1979 And The Re Emergence Of The Islamic Empire

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1979 And The Re-Emergence Of The Islamic Empire

Major Thomas M. Hough

Author : Major Thomas M. Hough
Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
Page : 57 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2014-08-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781782896128

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1979 And The Re-Emergence Of The Islamic Empire by Major Thomas M. Hough Pdf

In 1979 the age old struggle for the control of Islam between the Shiite and Sunni sects re-emerged in the Middle East. Four events occurred in 1979 that defined the context of contemporary Middle Eastern politics: the Islamic revolution in Iran, the signing of the Egyptian-Israeli peace accords, the siege of the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. This monograph directly addresses the roots of current Middle Eastern actors such as HAMAS, FATA, Hezbollah, Al-Qaida, and the Taliban in the aftermath of these four critical events that occurred in 1979. The methodology for this monograph consists of analyzing each of these four events and then synthesizing this information in order to determine how 1979 shaped the modern Middle East. Since the seventeenth century the Sunni sect dominated Islam. The Iranian revolution reenergized the Shiite sect throughout the Middle East while Sunni power simultaneously eroded throughout the region. While the Shiites were inspiring the Islamic community in 1979, the Sunni suffered significant blows to their legitimacy as the leaders of Islam. This monograph asserts that the prevailing conflict within the Middle East is first and foremost a contest between the Shiites and the Sunni for preeminence within the Islamic world. The conflict between Islam and the outside world remains secondary in importance. The contemporary Middle Eastern actors that dominate the western consciousness such as HAMMAS, FATA, Hezbollah, Al-Qaida, and the Taliban constitute proxy armies created by the Shiite and Sunni leadership to wage a war for influence within the Islamic world. The events of 1979 have resulted in a leveling of power in the Middle East and the emergence of the Shiites as an ideological peer competitor to the traditionally dominant Sunni.

1979 and the Re-Emergence of the Islamic Empire

Anonim

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 65 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:713204732

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1979 and the Re-Emergence of the Islamic Empire by Anonim Pdf

In 1979 the age old struggle for the control of Islam between the Shiite and Sunni sects re-emerged in the Middle East. Four events occurred in 1979 that defined the context of contemporary Middle Eastern politics: the Islamic revolution in Iran, the signing of the Egyptian-Israeli peace accords, the siege of the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. This monograph directly addresses the roots of current Middle Eastern actors such as HAMAS, FATA, Hezbollah, Al-Qaida, and the Taliban in the aftermath of these four critical events that occurred in 1979. The methodology for this monograph consists of analyzing each of these four events and then synthesizing this information in order to determine how 1979 shaped the modern Middle East. Since the seventeenth century the Sunni sect dominated Islam. The Iranian revolution re-energized the Shiite sect throughout the Middle East while Sunni power simultaneously eroded throughout the region. While the Shiites were inspiring the Islamic community in 1979, the Sunni suffered significant blows to their legitimacy as the leaders of Islam. This monograph asserts that the prevailing conflict within the Middle East is first and foremost a contest between the Shiites and the Sunni for preeminence within the Islamic world. The conflict between Islam and the outside world remains secondary in importance. The contemporary Middle Eastern actors that dominate the western consciousness such as HAMMAS, FATA, Hezbollah, Al-Qaida, and the Taliban constitute proxy armies created by the Shiite and Sunni leadership to wage a war for influence within the Islamic world. The events of 1979 have resulted in a leveling of power in the Middle East and the emergence of the Shiites as an ideological peer competitor to the traditionally dominant Sunni.

Revolutionary Iran

Michael Axworthy

Author : Michael Axworthy
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 535 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2016-03-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9780190468965

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Revolutionary Iran by Michael Axworthy Pdf

In Revolutionary Iran, Michael Axworthy guides us through recent Iranian history from shortly before the 1979 Islamic revolution through the summer of 2009, when Iranians poured into the streets of Tehran by the hundreds of thousands, demanding free, democratic government. Axworthy explains how that outpouring of support for an end to tyranny in Iran paused and then moved on to other areas in the region like Egypt and Libya, leaving Iran's leadership unchanged. The Iranian Revolution of 1979 was a defining moment of the modern era. Its success unleashed a wave of Islamist fervor across the Middle East and signaled a sharp decline in the appeal of Western ideologies in the Islamic world. Axworthy takes readers through the major periods in Iranian history over the last thirty years: the overthrow of the old regime and the creation of the new one; the Iran-Iraq war; the reconstruction era following the war; the reformist wave led by Mohammed Khatami; and the present day, in which reactionaries have re-established control. Throughout, he emphasizes that the Iranian revolution was centrally important in modern history because it provided the world with a clear model of development that was not rooted in Western ideologies. Whereas the world's major revolutions of the previous two centuries had been fuelled by Western, secular ideologies, the Iranian Revolution drew its inspiration from Islam. Revolutionary Iran is both richly textured and from one of the leading authorities on the region; combining an expansive scope with the most accessible and definitive account of this epoch in all its humanity.

In the Path of God

Daniel Pipes

Author : Daniel Pipes
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2024-07-03
Category : History
ISBN : 9781412826167

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In the Path of God by Daniel Pipes Pdf

Americans' awareness of Islam and Muslims rose to seemingly unprecedented heights in the immediate aftermath of September 11, 2001, but this is not the first time they have dominated American public life. Once before, during the period of the Iranian revolution and hostage crisis of 1979 to 1981, Americans found themselves targeted as a consequence of a militant interpretation of Islam. Daniel Pipes wrote In the Path of God in response to those events, and the heightened interest in Islam they generated. His objective was to present an overview of the connection between in Islam and political power through history in a way that would explain the origins of hostility to Americans and the West. Its relevance to our understanding of contemporary events is self evident. Muslim antagonism toward the West is deeply rooted in historical experience. In premodern times, the Islamic world enjoyed great success, being on the whole more powerful and wealthier than their neighbors. About two hundred years ago, a crisis developed, as Muslims became aware of the West's overwhelming force and economic might. While they might have found these elements attractive, Muslims found European culture largely alien and distasteful. The resulting resistance to Westernization by Muslims has deep roots, has been more persistent than that of other peoples, and goes far to explain the deep Muslim reluctance to accept modern ways. In short, Muslims saw what the West had and wanted it too, but they rejected the methods necessary to achieve this. This, the Muslim trauma, has only worsened over the years. "Scholarly, far-ranging, and thoughtful... the debate is interesting, and Pipes has made a stimulating contribution to it."-The New Republic "Brilliant, authoritative... demonstrates encyclopedic knowledge of Muslim intellectual history... Few other writers have explained so lucidly such complex developments in Muslim history."-The Washington Post "He has resisted a widespread tendency to translate Muslim self-expression into social science jargon as unintelligible as any mosque harangue. His unadorned interpretation strikes a judicious balance between faithfulness to sources and clarity of presentation."-The American Spectator Daniel Pipes is director of the Middle East Forum and a columnist for the New York Post and the Jerusalem Post. Among his books are The Long Shadow: Culture and Politics in the Middle East (published by Transaction), Greater Syria: The History of an Ambition, Friendly Tyrants: An American Dilemma, and The Rushdie Affair: The Novel, the Aftermath and the West.

Reconstructed Lives

Haleh Esfandiari

Author : Haleh Esfandiari
Publisher : Woodrow Wilson Center Press
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1997-07
Category : History
ISBN : 0801856191

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Reconstructed Lives by Haleh Esfandiari Pdf

Iranian women tell in their own words what the revolution attempted and how they responded. The Islamic revolution of 1979 transformed all areas of Iranian life. For women, the consequences were extensive and profound, as the state set out to reverse legal and social rights women had won and to dictate many aspects of women's lives, including what they could study and how they must dress and relate to men. Reconstructed Lives presents Iranian women telling in their own words what the revolution attempted and how they responded. Through a series of interviews with professional and working women in Iran—doctors, lawyers, writers, professors, secretaries, businesswomen—Haleh Esfandiari gathers dramatic accounts of what has happened to their lives as women in an Islamic society. She and her informants describe the strategies by which women try to and sometimes succeed in subverting the state's agenda. Esfandiari also provides historical background on the women's movement in Iran. She finds evidence in Iran's experience that even women from "traditional" and working classes do not easily surrender rights or access they have gained to education, career opportunities, and a public role.

Empires

Krishan Kumar

Author : Krishan Kumar
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2020-10-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781509528387

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Empires by Krishan Kumar Pdf

Empires have been the commonest form of political organization for most of recorded history. How should we best understand them? What are their principles and how do they differ from other political forms, such as the nation-state? What sort of relations between rulers and ruled do they express? Do they, as many have held, follow a particular course of “rise, decline, and fall”? How and why do empires end, and with what consequences? Is the era of empire over? This book explores these questions through a fascinating analysis of the major empires of world history and the present. It pays attention not just to the modern overseas empires of the Europeans, but also to the ancient empires of the Middle East and Mediterranean, the Islamic empires of the Arabs, Mughals, and Ottomans, and the two-thousand-year Chinese Empire. As Kumar shows, understanding empires helps us understand better the politics of our own times.

Iran and the Surrounding World

Nikki R. Keddie,Rudi Matthee

Author : Nikki R. Keddie,Rudi Matthee
Publisher : University of Washington Press
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2011-10-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9780295800240

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Iran and the Surrounding World by Nikki R. Keddie,Rudi Matthee Pdf

These essays examine Iran�s place in the world--its relations and cultural interactions with its immediate neighbors and with empires and superpowers from the beginning of the Safavid period in 1501 to the present day. The book provides important historical background on recent political and social developments in Iran and on its contemporary foreign relations. The topics explored include Iranian influence abroad on political organization, religion, literature, art, and diplomacy, as well as Iran's absorption of foreign influences in these areas. A special focus is the prevailing political culture of Iran throughout its early modern and contemporary periods. The authors combine approaches from history, political science, anthropology, international relations, and culturalstudies. Some essays address Iran�s interactions with various Arab and Turkic ethnicities in the region stretching from India to Egypt. Others examine its relations with the West during the Qajar and Pahlavi eras, women's issues, culture inside Iran during the Islamic Republic, and the Shi`ite theocracy of Iran as compared with other Muslim states.

History for the IB Diploma: The Arab-Israeli Conflict 1945-79

Jean Bottaro

Author : Jean Bottaro
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2012-08-02
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107662056

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History for the IB Diploma: The Arab-Israeli Conflict 1945-79 by Jean Bottaro Pdf

Tailored to the requirements and assessment objectives of the syllabus, they provide opportunities for students to make comparisons between different regions and time periods.

Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition

Norman Itzkowitz

Author : Norman Itzkowitz
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2008-03-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9780226098012

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Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition by Norman Itzkowitz Pdf

This skillfully written text presents the full sweep of Ottoman history from its beginnings on the Byzantine frontier in about 1300, through its development as an empire, to its late eighteenth-century confrontation with a rapidly modernizing Europe. Itzkowitz delineates the fundamental institutions of the Ottoman state, the major divisions within the society, and the basic ideas on government and social structure. Throughout, Itzkowitz emphasizes the Ottomans' own conception of their historical experience, and in so doing penetrates the surface view provided by the insights of Western observers of the Ottoman world to the core of Ottoman existence.

American Invasions

Rocky M Mirza Ph D

Author : Rocky M Mirza Ph D
Publisher : Trafford Publishing
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2010-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9781426938481

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American Invasions by Rocky M Mirza Ph D Pdf

American Invasions: Canada to Afghanistan, 1775 to 2010 is a thought-provoking analysis of the reasons for American invasions and warmongering over the last two centuries. Contrary to the views expressed by the Western media and Western historians the American Empire is not a force for the promotion of free thinking and democracy but instead a force for imperial conquests and imposed dictatorships through the use of a military-industrial complex, fed by the American Empire outspending the rest of the world combined, on weapons of mass destruction. The American Empire has used and will continue to use the most sophisticated weapons, from nuclear bombs to bunker-busting bombs to land mines to chemical and biological weapons, on defenseless men, women, and children to feed its insatiable appetite for warmongering and imperial expansion. It combines military bases around the world with military prisons used for torture and extraction of information. Its navy patrols every corner of the globe, and its planes can rain down bombs from the heavens on every civilian on the planet.

Constitutionalism, Human Rights, and Islam after the Arab Spring

Rainer Grote,Tilmann J. Röder

Author : Rainer Grote,Tilmann J. Röder
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 1200 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2016-07-25
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780190627652

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Constitutionalism, Human Rights, and Islam after the Arab Spring by Rainer Grote,Tilmann J. Röder Pdf

Constitutionalism, Human Rights, and Islam after the Arab Spring offers a comprehensive analysis of the impact that new and draft constitutions and amendments - such as those in Jordan, Morocco, Syria, Egypt, and Tunisia - have had on the transformative processes that drive constitutionalism in Arab countries. This book aims to identify and analyze the key issues facing constitutional law and democratic development in Islamic states, and offers an in-depth examination of the relevance of the transformation processes for the development and future of constitutionalism in Arab countries. Using an encompassing and multi-faceted approach, this book explores underlying trends and currents that have been pivotal to the Arab Spring, while identifying and providing a forward looking view of constitution making in the Arab world.

The Regional and Local Shaping of World Society

Mark Herkenrath

Author : Mark Herkenrath
Publisher : LIT Verlag Münster
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Globalization
ISBN : 9783825805340

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The Regional and Local Shaping of World Society by Mark Herkenrath Pdf

Globalization is usually seen as a uniform force producing similar social consequences across all societies affected. The contributions in this volume challenge this notion by demonstrating that reactions to the same global changes vary across different parts of the world. In particular, this volume examines the crucial role of economically and politically integrated regions as mediators between global challenges and local responses. To the extent that different regional reactions to global change retroact on their global context, global social transformation becomes a highly complex phenomenon.

Khatami and Gorbachev

Zhand Shakibi

Author : Zhand Shakibi
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2010-01-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780857714022

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Khatami and Gorbachev by Zhand Shakibi Pdf

Why is it important to compare the experiences, successes and difficulties of Mohammad Khatami and Mikhail Gorbachev, two leaders operating in very different political environments and cultures? Both men were products of two of the 20th century's most momentous revolutions and both sought to reform from within the contradictions and problems which these revolutions produced. Zhand Shakibi provides the first comparative analysis of Khatami and Gorbachev based on first-hand interviews and previously unpublished sources, revealing the extent of their common goals and predicaments. The importance of this study lies in its demonstration of how similar political features in completely different political environments can produce common political outcomes. This book is a fascinating resource for political scientists, international relations specialists and historians of 20th century politics.

Islamic Modernism and the Re-Enchantment of the Sacred in the Age of History

Monica M. Ringer

Author : Monica M. Ringer
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2020-09-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9781474478762

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Islamic Modernism and the Re-Enchantment of the Sacred in the Age of History by Monica M. Ringer Pdf

This book studies the complex relationship of religion to modernity and argues that modernity should be understood as the consequence, not the cause, of the new intellectual landscape of the 19th century. Shows how the adoption of historicism in the 19th century engendered Islamic modernism as a theological reform movement.

Islam and the European Empires

David Motadel

Author : David Motadel
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2014-09-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9780191645297

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Islam and the European Empires by David Motadel Pdf

At the height of the imperial age, European powers ruled over most parts of the Islamic world. The British, French, Russian, and Dutch empires each governed more Muslims than any independent Muslim state. European officials believed Islam to be of great political significance, and were quite cautious when it came to matters of the religious life of their Muslim subjects. In the colonies, they regularly employed Islamic religious leaders and institutions to bolster imperial rule. At the same time, the European presence in Muslim lands was confronted by religious resistance movements and Islamic insurgency. Across the globe, from the West African savanna to the shores of Southeast Asia, Muslim rebels called for holy war against non-Muslim intruders. Islam and the European Empires presents the first comparative account of the engagement of all major European empires with Islam. Bringing together fifteen of the world's leading scholars in the field, the volume explores a wide array of themes, ranging from the accommodation of Islam under imperial rule to Islamic anti-colonial resistance. A truly global history of empire, the volume makes a major contribution not only to our knowledge of the intersection of Islam and imperialism, but also more generally to our understanding of religion and power in the modern world.

1979 And The Re Emergence Of The Islamic Empire

1979 And The Re-Emergence Of The Islamic Empire by Major Thomas M. Hough Pdf

1979 and the Re-Emergence of the Islamic Empire by Anonim Pdf

Revolutionary Iran by Michael Axworthy Pdf

In the Path of God by Daniel Pipes Pdf

Reconstructed Lives by Haleh Esfandiari Pdf

Empires by Krishan Kumar Pdf

Iran and the Surrounding World by Nikki R. Keddie,Rudi Matthee Pdf

History for the IB Diploma: The Arab-Israeli Conflict 1945-79 by Jean Bottaro Pdf

Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition by Norman Itzkowitz Pdf

American Invasions by Rocky M Mirza Ph D Pdf

Constitutionalism, Human Rights, and Islam after the Arab Spring by Rainer Grote,Tilmann J. Röder Pdf

The Regional and Local Shaping of World Society by Mark Herkenrath Pdf

Khatami and Gorbachev by Zhand Shakibi Pdf

Islamic Modernism and the Re-Enchantment of the Sacred in the Age of History by Monica M. Ringer Pdf

Islam and the European Empires by David Motadel Pdf

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