Women S Empowerment And Child Nutrition In Polygynous Households Of Northern Ghana

Author : Bourdier, Tomoé
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2019-03-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Women’s empowerment and child nutrition in polygynous households of Northern Ghana by Bourdier, Tomoé Pdf

Weather shocks and other shocks affecting the economy of farm households often trigger a cascade of coping mechanisms, from reducing food consumption to selling assets, with potentially lasting consequences on child development. In polygynous households (in which a man is married to several women), the factors that may aggravate or mitigate the impacts of such adverse events are still poorly understood. In particular, little is known about the complex mechanisms through which women’s empowerment may affect the allocation of household resources in the presence of more than one female decision-maker. Where polygyny is associated with discriminatory social norms, co-wives may have limited bargaining power, which may translate into poorer outcomes for their children. While competition between co-wives may generate inefficiencies in the allocation of household resources, cooperation in the domains of agricultural production or domestic labor may lead to economies of scale and facilitate informal risk sharing. The rank of each co-wife may also have a strong influence on the welfare of her own children, relative to other children. Using the Feed the Future Ghana Population Survey data, I investigate the relationship between polygyny and children’s nutrition, and how it may be mediated through women’s bargaining power. Using the age of each co-wife as a proxy for rank, I also study how the senior-wife status of a mother may influence her children’s nutrition outcomes.

Author : Bourdier Tomoé
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1300408208

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Women's Empowerment and Child Nutrition in Polygynous Households of Northern Ghana by Bourdier Tomoé Pdf

Weather shocks and other shocks affecting the economy of farm households often trigger a cascade of coping mechanisms, from reducing food consumption to selling assets, with potentially lasting consequences on child development. In polygynous households (in which a man is married to several women), the factors that may aggravate or mitigate the impacts of such adverse events are still poorly understood. In particular, little is known about the complex mechanisms through which women's empowerment may affect the allocation of household resources in the presence of more than one female decision-maker. Where polygyny is associated with discriminatory social norms, co-wives may have limited bargaining power, which may translate into poorer outcomes for their children. While competition between co-wives may generate inefficiencies in the allocation of household resources, cooperation in the domains of agricultural production or domestic labor may lead to economies of scale and facilitate informal risk sharing. The rank of each co-wife may also have a strong influence on the welfare of her own children, relative to other children. Using the Feed the Future Ghana Population Survey data, I investigate the relationship between polygyny and children's nutrition, and how it may be mediated through women's bargaining power. Using the age of each co-wife as a proxy for rank, I also study how the senior-wife status of a mother may influence her children's nutrition outcomes.

Author : Quisumbing, Agnes R.,Sproule, Kathryn,Martinez, Elena M.,Malapit, Hazel J.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 70 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2020-05-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Women’s empowerment in agriculture and nutritional outcomes: Evidence from six countries in Africa and Asia by Quisumbing, Agnes R.,Sproule, Kathryn,Martinez, Elena M.,Malapit, Hazel J. Pdf

Although women’s empowerment and gender equality are associated with better maternal and child nutrition outcomes, recent systematic reviews find inconclusive evidence. This paper applies a comparable methodology to data on the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI), a recent internationally-validated measure based on interviews of women and men within the same household, from six countries in Africa and Asia to identify which dimensions of women’s empowerment are related to household-, women-, and child-level dietary and nutrition outcomes. We examine the relationship between women’s empowerment and household-level food security and dietary diversity; women’s dietary diversity and BMI; and child-related outcomes, controlling for woman, child, and household characteristics. We also test whether women’s empowerment has differential associations for boys and girls. We do not find consistent associations between dimensions of empowerment and food security and nutrition outcomes across countries, but some patterns emerge. Overall empowerment scores are more strongly associated with nutritional outcomes in the South Asian countries in our sample compared to the African ones. Where significant, greater intrahousehold gender equality is associated with better nutritional outcomes. However, different domains have different associations with nutritional outcomes, suggesting that tradeoffs exist: higher workloads are associated with more diverse diets but lower women’s BMI and child anthropometric outcomes. Identifying the overlap between the top contributors to disempowerment and those most strongly related to nutrition outcomes can inform the design and implementation of nutrition-sensitive agricultural programs.

Author : Pyburn, Rhiannon, ed.,van Eerdewijk, Anouka, ed.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 430 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2021-11-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780896293915

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Advancing gender equality through agricultural and environmental research: Past, present, and future by Pyburn, Rhiannon, ed.,van Eerdewijk, Anouka, ed. Pdf

Over the past decade, interest in gender equality and women’s empowerment has grown rapidly, creating a unique opportunity to institutionalize gender research within agricultural research for development. This book, edited by researchers from the CGIAR Gender Platform, reviews and reflects on the growing body of evidence from gender research. It marks a shift a way from a traditional focus on how gender analysis can contribute to improved productivity, flipping the question to ask, How does agricultural and environmental research and development contribute to gender equality and women’s empowerment? Chapters synthesize the wide range of CGIAR and other research in this area, covering breeding research and seed systems, value chain participation, nutrition-sensitive agriculture, natural resources, climate adaptation and mitigation, the “feminization” of agriculture, women’s role in agricultural research, and emerging gender transformative approaches.

Author : Agnes Quisumbing
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 70 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1299453043

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Women's Empowerment in Agriculture and Nutritional Outcomes by Agnes Quisumbing Pdf

Although women's empowerment and gender equality are associated with better maternal and child nutrition outcomes, recent systematic reviews find inconclusive evidence. This paper applies a comparable methodology to data on the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI), a recent internationally-validated measure based on interviews of women and men within the same household, from six countries in Africa and Asia to identify which dimensions of women's empowerment are related to household-, women-, and child-level dietary and nutrition outcomes. We examine the relationship between women's empowerment and household-level food security and dietary diversity; women's dietary diversity and BMI; and child-related outcomes, controlling for woman, child, and household characteristics. We also test whether women's empowerment has differential associations for boys and girls. We do not find consistent associations between dimensions of empowerment and food security and nutrition outcomes across countries, but some patterns emerge. Overall empowerment scores are more strongly associated with nutritional outcomes in the South Asian countries in our sample compared to the African ones. Where significant, greater intrahousehold gender equality is associated with better nutritional outcomes. However, different domains have different associations with nutritional outcomes, suggesting that tradeoffs exist: higher workloads are associated with more diverse diets but lower women's BMI and child anthropometric outcomes. Identifying the overlap between the top contributors to disempowerment and those most strongly related to nutrition outcomes can inform the design and implementation of nutrition-sensitive agricultural programs.

Author : Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela,Rubin, Deborah,Elias, Marlène,Mulema, Annet Abenakyo,Myers, Emily
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2019-01-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Women’s empowerment in agriculture: Lessons from qualitative research by Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela,Rubin, Deborah,Elias, Marlène,Mulema, Annet Abenakyo,Myers, Emily Pdf

There is growing recognition of the importance of women’s empowerment in its own right and for a range of development outcomes, but less understanding of what empowerment means to rural women and men. The challenge of measuring empowerment, particularly across cultures and contexts, is also garnering attention. This paper synthesizes qualitative research conducted conjointly with quantitative surveys, working with eight agricultural development projects in eight countries, to develop a project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro-WEAI). The qualitative research sought to identify emic meanings of “empowerment,” validate the domains and indicators of the quantitative index, provide greater understanding of the context of each project and of strategies for facilitating empowerment, and test a methodology for integrating emic perspectives of empowerment with standardized etic measures that allow for comparability across contexts.

Author : Jeni Klugman,Lucia Hanmer,Sarah Twigg,Tazeen Hasan,Jennifer McCleary-Sills,Julieth Santamaria
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2014-09-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464803604

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Voice and Agency by Jeni Klugman,Lucia Hanmer,Sarah Twigg,Tazeen Hasan,Jennifer McCleary-Sills,Julieth Santamaria Pdf

Despite recent advances in important aspects of the lives of girls and women, pervasive challenges remain. These challenges reflect widespread deprivations and constraints and include epidemic levels of gender-based violence and discriminatory laws and norms that prevent women from owning property, being educated, and making meaningful decisions about their own lives--such as whether and when to marry or have children. These often violate their most basic rights and are magnified and multiplied by poverty and lack of education. This groundbreaking book distills vast data and hundreds of studies to shed new light on deprivations and constraints facing the voice and agency of women and girls worldwide, and on the associated costs for individuals, families, communities, and global development. The volume presents major new findings about the patterns of constraints and overlapping deprivations and focuses on several areas key to women s empowerment: freedom from violence, sexual and reproductive health and rights, ownership of land and housing, and voice and collective action. It highlights promising reforms and interventions from around the world and lays out an urgent agenda for governments, civil society, development agencies, and other stakeholders, including a call for greater investment in data and knowledge to benchmark progress.

Author : Heath, Rachel,Hidrobo, Melissa,Roy, Shalini
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2018-12-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Cash transfers, polygamy, and intimate partner violence: Experimental evidence from Mali by Heath, Rachel,Hidrobo, Melissa,Roy, Shalini Pdf

Author : Sraboni, Esha,Quisumbing, Agnes R.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 101 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2018-02-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Women’s empowerment in agriculture and dietary quality across the life course: Evidence from Bangladesh by Sraboni, Esha,Quisumbing, Agnes R. Pdf

Using nationally representative survey data from rural Bangladesh, this paper examines the relationship between women’s empowerment in agriculture and indicators of individual dietary quality. Our findings suggest that women’s empowerment is associated with better dietary quality for individuals within the household, with varying effects across the life course. Women’s empowerment is associated with more diverse diets for children younger than five years, but empowerment measures are not consistently associated with increases in nutrient intake for this age group. Women’s empowerment is positively and significantly associated with adult men’s and women’s dietary diversity and nutrient intakes. Different empowerment domains may have different impacts on nutrition, but other characteristics, such as maternal schooling and household socioeconomic status, may play a more important role for younger children. The importance of maternal education in the dietary quality of young children, and the relatively greater importance of women’s empowerment for older children and adults, imply that policies designed to empower women and improve nutritional status should be informed by knowledge of which specific domains of women’s empowerment matter for particular nutritional outcomes at specific stages of the life course.

Author : Maria Agnes R. Quisumbing
Publisher : International Food Policy Research Insitute
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015058710032

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Household Decisions, Gender, and Development by Maria Agnes R. Quisumbing Pdf

CD-Rom included.

Author : Jemimah Njuki,John R. Parkins,Amy Kaler
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2016-11-25
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317190011

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Transforming Gender and Food Security in the Global South by Jemimah Njuki,John R. Parkins,Amy Kaler Pdf

Drawing on studies from Africa, Asia and South America, this book provides empirical evidence and conceptual explorations of the gendered dimensions of food security. It investigates how food security and gender inequity are conceptualized within interventions, assesses the impacts and outcomes of gender-responsive programs on food security and gender equity and addresses diverse approaches to gender research and practice that range from descriptive and analytical to strategic and transformative. The chapters draw on diverse theoretical perspectives, including transformative learning, feminist theory, deliberative democracy and technology adoption. As a result, they add important conceptual and empirical material to a growing literature on the challenges of gender equity in agricultural production. A unique feature of this book is the integration of both analytic and transformative approaches to understanding gender and food security. The analytic material shows how food security interventions enable women and men to meet the long-term nutritional needs of their households, and to enhance their economic position. The transformative chapters also document efforts to build durable and equitable relationships between men and women, addressing underlying social, cultural and economic causes of gender inequality. Taken together, these combined approaches enable women and men to reflect on gendered divisions of labor and resources related to food, and to reshape these divisions in ways which benefit families and communities. Co-published with the International Development Research Centre.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ,World Food Programme ,International Found for Agricultural Development
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 154 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789251333976

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Gender transformative approaches for food security, improved nutrition and sustainable agriculture – A compendium of fifteen good practices by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ,World Food Programme ,International Found for Agricultural Development Pdf

The Compendium is a product of the Joint Programme on Gender Transformative Approaches for Food Security and Nutrition implemented by FAO, IFAD and WFP and funded by the European Union. The compendium of 15 good practices of gender transformative approaches (GTAs) includes the individual templates of the 15 good practices, provides a synthesis of the main features of the 15 GTAs presenting the core characteristics of 15 GTAs and describing the implementation arrangements, implementation cycle, the potential results of GTAs and their key success factors and challenges. It also includes ideas as to how GTAs could be taken to scale. The purpose of the Compendium is fourfold: (i) to take stock and draw lessons from experiences from existing practices of GTAs; (ii) to be a resource for agencies already working with GTAs to identify opportunities for strengthening their GTA work or to link up with complementary interventions; (iii) to provide guidance on how to apply GTAs in any organization or institution working for enhanced food security, nutrition and sustainable agriculture; and (iv) to raise awareness of and advocate for GTAs by showcasing examples of good practices or successful approaches that contribute to positive gender-related and non-gender-related changes towards food security, improved nutrition and sustainable agriculture and rural development.

Author : Peterman, Amber,Kumar, Neha,Pereira, Audrey,Gilligan, Daniel O.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 67 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2020-01-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Towards gender equality: A review of evidence on social safety nets in Africa by Peterman, Amber,Kumar, Neha,Pereira, Audrey,Gilligan, Daniel O. Pdf

Over the last decade, social safety nets (SSNs) have rapidly expanded in Africa, becoming a core strategy for addressing poverty, responding to shocks, increasing productivity and investing in human capital. Poverty, vulnerability and well-being have inherent gender dimensions, yet only recently has gender equality been considered as a potential program objective. This study reviews the evidence on the impact of SSNs on women’s wellbeing in Africa, while contributing to an understanding of how SSNs affect gender equality. We first motivate and take stock of how gender shapes the design and effectiveness of SSNs in Africa. We then summarize evidence from rigorous impact evaluations of SSNs on women’s wellbeing across five key domains from 38 studies on 28 SSN programs across 17 countries. We find substantial evidence that, in many instances, SSNs decrease intimate partner violence and increase psychological wellbeing for women, as well as moderate evidence that SSNs increase dietary diversity and economic standing. We find minimal evidence that SSNs improve women’s food security and nutrition; however, few studies measure these outcomes for women. Finally, a substantial body of evidence reports on the impact of SSNs on women’s empowerment and intra-household bargaining power, however, with weak and mixed results. Our findings are generally promising, since most SSNs are not designed specifically to increase women’s wellbeing. However, the results show that household-level impacts do not automatically imply individual women benefit, and further that conclusions from global evidence reviews do not necessarily apply in Africa. There is little research that rigorously identifies the design features and impact pathways from SSNs to gender equality and women’s wellbeing, suggesting a priority for future research.

Author : Katrine Anderson Saito,Celia Jean Weidemann
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 69 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1990-01-01
Category : Agricultural extension work
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Agricultural Extension for Women Farmers in Africa by Katrine Anderson Saito,Celia Jean Weidemann Pdf

Operational guidelines on how to provide cost- effective agricultural extension services to women farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Author : Malapit, Hazel J.,Quisumbing, Agnes R.,Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela,Seymour, Gregory,Martinez, Elena M.,Heckert, Jessica,Rubin, Deborah,Vaz, Ana,Yount, Kathryn M.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2019-01-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Development of the project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro-WEAI) by Malapit, Hazel J.,Quisumbing, Agnes R.,Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela,Seymour, Gregory,Martinez, Elena M.,Heckert, Jessica,Rubin, Deborah,Vaz, Ana,Yount, Kathryn M. Pdf

In this paper, the authors describe the adaptation and validation of a project-level WEAI (or pro-WEAI) that agricultural development projects can use to identify key areas of women’s (and men’s) disempowerment, design appropriate strategies to address identified deficiencies, and monitor project outcomes related to women’s empowerment. The 12 pro-WEAI indicators are mapped to three domains: intrinsic agency (power within), instrumental agency (power to), and collective agency (power with). A gender parity index compares the empowerment scores of men and women in the same household. The authors describe the development of pro-WEAI, including: (1) pro-WEAI’s distinctiveness from other versions of the WEAI; (2) the process of piloting pro-WEAI in 13 agricultural development projects during the Gender, Agriculture, and Assets Project, phase 2 (GAAP2); (3) analysis of quantitative data from the GAAP2 projects, including intrahousehold patterns of empowerment; and (4) a summary of the findings from the qualitative work exploring concepts of women’s empowerment in the project sites. The paper concludes with a discussion of lessons learned from pro-WEAI and possibilities for further development of empowerment metrics.