Words And The Mind

Author : Max Louwerse
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 357 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2021-07-15
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781633886513

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Keeping Those Words in Mind by Max Louwerse Pdf

How can humans keep thousands of words in mind and have no difficulty understanding trillions of sentences? The answer to this question might lie in parents teaching their children language skills, or in in the human brain, which may be equipped with a language instinct or maybe in impressive memory skills that link words to their perceptual information. Undoubtedly, there is some truth to some of these explanations. But one answer – perhaps the most important answer – has been largely ignored. Keeping Those Words in Mind tries to remedy this oversight. Linguist and cognitive psychologist Max Louwerse, PhD. argues that understanding language is not just possible because of memory, brains, environment and computation, but because of the patterns in the sequence of sounds and words themselves.He demonstrates that what seems to be an arbitrary communication system, with arbitrary characters and sounds that become words, and arbitrary meanings for those words, actually is a well-organized system that has evolved over tens of thousands of years to make communication as efficient as it is. What is needed for humans to acquire language, is for humans to recognize and discover the patterns in our communication system. By examining how our brains process language and find patterns, the intricacies of the language system itself, and even scientific breakthroughs in computer science and artificial intelligence, Keeping Those Words in Mind brings a brand new and interdisciplinary explanation for our ability to extract meaning from language.

Author : Benjamin K. Bergen
Publisher : Basic Books
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2012-10-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780465033331

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Louder Than Words by Benjamin K. Bergen Pdf

Whether it’s brusque, convincing, fraught with emotion, or dripping with innuendo, language is fundamentally a tool for conveying meaning—a uniquely human magic trick in which you vibrate your vocal cords to make your innermost thoughts pop up in someone else’s mind. You can use it to talk about all sorts of things—from your new labradoodle puppy to the expansive gardens at Versailles, from Roger Federer’s backhand to things that don’t exist at all, like flying pigs. And when you talk, your listener fills in lots of details you didn’t mention—the curliness of the dog’s fur or the vast statuary on the grounds of the French palace. What’s the trick behind this magic? How does meaning work? In Louder than Words, cognitive scientist Benjamin Bergen draws together a decade’s worth of research in psychology, linguistics, and neuroscience to offer a new theory of how our minds make meaning. When we hear words and sentences, Bergen contends, we engage the parts of our brain that we use for perception and action, repurposing these evolutionarily older networks to create simulations in our minds. These embodied simulations, as they're called, are what makes it possible for us to become better baseball players by merely visualizing a well-executed swing; what allows us to remember which cupboard the diapers are in without looking, and what makes it so hard to talk on a cell phone while we’re driving on the highway. Meaning is more than just knowing definitions of words, as others have previously argued. In understanding language, our brains engage in a creative process of constructing rich mental worlds in which we see, hear, feel, and act. Through whimsical examples and ingenious experiments, Bergen leads us on a virtual tour of the new science of embodied cognition. A brilliant account of our human capacity to understand language, Louder than Words will profoundly change how you read, speak, and listen.

Author : Barbara Malt,Phillip Wolff
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2010-03-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780190295127

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Words and the Mind by Barbara Malt,Phillip Wolff Pdf

The study of word meanings promises important insights into the nature of the human mind by revealing what people find to be most cognitively significant in their experience. However, as we learn more about the semantics of various languages, we are faced with an interesting problem. Different languages seem to be telling us different stories about the mind. For example, important distinctions made in one language are not necessarily made in others. What are we to make of these cross-linguistic differences? How do they arise? Are they created by purely linguistic processes operating over the course of language evolution? Or do they reflect fundamental differences in thought? In this sea of differences, are there any semantic universals? Which categories might be given by the genes, which by culture, and which by language? And what might the cross-linguistic similarities and differences contribute to our understanding of conceptual and linguistic development? The kinds of mapping principles, structures, and processes that link language and non-linguistic knowledge must accommodate not just one language but the rich diversity that has been uncovered. The integration of knowledge and methodologies necessary for real progress in answering these questions has happened only recently, as experimental approaches have been applied to the cross-linguistic study of word meaning. In Words and the Mind, Barbara Malt and Phillip Wolff present evidence from the leading researchers who are carrying out this empirical work on topics as diverse as spatial relations, events, emotion terms, motion events, objects, body-part terms, causation, color categories, and relational categories. By bringing them together, Malt and Wolff highlight some of the most exciting cross-linguistic and cross-cultural work on the language-thought interface, from a broad array of fields including linguistics, anthropology, cognitive and developmental psychology, and cognitive neuropsychology. Their results provide some answers to these questions and new perspectives on the issues surrounding them.

Author : Dani Byrd,Toben H. Mintz
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2011-09-26
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781444357783

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Discovering Speech, Words, and Mind by Dani Byrd,Toben H. Mintz Pdf

Written in a lively style, Discovering Speech, Words, and Mind applies a scientific approach to the study of various aspects of speech, using everyday examples to introduce the beginning student to the world of language and cognition. An accessible introduction to the fundamentals of speech production, speech perception, word-formation, language acquisition and speech disorders Considers how the informational content of the speech signal relates to phonological units – connecting the three areas of speech, words, and mind Focuses on speech production and recognition at the word-level and below, and includes sign languages Written in a highly accessible style for students with no background in linguistics or psychology Packed with numerous student-friendly features, including engaging examples, illustrations, and sidebars for further discussion; further online exercises and data also available at http://www.discoveringspeech.wiley.com/

Author : Jean Aitchison
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2003-01-08
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0631232443

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Words in the Mind by Jean Aitchison Pdf

Words in the Mind deals with words, and how humans learn them, remember them, understand them, and find the ones they want. It discusses the structure and content of the human word-store or ‘mental lexicon, with particular reference to the spoken language of native English speakers. Discusses the structure and content of the human word-store, or 'mental lexicon'. Features a highly informative and accessible account of a central area of research. Incorporates new research on the mental lexicon. Written by a prominent researcher of the mental lexicon, language change, and the language of the media.

Author : Jean Aitchison
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2012-02-21
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780470656471

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Words in the Mind by Jean Aitchison Pdf

Featuring new coverage of the brain and language, and lexical corpora, the 4th edition of Words in the Mind offers readers the latest thinking about the ways in which we learn words, remember them, understand them, and find the ones we want to use. Explores the latest insights into the complex relationship between language, words, and the human mind, creating a rich and revealing resource for students and non-specialists alike Addresses the structure and content of the human word-store – the ‘mental lexicon’ – with particular reference to the spoken language of native English speakers Features a wealth of new material, including an all-new chapter focusing exclusively on the brain and language, and enhanced coverage of lexical corpora – computerized databases – and on lexical change of meaning Incorporates numerous updates throughout, including expansion of many notes and suggestions for further reading Comprises state-of-the-art research, yet remains accessible and student-friendly

Author : Jean Aitchison
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1989-01-01
Category : Niños - Lenguaje
ISBN : 0044453558

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The Articulate Mammal by Jean Aitchison Pdf

Author : Philip Pettit
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 191 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2009-07-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780691143255

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Made with Words by Philip Pettit Pdf

Argues that it was Hobbes, not later thinkers like Rousseau, who invented the invention of language thesis - the idea that language is a cultural innovation that transformed the human mind.

Author : Sarah Peyton
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2021-12-07
Category : Self-Help
ISBN : 9781324019626

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Affirmations for Turbulent Times: Resonant Words to Soothe Body and Mind by Sarah Peyton Pdf

More than 100 themes of affirmations grounded in neuroscience. We live in complex and unsettled times. The issues before us are unimaginably difficult, and range from the personal to the global. This beautiful little book accompanies readers toward a greater sense of peace and self-compassion, reminding us that even though our world is so turbulent, we can still have quiet places within, filled with love, that make it easier to live and to breathe with ourselves. Rooted in the neuroscience of affirmations, and covering more than 100 themes (including health, self-care, issues at work, and connection with loved ones and with the planet), this book is a companion for daily life. With the help of questions and wonderings about what may be important for readers, the book gently encourages acceptance of what is. The affirmation for each theme reminds readers of their own strengths and reservoirs of calm, and helps them to remember and reclaim their innate gifts and resources.

Author : Prudent Injeeli
Publisher : Trafford Publishing
Page : 333 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2013-06
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781466991316

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Mind Your Words by Prudent Injeeli Pdf

Words form the building blocks of our thought processes. Because of this, our choice of wording can be vital to our ways of thinking. Building on this concept, Dr. Prudent Injeeli' Mind Your Words: Master the Art of Learning and Teaching Vocabulary presents groundbreaking work in the study of language and linguistics, particularly in the field of semantics. It offers a wide variety techniques and methods of learning and teaching vocabulary and provides essential information on many aspects of word knowledge, word formation and word usage. Injeeli addresses a number of topics that open a new world of knowledge about words, their origin, their structure and pronunciation, and so on. He also includes vocabulary lists developed by prominent linguists for enhancing vocabulary skills. Mind Your Words: Master the Art of Learning and Teaching Vocabulary shares insight into the morphological and semantic aspects of word knowledge that can help anyone understand the concepts involved in the language arts. You can gain knowledge about language and improve the skills needed to share that knowledge with others.

Author : Andrew Newberg,Mark Robert Waldman
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2012-06-14
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781101585702

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Words Can Change Your Brain by Andrew Newberg,Mark Robert Waldman Pdf

In our default state, our brains constantly get in the way of effective communication. They are lazy, angry, immature, and distracted. They can make a difficult conversation impossible. But Andrew Newberg, M.D., and Mark Waldman have discovered a powerful strategy called Compassionate Communication that allows two brains to work together as one. Using brainscans as well as data collected from workshops given to MBA students at Loyola Marymount University, and clinical data from both couples in therapy and organizations helping caregivers cope with patient suffering, Newberg and Waldman have seen that Compassionate Communication can reposition a difficult conversation to lead to a satisfying conclusion. Whether you are negotiating with your boss or your spouse, the brain works the same way and responds to the same cues. The truth, though, is that you don't have to understand how Compassionate Communication works. You just have to do it. Some of the simple and effective takeaways in this book include: • Make sure you are relaxed; yawning several times before (not during) the meeting will do the trick • Never speak for more than 20-30 seconds at a time. After that they other person's window of attention closes. • Use positive speech; you will need at least three positives to overcome the effect of every negative used • Speak slowly; pause between words. This is critical, but really hard to do. • Respond to the other person; do not shift the conversation. • Remember that the brain can only hold onto about four ideas at one time Highly effective across a wide range of settings, Compassionate Communication is an excellent tool for conflict resolution but also for simply getting your point across or delivering difficult news.

Author : Neil Mercer
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2002-05-03
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781134590841

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Words and Minds by Neil Mercer Pdf

Words and Minds takes a lively and accessible look at the evolution of language and how we use language in joint activities.

Author : José Luis Bermúdez
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780195341607

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Thinking Without Words by José Luis Bermúdez Pdf

First Oxford University Press pbk edition.

Author : Alina Leminen,Harald Clahsen,Minna Lehtonen,Mirjana Bozic
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2016-04-07
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9782889198030

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Morphologically complex words in the mind/brain by Alina Leminen,Harald Clahsen,Minna Lehtonen,Mirjana Bozic Pdf

The question of how morphologically complex words (assign-ment, listen-ed) are represented and processed in the brain has been one of the most hotly debated topics in the cognitive neuroscience of language. Do complex words engage cortical representations and processes equivalent to single lexical objects or are they processed as sequences of separate morpheme-like units? Research on morphological processing has suggested that adults make efficient use of both lexical (i.e., whole word) storage and retrieval, as well as combinatorial computation in processing morphologically complex words. Psycholinguistic studies have demonstrated that processing of complex words can be affected both by properties of the morphemes and the whole words, such as their frequency, transparency, and regularity. Furthermore, this research has been informative about the time-course of complex word recognition and production, and the role of morphological structure in these processes. At the neural level, left-hemisphere inferior frontal and superior temporal areas, and negative-going event-related potentials, have been consistently associated with morphological processing. While most previous research has been done on the recognition of morphologically complex words in adult native speakers, much less is known about neurocognitive processes involved in the on-line production of morphologically complex words, and even less on morphological processing in children and non-native speakers. Moreover, we have limited understanding of how linguistically distinct morphological processes, e.g. inflectional (listen-ed) versus derivational (assign-ment), are handled by the cortical language networks. This e-book provides an up-to-date overview of the questions currently addressed in the field of morphological processing. It highlights the significance of morphological information in language processing, both written and spoken, as assessed by a variety of methods and approaches. It also provides a comprehensive range of research and development tools for the development of new technologies.

Author : Barbara Malt,Phillip Wolff
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2010-03-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0199718644

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Words and the Mind by Barbara Malt,Phillip Wolff Pdf

The study of word meanings promises important insights into the nature of the human mind by revealing what people find to be most cognitively significant in their experience. However, as we learn more about the semantics of various languages, we are faced with an interesting problem. Different languages seem to be telling us different stories about the mind. For example, important distinctions made in one language are not necessarily made in others. What are we to make of these cross-linguistic differences? How do they arise? Are they created by purely linguistic processes operating over the course of language evolution? Or do they reflect fundamental differences in thought? In this sea of differences, are there any semantic universals? Which categories might be given by the genes, which by culture, and which by language? And what might the cross-linguistic similarities and differences contribute to our understanding of conceptual and linguistic development? The kinds of mapping principles, structures, and processes that link language and non-linguistic knowledge must accommodate not just one language but the rich diversity that has been uncovered. The integration of knowledge and methodologies necessary for real progress in answering these questions has happened only recently, as experimental approaches have been applied to the cross-linguistic study of word meaning. In Words and the Mind, Barbara Malt and Phillip Wolff present evidence from the leading researchers who are carrying out this empirical work on topics as diverse as spatial relations, events, emotion terms, motion events, objects, body-part terms, causation, color categories, and relational categories. By bringing them together, Malt and Wolff highlight some of the most exciting cross-linguistic and cross-cultural work on the language-thought interface, from a broad array of fields including linguistics, anthropology, cognitive and developmental psychology, and cognitive neuropsychology. Their results provide some answers to these questions and new perspectives on the issues surrounding them.