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Author : John E. Nicholls
Publisher : Springer Verlag
Page : 401 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Computers
ISBN : 038719780X
Author : J. E. Nicholls
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781447132035
In ordinary mathematics, an equation can be written down which is syntactically correct, but for which no solution exists. For example, consider the equation x = x + 1 defined over the real numbers; there is no value of x which satisfies it. Similarly it is possible to specify objects using the formal specification language Z [3,4], which can not possibly exist. Such specifications are called inconsistent and can arise in a number of ways. Example 1 The following Z specification of a functionf, from integers to integers "f x : ~ 1 x ~ O· fx = x + 1 (i) "f x : ~ 1 x ~ O· fx = x + 2 (ii) is inconsistent, because axiom (i) gives f 0 = 1, while axiom (ii) gives f 0 = 2. This contradicts the fact that f was declared as a function, that is, f must have a unique result when applied to an argument. Hence no suchfexists. Furthermore, iff 0 = 1 andfO = 2 then 1 = 2 can be deduced! From 1 = 2 anything can be deduced, thus showing the danger of an inconsistent specification. Note that all examples and proofs start with the word Example or Proof and end with the symbol.1.
Author : J.P. Bowen,J.E. Nicholls
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781447135562
The Z notation has been developed at the Programming Research Group at the Oxford University Computing Laboratory and elsewhere for over a decade. It is now used by industry as part of the software (and hardware) development process in both Europe and the USA. It is currently undergoing BSI standardisation in the UK, and has been proposed for ISO standardisation internationally. In recent years researchers have begun to focus increasingly on the development of techniques and tools to encourage the wider application of Z and other formal methods and notations. This volume contains papers from the Seventh Annual Z User Meeting, held in London in December 1992. In contrast to previous years the meeting concentrated specifically on industrial applications of Z, and a high proportion of the participants came from an industrial background. The theme is well represented by the four invited papers. Three of these discuss ways in which formal methods are being introduced, and the fourth presents an international survey of industrial applications. It also provides a reminder of the improvements which are needed to make these methods an accepted part of software development. In addition the volume contains several submitted papers on the industrial use of Z, two of which discuss the key area of safety-critical applications. There are also a number of papers related to the recently-completed ZIP project. The papers cover all the main areas of the project including methods, tools, and the development of a Z Standard, the first publicly-available version of which was made available at the meeting. Finally the volume contains a select Z bibliography, and section on how to access information on Z through comp.specification.z, the international, computer-based USENET newsgroup. Z User Workshop, London 1992 provides an important overview of current research into industrial applications of Z, and will provide invaluable reading for researchers, postgraduate students and also potential industrial users of Z.
Author : J.P. Bowen,J.A. Hall
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 405 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781447134527
This volume contains papers from the Eighth Z User Meeting, to be held at the University of Cambridge from 29 - 30 June 1994. The papers cover a wide range of issues associated with Z and formal methods, with particular reference to practical application. These issues include education, standards, tool support, and interaction with other design paradigms such as consideration of real-time and object-oriented approaches to development. Among the actual topics covered are: the formal specification in Z of Defence Standard 00-56; formal specification of telephone features; specifying and interpreting class hierarchies in Z; and software quality assurance using the SAZ method. Z User Workshop, Cambridge 1994 provides an important overview of current research into industrial applications of Z, and will provide invaluable reading for researchers, postgraduate students and also potential industrial users of Z.
Author : Mikael Berndtsson,Jörgen Hansson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781447130802
The areas of active and real-time databases have seen a tremendous growth of interest in the past few years, particularly with regard to their support of time-critical and embedded applications. ARTDB-95 provided, therefore, an important forum for researchers from both communities to discuss research results, and also to chart new directions for the future. As well as the 11 submitted papers presented at the workshop, this volume also contains 4 invited papers on the following topics: the impact of active databases on commercial practice; the optimization of active database transactions; the need for better language, compiler and tool support for real-time databases; and the origin of time constraints associated with data, events and actions. Together the papers give a comprehensive overview of current research, and will provide invaluable reading for academic and industrial researchers and students at both undergraduate and postgraduate level.
Author : Graham Birtwistle,Alan Davis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781447135753
As the costs of power and timing become increasingly difficult to manage in traditional synchronous systems, designers are being forced to look at asynchronous alternatives. Based on reworked and expanded papers from the VII Banff Higher Order Workshop, this volume examines asynchronous methods which have been used in large circuit design, ranging from initial formal specification to more standard finite state machine based control models. Written by leading practitioners in the area, the papers cover many aspects of current practice including practical design, silicon compilation, and applications of formal specification. It also includes a state-of-the-art survey of asynchronous hardware design. The resulting volume will be invaluable to anyone interested in designing correct asynchronous circuits which exhibit high performance or low power operation.
Author : Jonathan Peter Bowen,John E. Nicholls
Publisher : Springer
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Computers
ISBN : UCSC:32106010110648
The Z notation has been developed at the Programming Research Group at the Oxford University Computing Laboratory and elsewhere for over a decade. It is now used by industry as part of the software (and hardware) development process in both Europe and the USA. It is currently undergoing BSI standardisation in the UK, and has been proposed for ISO standardisation internationally. In recent years researchers have begun to focus increasingly on the development of techniques and tools to encourage the wider application of Z and other formal methods and notations. This volume contains papers from the Seventh Annual Z User Meeting, held in London in December 1992. In contrast to previous years the meeting concentrated specifically on industrial applications of Z, and a high proportion of the participants came from an industrial background. The theme is well represented by the four invited papers. Three of these discuss ways in which formal methods are being introduced, and the fourth presents an international survey of industrial applications. It also provides a reminder of the improvements which are needed to make these methods an accepted part of software development. In addition the volume contains several submitted papers on the industrial use of Z, two of which discuss the key area of safety-critical applications. There are also a number of papers related to the recently-completed ZIP project. The papers cover all the main areas of the project including methods, tools, and the development of a Z Standard, the first publicly-available version of which was made available at the meeting. Finally the volume contains a select Z bibliography, and section on how to access information on Z through comp.specification.z, the international, computer-based USENET newsgroup. Z User Workshop, London 1992 provides an important overview of current research into industrial applications of Z, and will provide invaluable reading for researchers, postgraduate students and also potential industrial users of Z.
Author : Udo W. Lipeck,Bernhard Thalheim
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 235 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781447135548
Database modelling is concerned with the design of reliable and efficient database systems. Three different approaches to modelling can be identified: structure-oriented, process-oriented, and behaviour-oriented. Database literature has traditionally focused on structure-oriented approaches, but it is now widely recognised that problems can be solved more effectively by integrating all three. As a result, modelling database dynamics is now considered to be as important as modelling static database structures. This volume contains selected papers from the Fourth International Workshop on Foundations of Models and Languages for Data and Objects, held in Volkse, Germany, 19-22 October, 1992. This series of international workshops was initiated by the Working Group on Foundations of Information Systems, part of the German Association for Informatics. It provides an international forum for the discussion of current research into database theory and its application to database technology. The theme of this particular workshop was modelling the dynamic behaviour of database systems in formal frameworks. As object-oriented principles are being widely used in current research work, particular emphasis was also given to object dynamics. Among the topics covered in this volume are: specifying the dynamics of complex objects databases; updates in a rule-based language for objects; an order-sorted approach to active objects; non-deterministic aspects of database transformations involving object creation; monitoring temporal permissions using partially evaluated transition graphs; a formalisation of logic databases and integrity constraints; a comparison of approaches for modelling dynamics of databases. Modelling Database Dynamics provides a comprehensive overview of current research into the modelling and use of database dynamics. It will provide invaluable reading for researchers, postgraduate students, and anyone interested in the theoretical foundations of computer science.
Author : V.S. Alagar,Laks V.S. Lakshmanan,F. Sadri
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781447132134
Logic and object-orientation have come to be recognized as being among the most powerful paradigms for modeling information systems. The term "information systems" is used here in a very general context to denote database systems, software development systems, knowledge base systems, proof support systems, distributed systems and reactive systems. One of the most vigorously researched topics common to all information systems is "formal modeling". An elegant high-level abstraction applicable to both application domain and system domain concepts will always lead to a system design from "outside in"; that is, the aggregation of ideas is around real-life objects about which the system is to be designed. Formal methods \yhen applied with this view in mind, especially during early stages of system development, can lead to a formal reasoning on the intended properties, thus revealing system flaws that might otherwise be discovered much later. Logic in different styles and semantics is being used to model databases and their transactions; it is also used to specify concurrent, distributed, real-time, and reactive systems. ,The notion of "object" is central to the modeling of object oriented databases, as well as object-oriented design and programs in software engineering. Both database and software engineering communities have undoubtedly made important contributions to formalisms based on logic and objects. It is worthwhile bringing together the ideas developed by the two communities in isolation, and focusing on integrating their common strengths.
Author : Krysia Broda
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 359 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781447134213
Since its conception nearly 20 years ago, logic programming has been developed to the point where it now plays an important role in areas such as database theory, artificial intelligence and software engineering. There are, however, still many outstanding research issues which need to be addressed, and the UK branch of the Association for Logic Programming was set up to provide a forum where the flourishing research community could discuss important issues which were often by- passed at the larger international conferences. This volume contains the invited papers, refereed papers and tutorials presented at the 4th ALPUK Conference, which aimed to broaden the frontiers of logic programming by encouraging interaction between it and other related disciplines. The papers cover a variety of technical areas, including concurrent logic languages and their semantics, applications of logic languages to other (non-classical) logical systems, modules, types and error-handling, and the distributed execution of Prolog programs. The wide scope of the papers refelects the breadth of interest in this important area of computer science. ALPUK 92 provides a comprehensive overview of current progress being made in logic programming research. It will be of interest to all workers in the field, especially researchers, postgraduate students, and research and development workers in industry.
Author : Jim Woodcock,James C.P. Woodcock,Peter G. Larsen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 712 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 3540566627
The last few years have borne witness to a remarkable diversity of formal methods, with applications to sequential and concurrent software, to real-time and reactive systems, and to hardware design. In that time, many theoretical problems have been tackled and solved, and many continue to be worked upon. Yet it is by the suitability of their industrial application and the extent of their usage that formal methods will ultimately be judged. This volume presents the proceedings of the first international symposium of Formal Methods Europe, FME'93. The symposium focuses on the application of industrial-strength formal methods. Authors address the difficulties of scaling their techniques up to industrial-sized problems, and their suitability in the workplace, and discuss techniques that are formal (that is, they have a mathematical basis) and that are industrially applicable. The volume has four parts: - Invited lectures, containing a lecture by Cliff B. Jones and a lecture by Antonio Cau and Willem-Paul de Roever; - Industrial usage reports, containing 6 reports; - Papers, containing 32 selected and refereedpapers; - Tool descriptions, containing 11 descriptions.
Author : John T. O'Donnell,Kevin Hammond
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781447132363
The Functional Programming Group at the University of Glasgow was started in 1986 by John Hughes and Mary Sheeran. Since then it has grown in size and strength, becoming one of the largest computing science research groups at Glasgow and earning an international reputation. The first Glasgow Functional Programming Workshop was organised in the summer of 1988. Its purpose was threefold: to provide a snapshot of all the research going on within the group, to share research ideas between Glaswegians and colleagues in the U.K. and abroad, and to introduce research students to the art of writing and presenting papers at a semi-formal (but still local and friendly) conference. The success of the first workshop has led to an annual series: Rothesay (1988), Fraserburgh (1989), Ullapool (1990). Portree (1991), Ayr (1992), and the workshop reported in these proceedings: Ayr (1993). Most participants wrote a paper that appeared in the draft proceedings (distributed at the workshop), and each draft paper was presented by one of the authors. The papers were all refereed by several other participants at the workshop, both internal and external, and the programme committee selected papers for these proceedings. Most papers have been revised twice, based firstly on feedback at the workshop, and secondly using the referee reports.
Author : Haim Kilov,William Harvey
Publisher : Springer
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2007-08-20
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780585275246
Object-Oriented Behavioral Specifications encourages builders of complex information systems to accelerate their move to using the approach of a scientific discipline in analysis rather than the approach of a craft. The focus is on understanding customers' needs and on precise specification of understanding gained through analysis. Specifications must bridge any gaps in understanding about business rules among customers, Subject Matter Experts, and `computer people', must inform decisions about reuse of software and systems, and must enable review of semantics over time. Specifications need to describe semantics rather than syntax, and to do that in an abstract and precise manner, in order to create software systems that satisfy business rules. The papers in this book show various ways of designing elegant and clear specifications which are reusable, lead to savings of intellectual effort, time, and money, and which contribute to the reliability of software and systems. Object-Oriented Behavioral Specifications offers a fresh treatment of the object-oriented paradigm by examining the limitations of traditional OO methodologies and by describing the significance of competing trends in OO modeling. The book builds on four years of successful OOPSLA workshops (1991-1995) on behavior semantics. This book deals with precise specifications of `what' is accomplished by the business and `what' is to be done by a system. The book includes descriptions of successful use of abstract and precise specification in industry. It draws on the experience of experts from industrial and academic settings and benefits from international participation. Collective behavior, neglected in some treatment of the OO paradigm, is addressed explicitly in this book. The book does not take `reuse' of specifications or software for granted, but furnishes a foundation for taking as rigorous an approach to reuse decisions as to precise specifications in original developments.
Author : Peter Ryan,Chris Sennett
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781447119753
As computer technology is used to control critical systems to an increasing degree, it is vital that the methods for developing and understanding these systems are substantially improved. The mathematical and scientific foundations currently used are extremely limited which means that their correctness and reliability cannot be ensured to an acceptable level. Systems engineering needs to become a fully fledged scientific discipline and formal methods, which are characterised by their firm mathematical foundations, are playing a vital role in achieving this transition. This volume is based on the proceedings of the Formal Methods Workshop (FM91), held in Drymen, Scotland, 24-27 September 1991. This was the second workshop sponsored by the Canadian and US governments to address the role of formal methods in the development of digital systems. Traditionally, formal methods have evolved in isolation from more conventional approaches, and one of the aims of this workshop was to emphasise the benefits of integrating the two areas. The workshop concentrated on the themes of quality assurance, design methods and mathematical modelling techniques. Particular emphasis was given to safety and security applications. Among the topics covered in this volume are: what is a formal method?; social research on formal methods; current quality assurance methods and formal methods; a pragmatic approach to validation; integrating methods in practice; composition of descriptions; and topics in large program formal development. Formal Methods in Systems Engineering provides an overview of many of the major approaches to formal methods and the benefits which can result from them. It is relevant to academic and industrial researchers, industrial practitioners and government workers with an interest in certification.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Z (Computer program language)
ISBN : UOM:39015047352284