and Changing Fertility Patterns by Maria Stanfors Pdf
This book deals with women and socioeconomic change in twentieth century Sweden. The main focus is on how women's education and labor force participation have affected fertility over time. Although many perceive Sweden as a country where men and women hav
Women Working Longer by Claudia Goldin,Lawrence F. Katz Pdf
Today, more American women than ever before stay in the workforce into their sixties and seventies. This trend emerged in the 1980s, and has persisted during the past three decades, despite substantial changes in macroeconomic conditions. Why is this so? Today’s older American women work full-time jobs at greater rates than women in other developed countries. In Women Working Longer, editors Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz assemble new research that presents fresh insights on the phenomenon of working longer. Their findings suggest that education and work experience earlier in life are connected to women’s later-in-life work. Other contributors to the volume investigate additional factors that may play a role in late-life labor supply, such as marital disruption, household finances, and access to retirement benefits. A pioneering study of recent trends in older women’s labor force participation, this collection offers insights valuable to a wide array of social scientists, employers, and policy makers.
Women in the Labor Force by Anna Fruttero,Daniel Gurara,Ms.Lisa L Kolovich,Vivian Malta,Ms.Marina Mendes Tavares,Nino Tchelishvili,Ms.Stefania Fabrizio Pdf
Despite the increase in female labor force participation over the past three decades, women still do not have the same opportunities as men to participate in economic activities in most countries. The average female labor force participation rate across countries is still 20 percentage points lower than the male rate, and gender gaps in wages and access to education persist. As shown by earlier work, including by the IMF, greater gender equality boosts economic growth and leads to better development and social outcomes. Gender equality is also one of the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals that 193 countries committed to achieve by 2030.
Fair Play by Mr.Christian Gonzales,Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Monique Newiak Pdf
This Staff Discussion Note examines the effect of gender-based legal restrictions and other policy choices and demographic characteristics on female labor force participation. Drawing on a large and novel panel data set of gender-related legal restrictions, the study finds that restrictions on women’s rights to inheritance and property, as well as legal impediments to undertaking economic activities such as opening a bank account or freely pursuing a profession, are strongly associated with larger gender gaps in labor force participation. These factors have a significant additional impact on female labor force participation over and above the effects of demographic characteristics and policies. In many cases, the gender gaps caused by these restrictions also have macro-critical effects in terms of an impact on GDP. The results from this study suggest that it would be beneficial to level the playing field by removing obstacles that prevent women from becoming economically active if they choose to do so. In recommending equal opportunities, however, this study does not intend to render a judgment of countries’ broadly accepted cultural and religious norms.
Women in Labour Markets by Sara Elder,International Labour Office Pdf
Offers an analysis of 12 indicators from the ILO Key Indicators of the Labour Market database. The aim is to look for progress or lack of progress towards the goal of gender equality in the world of work and identify where and why blockages to labour market equity continue to exist. Focuses on the relationship of women to labour markets and compares employment outcomes for men and women to the best degree possible given the available labour market indicators.
Evolution of the Female Labour Force Participation Rate in Canada, 1976-1994 by Paul Beaudry,Thomas Lemieux,Canada. Human Resources Development Canada. Applied Research Branch Pdf
Fair Play by Mr.Christian Gonzales,Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Monique Newiak Pdf
This Staff Discussion Note examines the effect of gender-based legal restrictions and other policy choices and demographic characteristics on female labor force participation. Drawing on a large and novel panel data set of gender-related legal restrictions, the study finds that restrictions on women’s rights to inheritance and property, as well as legal impediments to undertaking economic activities such as opening a bank account or freely pursuing a profession, are strongly associated with larger gender gaps in labor force participation. These factors have a significant additional impact on female labor force participation over and above the effects of demographic characteristics and policies. In many cases, the gender gaps caused by these restrictions also have macro-critical effects in terms of an impact on GDP. The results from this study suggest that it would be beneficial to level the playing field by removing obstacles that prevent women from becoming economically active if they choose to do so. In recommending equal opportunities, however, this study does not intend to render a judgment of countries’ broadly accepted cultural and religious norms.
Female Labor Force Participation and Economic Development by S. Haber Pdf
The study focuses on the relationship between economic development and trends in female labor force participation. The discussion is confined to the United States. The study is divided into four parts. With economic development, longevity has increased - more so for females than for males. As a result, the share of females and elderly persons in the working-age population has increased. For the periods 1900-1930 and 1930-1950, the relation between changes in the sex-age composition of the working-age population and the rise in the share of females in the labor force is investigated. In section II, factors that may influence the supply of female labor services at a moment of time and over time are surveyed. The variables include (1) the decline in the birth rate and in average family size, (2) the spread of education, (3) urbanization, (4) the reduction in the length of the work week, (5) changes in the legal, political, and social statue of women, (6) the growth in real income, and (7) the reduction in housework. In section III factors influencing the demand for female labor services are examined. The analysis is based on the relation between the job characteristics of various occupations and the characteristics of women as active workers. in section IV a procedure is adopted for testing the relation between the growth of the distribution and service industries and the rise in the share of females in the labor force.
National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Mathematical Sciences and Their Applications,Committee on the Long-Run Macroeconomic Effects of the Aging U.S. Population
Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Mathematical Sciences and Their Applications,Committee on the Long-Run Macroeconomic Effects of the Aging U.S. Population Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 230 pages File Size : 45,9 Mb Release : 2013-01-10 Category : Social Science ISBN : 9780309261968
Aging and the Macroeconomy by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Mathematical Sciences and Their Applications,Committee on the Long-Run Macroeconomic Effects of the Aging U.S. Population Pdf
The United States is in the midst of a major demographic shift. In the coming decades, people aged 65 and over will make up an increasingly large percentage of the population: The ratio of people aged 65+ to people aged 20-64 will rise by 80%. This shift is happening for two reasons: people are living longer, and many couples are choosing to have fewer children and to have those children somewhat later in life. The resulting demographic shift will present the nation with economic challenges, both to absorb the costs and to leverage the benefits of an aging population. Aging and the Macroeconomy: Long-Term Implications of an Older Population presents the fundamental factors driving the aging of the U.S. population, as well as its societal implications and likely long-term macroeconomic effects in a global context. The report finds that, while population aging does not pose an insurmountable challenge to the nation, it is imperative that sensible policies are implemented soon to allow companies and households to respond. It offers four practical approaches for preparing resources to support the future consumption of households and for adapting to the new economic landscape.
