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Zhu Rongji And China's Economic Take-off by John Wong Pdf
Following Deng Xiaoping's economic reform and opening (Gaige Kaifang) policy, China experienced unprecedented high growth for over three decades. Crucial in the process was the role of Zhu Rongji, who was hand-picked by Deng initially as Executive Vice-Premier and later full Premier to carry through the needed reform and manage the critical marketization process through the turbulent 1990s when China's economy suffered many ups and downs. Dubbed as China's 'Economic Czar', Zhu tackled many thorny problems associated with the country's then half-reformed economy ably and effectively, thereby laying the ground for subsequent periods of greater dynamic growth. Zhu was instrumental in preparing China's economy for its final take-off.The chapters in this volume were originally written as 'policy briefings' for the Singapore government from 1997 to 2003 when Zhu was Premier. They cover a wide variety of topics including how he had applied his own way of 'macroeconomic control' (Hongguan Tiaokong), how he went about reforming taxation, foreign exchange and state-owned enterprises, and finally his embrace of capitalism. Each chapter is preceded by a detailed introduction highlighting the main issues and interpreting them from today's perspective based on updated information and additional new research.
Zhu Rongji and The Transformation of Modern China by Laurence J. Brahm Pdf
China's astonishing transformation from a centrally planned to a market economy was one of the most remarkable stories of the twentieth century. It has set the stage for what many see as a period of unparalleled future growth. During this spell of delicate and risk-fraught economic transition, one defining figure stands out as the true driving force - Zhu Rongji. A remarkable visionary, Zhu has consistently refused to follow the conventional wisdom of established economics. Instead, he has developed a unique approach for a unique situation. Author Laurence Brahm tells the inside story of Zhu's rise to power, the political obstacles that he has overcome and the policies that he has engineered to set China on a new path. While other developing countries such as Russia, have floundered badly, China continues to excite the world with its phenomenal growth. Brahm skillfully argues that Zhu's policies of managed marketization deserve international recognition as a new economic model for both developing and transitional economies. In Zhu Rongji and the Transformation of Modern China, Laurence Brahm provides a fascinating inside account of the man dubbed an "economic czar" by many western commentators. This is the untold story of Zhu and his strategies, and the key events that have shaped China into a modern nation and economic powerhouse.
Two Decades of Reform in China by Gao Shangquan Pdf
A planned economy system was set up in China after the establishment of the PRC in 1949, and its reform was launched in 1978. The reform has gone on for 20 years and has achieved globally recognized success. China's economy is now in the course of transforming from a planned economy into a socialist market economy. This book summarizes the successful experiences and points out the difficulties of the deep reform and the prospects for the 21st century. Rich in historical data and material, it provides valuable information for readers from universities, institutions and enterprises as well as government officials — whoever is interested in China and its economic reform. The author, a famous Chinese economist, has been involved in the leadership of the Chinese economic system's reform since its launch in 1979. In 1998 he was invited by the World Bank to give a series of seminars on China's economic reform, and most of the contents of those seminars are included in this book.
The Political Economy of Deng's Nanxun by John Wong Pdf
This volume is about the political economy of Deng Xiaoping's Nanxun (tour of South China), which was the most critical phase in China's reform and development since 1978. The first round of Deng's reform resulted in high growth through the 1980s. However, it created a messy half-reformed economy with many problems, including the Tiananmen incident. The immediate aftermath of the Tiananmen was collapse of economic growth and reform deadlock. To break out from this low-level “reform-growth trap”, Deng decided to launch the Nanxun, not just to reignite the reform but also to complete China's march towards a market economy. Looking back, the Nanxun led to the most crucial reform breakthrough, which, in turn, sparked off a dynamic reform-growth-nexus for China's eventual economic take-off. The chapters in this volume were originally “policy reports” on China, meant for the Singapore government. These reports were written based on the information available at that time, and reflected the prevailing political mood. Each chapter is accompanied by a detailed introduction that is aimed at providing a broad background for readers to better understand the Nanxun period. The introduction also serves as a post-evaluation of the events based on new information, and shows how those events have evolved over the years. In combination, these chapters should piece together a reasonably realistic picture of the basic politics and economics of the crucial Nanxun period. Contents:IntroductionBackground Chapters:China's Per-Capita GNP at the Beginning of Economic ReformChina's Entrepreneurial Approach to Economic ReformThe Politics and Economics of Deng's Nanxun:The 7th Party Plenum 1990 and the Continuing Post-Tiananmen Political Stalemate Over ReformWhat is in the Surname, She or Zi: The Post-Tiananmen Ideological DiscordEconomic Upsurge in 1992: An Immediate Nanxun EffectWhat has China Accomplished in Economic Reform in 1994?Soft-Landing of the Economy in 1995: The Nanxun's ClimaxChina's Ninth Five-Year Plan, 1996–2000Agricultural and Rural Development:The Quiet Industrial Revolution in the Chinese Countryside: Township and Village Enterprises (TVEs)Why Deng was So Concerned About AgricultureForeign Trade and Investment:Progress in Foreign Trade ReformChina and the GATTChina and the World Trade OrganizationSoutheast Asian Ethnic Chinese Investing in China Readership: Academics, professionals, policy makers, undergraduate and graduate students interested in China's economic development, China's reform and the open-door policy. Keywords:Deng Xiaoping's Reform and Open-Door Policy;Nanxun;Reform-Growth-Nexus;Tiananmen Incident;7th Party Plenum;Reform Stalemate;Socialist Market Economy;GATT;WTO;Tax Reform;Foreign Exchange Reform;TVEsReviews: “John Wong's approach is pragmatic as well as empirical and policy-oriented. This makes his book highly readable for scholars and students in disciplines neighboring the economics profession. It also makes the book accessible to policy makers and the informed public. The book gives an excellent example of informed analysis of China's economic development issues written at a crucial turning point in the country's reform and development trajectory. The introduction and the abstract introducing each chapter provide new value-added information and insight. In sum, this book is a must for anyone interested in contemporary China's political economy.” Journal of Economics and Political Economy
China’s explosive transformation from a planned economy to a more market-oriented one over the past three decades owes much to the charismatic reformer Zhu Rongji. His pragmatism and strong work ethic have been key forces in China’s drive to greater modernization and global stature. He served as the mayor and party chief in Shanghai from 1987 to 1991, as vice premier of China from 1991 to 1998, and then as premier until 2003. This monumental collection brings together, for the first time in English, over one hundred important speeches, articles, letters, and instructions written during his term as vice premier, when he had major responsibility for fulfilling Deng Xiaoping’s vision and setting China on a new and fruitful course. During this time, Zhu embarked on a plan to reduce the size of government and reform the heavily indebted banking system and state-owned enterprises as well as the housing and health care systems. His sweeping efforts ranged from lobbying for the establishment of stock exchanges to revitalizing agriculture through the introduction of a modern grain market. The ramifications of these reforms are still being felt throughout China and the globe, and Zhu Rongji on the Record provides a real-time look at these plans as they were being formulated during the 1990s. These pages also reflect the forthright personality that gained great popularity with the Chinese public. Zhu vows to speak the truth and avoid “empty talk,” as he tells his compatriots. “We must tackle [reform] with both hands, and both hands must be strong.” To this end, he provides lists of “musts” and “mustn’ts” that will ensure a “soft landing” during China’s transition and calls for swift and resolute action, both in reform and in fighting corruption. In addition to revealing the evolution of Zhu’s thinking and demonstrating how he helped transform the world’s most populous nation, this book provides insight into the course of China’s economic reform from the 1990s through the first part of the twenty-first century—a period of time that is key to the global order today. Publication of this English edition of Zhu Rongji on the Record will be an important milestone in Sino-U.S. cultural exchange and a significant contribution to greater understanding between the world’s two largest economic powers.
Both Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping drastically altered the course of contemporary China's economic development using opposing strategies. Mao froze China's economic system in a perennial state of consumer goods shortages and pervasive macro disequilibria. Deng, however, began thawing a rigidly structured system by introducing experimental reform measures. Mao's revolutionary rhetoric brought China's economy to the brink of bankruptcy. Deng's ideological pragmatism netted China glowing successes. Mao closed China to the outside world. Deng engineered China's reintegration into the world economy. Dismantling a dysfunctional system and replacing it with a dynamic new one involving 1.2 billion people is risk-laden. Reform in China began in 1978. It was tentative and experimental, confining reform to organizational and administrative decentralization on farms. Successes on farms ushered in reform elsewhere in the economy. Over time, market-based coordinating mechanisms progressively began replacing the system's control devices. Results from decentralization internally reinforced those from liberalization externally. This consequently transformed China's stale, distorted system into a more competitive, bustling new one ready for developmental takeoff. Its meteoric rise among the world's leading markets in recent years has thrust China's economy to the forefront of growth and development. Controlled, phased reform is yielding dividends, not only for its own consumers but for international economic cooperation and growth as well.
Author : Nicholas R. Lardy Publisher : Peterson Institute for International Economics Page : 258 pages File Size : 40,9 Mb Release : 2019-01-01 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : 9780881327380
China's extraordinarily rapid economic growth since 1978, driven by market-oriented reforms, has set world records and continued unabated, despite predictions of an inevitable slowdown. In The State Strikes Back: The End of Economic Reform in China?, renowned China scholar Nicholas R. Lardy argues that China's future growth prospects could be equally bright but are shadowed by the specter of resurgent state dominance, which has begun to diminish the vital role of the market and private firms in China's economy. Lardy's book arrives in timely fashion as a sequel to his pathbreaking Markets over Mao: The Rise of Private Business in China, published by PIIE in 2014. This book mobilizes new data to trace how President Xi Jinping has consistently championed state-owned or controlled enterprises, encouraging local political leaders and financial institutions to prop up ailing, underperforming companies that are a drag on China's potential. As with his previous book, Lardy's perspective departs from conventional wisdom, especially in its contention that China could achieve a high growth rate for the next two decades—if it reverses course and returns to the path of market-oriented reforms.
China's explosive transformation from a planned economy to a more market-oriented one over the past three decades owes much to the charismatic reformer Zhu Rongji. As China's premier from 1998 to 2003, Zhu displayed a pragmatism and strong work ethic that have been key forces in China's drive to greater modernization and global stature. During this time, Zhu embarked on a plan to reduce the size of government and reform the heavily indebted banking system and state-owned enterprises as well as to overhaul the housing and health care systems. His sweeping efforts ranged from lobbying for the establishment of stock exchanges to revitalizing agriculture through the introduction of a modern grain market. The ramifications of these reforms are still being felt throughout China and the globe, and The Road to Reform provides a real-time look at these plans as they were being formulated during the 1990s to the early 2000s. The second of a two-volume collection containing more than 100 speeches and personal papers by Zhu, this volume is a revealing and insightful look at Zhu's thinking and will lead to greater understanding of one of the world's two largest economic powers.
Chinese Economists on Economic Reform - Collected Works of Guo Shuqing by Guo Shuqing Pdf
China Development Research Foundation is one the leading economic think tanks in China, providing a base where many leading Chinese economists have developed the details of Chinese economic reform. This book is the second of a series which makes available to an English-speaking audience the work of the individual Chinese economists who were the architects of reform. The series provides an inside view of China’s economic reform, revealing the thinking of the reformers themselves, unlike many other books on China’s economic reform which are written by outside observers. Guo Shuqing has made major contributions to the thinking underlying China's economic reforms and to the practical implementation of several of those reforms.
Large-scale privatization did not emerge spontaneously in China in the late 1990s. Rather, the Chinese state led and carefully “planned” ownership transformation with timetables and measurable privatization quotas, not for the purpose of extracting the state from the economy, but in order to strengthen the rule of the Party. While it is widely believed that authoritarian regimes are better suited than democracies to carry out economic reform, this book provides a more nuanced understanding of reform in China, demonstrating that the Chinese state’s capacity to impose unpopular reform is contingent on its control over local state agents and its adaptability to societal demands. Building on rich fieldwork data gathered in three Chinese cities (Shenyang, Shanghai, and Xiamen), this book offers the first comparative study of China’s privatization processes at the local level. Instead of focusing solely on political elites, Jin Zeng adopts a multi-level interaction approach to examine how the complex interplay of the central leadership, grassroots officials, and state-owned enterprise managers and workers shaped the contour of privatization in China.The book advances three central arguments. First, local economic structure and cadre evaluation system mediated local officials’ incentives to initiate privatization. Second, local officials relied on mobilization campaigns and various appeasement measures to implement privatization. Finally, the dynamics of privatization were fundamentally driven by the central government’s reactions to social opposition and by the subsequent responses of local officials to the changed political-regulatory environment. As a detailed analysis of the dual transformation of the property regime and state–society relations in China, this book will be invaluable to students and scholars of Chinese politics, economic reform, as well as those interested in comparative political economy and economic development more broadly.
China Today by Leila Fernández-Stembridge,Taciana Fisac Pdf
First Published in 2004. China is increasingly influenced by international affairs, especially since its entry into the World Trade Organization in December 2002. Despite this, domestic reforms remain a priority, and as China adapts its economic structure to these ongoing domestic reforms, there are significant social and political consequences. These issues are thoroughly analysed in this volume, which includes chapters by both Eastern and Western specialists, thereby providing an interdisciplinary vision of contemporary China. Particular attention is devoted to questions such as the social compact in urban China, emerging social conflicts, nation building dynamics, and the redefinition of collective identities amidst the current dialectics between control and cohesion. The enduring theme of the book is the complexity of current developments in today’s China.
Author : Ross Garnaut,Ligang Song Publisher : ANU E Press Page : 500 pages File Size : 43,6 Mb Release : 2012-12-01 Category : Political Science ISBN : 9781922144553
Twenty-five years of reform have transformed China from a centrally planned and closed system to a predominantly market-driven and open economy. As a consequence, China is emerging as the new powerhouse for the world economy. China: new engine for world growth discusses the impact and significance of this transformation. It points out risks to the growth process and unfinished tasks of reform. It presents conclusions from recent research on growth, trade and investment, the financial sector, income and regional disparities, industrial location and private sector development.
To Get Rich Is Glorious by Jacques deLisle,Avery Goldstein Pdf
" In 1978, China launched economic reforms that have resulted in one of history’s most dramatic national transformations. The reforms removed bureaucratic obstacles to economic growth and tapped China’s immense reserves of labor and entrepreneurial talent to unleash unparalleled economic growth in the country. In the four decades since, China has become the world’s second-largest economy after the United States, and a leading force in international trade and investment. As the contributors to this volume show, China also faces daunting challenges in sustaining growth, continuing its economic ransformation, addressing the adverse consequences of economic success, and dealing with mounting suspicion from the United States and other trade and investment partners. China also confronts risks stemming from the project to expand its influence across the globe through infrastructure investments and other projects under the Belt and Road Initiative. At the same time, China’s current leader, Xi Jinping, appears determined to make his own lasting mark on the country and on China’s use of its economic clout to shape the world around it. "
China: Adapting the Past, Confronting the Future combines original essays by leading experts with excerpts from primary sources, the latest scholarship, Chinese literature, and Western media reports to provide a comprehensive textbook on contemporary China. Completely updated, China: Adapting the Past, Confronting the Future is the latest in a series of classroom units on China from the Center of Chinese Studies at The University of Michigan. It is not only ideal for courses on contemporary China but also an excellent supplement for courses in area studies, international affairs and economics, and women's studies. Each section, in addition to essay and excerpts, also includes a bibliography of additional topical works as well as suggestions for complementary video and internet teaching resources.