الأزمــات الاقتــصاديـة فــي الأنـدلــس من الفتح حتى سقوط غرناطة 92 897هـ 711 1492م

Author : نغــم عدنـــان أحمـــد الكركجــــي,دار الكتاب الثقافي
Publisher : دار الكتاب الثقافي
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2024-05-22
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789957550615

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الأزمــات الاقتــصاديـة فــي الأنـدلــس من الفتح حتى سقوط غرناطة ( 92 – 897هـ/711 -1492م) by نغــم عدنـــان أحمـــد الكركجــــي,دار الكتاب الثقافي Pdf

عرفت الأندلس بالسعة والرخاء حتى وصفت بالفردوس المفقود فمن الصعب أن يتخيل المرء حدوث أزمة اقتصادية وضيق معاشي فيها ولا سيما انها اشتهرت بطيب الأرض وتنوع الثمار والغلات . ومن هنا جاءت هذه الدراسة ( الأزمات الاقتصادية في الأندلس من الفتح حتى سقوط غرناطة 92 – 897 هـ/711 – 1492م) ، لتسلط الضوء على تلك الفترة العصيبة التي مرت بها البلاد وما تحمله ساكنوها من عناء ومشقة إزاء هذه الأزمات والضائقات على اختلاف مسبباتها من عوامل طبيعية او بشرية . إن تدهور الاقتصاد في مرحلة ما يخلف وراءه إرباكا ماديا ومعاشيا واضح المعالم على المجتمع الذي يعد المرآة الحقيقية لحالة البلاد الاقتصادية . و لم يقتصر تأثير الأزمات الاقتصادية في المجتمع والأفراد فحسب بل كان على الدول المتعاقبة التي حكمت الأندلس مواجهة الانعكاسات السلبية التي تركتها الأزمات الاقتصادية على سياساتها وتحركاتها العسكرية فضلا عن مسؤوليتها في التخفيف من وطأة الأزمة ومد يد العون لرعيتها في تلك الأوقات . وعلى ذلك فان للازمات الاقتصادية أبعادا عديدة منها ما اثر في الفرد بشكل مباشر والذي يعد العنصر الأساسي في تكوين المجتمع وتسيير العجلة الاقتصادية ومنها ما وقع ضررها على الثروة الزراعية وحتى الحيوانية في حين أن قسما آخر ترك التأثير السلبي في البنية العامة للدولة بصفتها الرسمية . إن تجاهل موضوع كهذا يمس حياة العامة والخاصة ، كالمجتمع والدولة يجعلنا نفتقد الى حلقة من حلقات السلسلة المترابطة لمعرفة أحوال الدول والشعوب ويبقي جانب من الجوانب المهمة في زاوية مظلمة فالاقتصاد عصب الحياة بحكم ترابطه مع ميادين عدة . لقد حظي التاريخ السياسي والعسكري للدول بعناية خاصة من قبل الباحثين والدارسين في هذا المجال في حين أهمل الجانب الاقتصادي او جاء في مرحلة متأخرة من تلك العناية بالرغم من تأثيره المباشر في الفرد والدولة كما ذكرنا.

Author : Julia Lossau,Quentin Stevens
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 243 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2014-12-05
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317631897

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The Uses of Art in Public Space by Julia Lossau,Quentin Stevens Pdf

This book links two fields of interest which are too seldom considered together: the production and critique of art in public space and social behaviour in the public realm. Whilst most writing about public art has focused on the aesthetic, cultural and political intentions and processes that shape its production, this edited collection examines a variety of public artworks from the perspective of their actual everyday use. Contributors are interested in the rich diversity of peoples’ engagements with public artworks across various spatial and temporal scales, encounters which do not limit themselves to the representational aspects of the art, and which are not necessarily as the artist, curator or sponsor intended. Case studies consider a broad range of public art, including commissioned and unofficial artworks, memorials, street art, street furniture, performance art, sound art and media installations.

Author : Anna Bentkowska-Kafel,Trish Cashen,Hazel Gardiner
Publisher : Intellect Books
Page : 142 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Art
ISBN : UOM:39015059234164

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Digital Art History by Anna Bentkowska-Kafel,Trish Cashen,Hazel Gardiner Pdf

This book looks at the transformation that Art and Art history is undergoing through engagement with the digital revolution. Since its initiation in 1985, CHArt (Computers and the History of Art) has set out to promote interaction between the rapidly developing new Information Technology and the study and practice of Art. It has become increasingly clear in recent years that this interaction has led, not just to the provision of new tools for the carrying out of existing practices, but to the evolution of unprecedented activities and modes of thought. This collection of papers represents the variety, innovation and richness of significant presentations made at the CHArt Conferences of 2001 and 2002. Some show new methods of teaching being employed, making clear in particular the huge advantages that IT can provide for engaging students in learning and interactive discussion. It also shows how much is to be gained from the flexibility of the digital image 'Äì or could be gained if the road block of copyright is finally overcome. Others look at the impact on collections and archives, showing exciting ways of using computers to make available information about collections and archives and to provide new accessibility to archives. The way such material can now be accessed via the internet has revolutionized the search methods of scholars, but it has also made information available to all. However the internet is not only about access. Some papers here show how it also offers the opportunity of exploring the structure of images and dealing with the fascinating possibilities offered by digitisation for visual analysis, searching and reconstruction. Another challenging aspect covered here are the possibilities offered by digital media for new art forms. One point that emerges is that digital art is not some discreet practice, separated from other art forms. It is rather an approach that can involve all manner of association with both other art practices and with other forms of presentation and enquiry, demonstrating that we are witnessing a revolution that affects all our activities and not one that simply leads to the establishment of a new discipline to set alongside others.

Author : Martin Zebracki
Publisher : Pallas Publications
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Public art
ISBN : 9085550653

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Public Artopia by Martin Zebracki Pdf

"This book provides further insight into the interrelationships between artwork, public space and beholder. Public art has been a burgeoning phenomenon across cities in the Western world since the late 1940s. Various axioms have been produced about what public art 'does' to people in certain places and times. These axioms mainly originate from those who produce public artworks and those who are involved in public art's enabling institutional and cultural policy contexts. Until now, public art has hardly been problematised from a geographical perspective. On top of that, little is known about the relationships between art and public space through particularly the perspectives of public art's publics. This work explicitly includes both a geographical perspective and publics' experiences of public art."--P. [4] of cover.

Author : Peter Roberts,Peter W. Roberts,Hugh Sykes
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2000-02-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0761967176

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Urban Regeneration by Peter Roberts,Peter W. Roberts,Hugh Sykes Pdf

Providing students and practitioners with a detailed overview of the key theoretical and applied issues, this book is a comprehensive and integrated primer on regeneration. The various chapters: review the history and context of urban regeneration; consider funding implications; look at environmental, social and community issues, as well as employment, education and training; focus on managing urban regeneration; consider land use issues; and discuss monitoring and evaluation. The book concludes with a comparative analysis, with examples from America and Europe, and a discussion of future trends. The book represents the first systematic overview of urban regeneration in one volume and is set to become the standard referenc

Author : Michael Roche,Juliana Mansvelt,Russell Prince,Aisling Gallagher
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Cultural geography
ISBN : 1443856045

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Engaging Geographies by Michael Roche,Juliana Mansvelt,Russell Prince,Aisling Gallagher Pdf

This volume draws together three connected strands of research dealing with landscapes, lifecourses and mobilities, and will be of interest to social and cultural geographers and those in allied social science fields, particularly those with interests in the circulation of people and policy at a number of scales and locations. Landscapes might be considered to be a very mainstream geographical theme, though we treat them in an adventurous way by concentrating on infrastructure and ideology, art and resistance, as well as through a more mainstream exploration of multifunctional landscapes. Attention to diverse aspects of the lifecourse allows us to understand the social, spatial and structural complexities which characterise social relationships from birth to death. Mobilities, likewise, provide an opportunity to draw on some concepts from contemporary social and cultural geography relating to the movement of people and ideas over time and across space. Although much of the substantive content has a New Zealand and Australian orientation, it is presented in a way that engages with broader international literatures.

Author : Jörg Schröder,Maurizio Carta,Sarah Hartmann
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2018-05
Category : City planning
ISBN : 3868595325

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Creative Heritage by Jörg Schröder,Maurizio Carta,Sarah Hartmann Pdf

"Creative Heritage is a manifesto during the European Year of Cultural Heritage 2018. It represents a call to forge connections once again between cultural heritage as things and spaces on the one hand and ideas and people on the other. Creative Heritage demands that cultural heritage be protected, used creatively and viewed as the basis and impulse to create something new. Creative Heritage shows how cultural heritage can provide an impetus to integrate the society of today and design the cities of tomorrow. 'We are campaigning to integrate cultural heritage into creative development' writes Filipe Barata, UNESCO Chairman and one of the 42 authors of the book, as well as sponsor of the initiative Creative Heritage. Creative urban planners, architects and artists, as well as creative experts for society, the economy and ecology, have drawn up the Hannover Creative Heritage Agenda with the support of the Volkswagen Foundation. It is the starting point for an international platform for experimental, pioneering projects and new concepts in which 22 universities in Europe and Latin America are already involved. The book Creative Heritage represents voices of the initiative that brings together cultural heritage, urbanism and creativity"--Back cover.

Author : Christopher Mari
Publisher : H. W. Wilson
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Avian influenza
ISBN : UVA:X030220283

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Global Epidemics by Christopher Mari Pdf

Explores historic, ongoing, and anticipated outbreaks, including influenza, AIDS, and bird flu, and examines responses by government and health care organizations.

Author : Committee of Scottish University Principals
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Education, Higher
ISBN : OCLC:28108574

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Teaching and Learning in an Expanding Higher Education System by Committee of Scottish University Principals Pdf

Author : DK
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2021-08-17
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 9780744052640

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Water Cycles by DK Pdf

Dive into the lifecycle of water and discover how it supports all life forms, how humans harness its power, and why we need to conserve it. From snowflakes falling from the clouds, deep ocean currents to hot springs, and water in space, this children’s nature book showcases the beauty and power of water in the natural world. Inside the pages of this fascinating science book for kids, you’ll discover: • Bite-size facts about inhabitants of freshwater and saltwater • Incredible photographs capture the power of water in nature • Great new angle about water and its many uses • Subjects included supports STEM learning • Cross-curricular science book - covering biology, the natural world, geography, global warming for kids, and much more The wonderful world of water awaits! Water is essential for life. We drink it, bathe in it, and thousands of creatures live in it. But we are running desperately low on it. Water Cycles shows children how important keeping hydrated is for our health and what we can do to save this life-giving substance in the face of climate change. This children’s wildlife book is packed with incredible facts about water. Little ones will learn how it affects Earth’s weather, through rainstorms, snow flurries, and cyclones, how it is used in growing food and in making electricity, as well as how water travels into our homes at the turn of a tap. From rushing rivers to vast oceans full of animals and plants, water is everywhere. Children will love seeing starfishes, manatees, and orcas come to life through spectacular photography and illustrations. It’s the perfect gift for kids aged 7-9 years who love nature and its processes!