A Computational Perspective On Visual Attention

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A Computational Perspective on Visual Attention

John K. Tsotsos
A Computational Perspective on Visual Attention Book PDF

Author : John K. Tsotsos
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 333 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2021-06-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780262543804

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A Computational Perspective on Visual Attention by John K. Tsotsos Pdf

The derivation, exposition, and justification of the Selective Tuning model of vision and attention. Although William James declared in 1890, "Everyone knows what attention is," today there are many different and sometimes opposing views on the subject. This fragmented theoretical landscape may be because most of the theories and models of attention offer explanations in natural language or in a pictorial manner rather than providing a quantitative and unambiguous statement of the theory. They focus on the manifestations of attention instead of its rationale. In this book, John Tsotsos develops a formal model of visual attention with the goal of providing a theoretical explanation for why humans (and animals) must have the capacity to attend. He takes a unique approach to the theory, using the full breadth of the language of computation—rather than simply the language of mathematics—as the formal means of description. The result, the Selective Tuning model of vision and attention, explains attentive behavior in humans and provides a foundation for building computer systems that see with human-like characteristics. The overarching conclusion is that human vision is based on a general purpose processor that can be dynamically tuned to the task and the scene viewed on a moment-by-moment basis. Tsotsos offers a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of attention theories and models and a full description of the Selective Tuning model, confining the formal elements to two chapters and two appendixes. The text is accompanied by more than 100 illustrations in black and white and color; additional color illustrations and movies are available on the book's Web site.

Computational Visual Attention Models

Milind S. Gide,Lina J. Karam
Computational Visual Attention Models Book PDF

Author : Milind S. Gide,Lina J. Karam
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2017-06-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1680832808

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Computational Visual Attention Models by Milind S. Gide,Lina J. Karam Pdf

The human visual system has evolved to have the ability to selectively focus on the most relevant parts of a visual scene. This mechanism, referred to as visual attention, has been the focus of several neurological and psychological studies in the past few decades. These studies have inspired several computational visual attention models which have been successfully applied to problems in computer vision and robotics. Computational Visual Attention Models provides a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art in computational visual attention modeling with a special focus on the latest trends. By reviewing several models published since 2012, the theoretical advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed. In addition, existing methodologies to evaluate computational models through the use of eye-tracking data along with the visual attention performance metrics used are described. The shortcomings in existing approaches and approaches to overcome them are also covered. Finally, a subjective evaluation for benchmarking existing visual attention metrics is presented and open problems in visual attention are highlighted. This monograph provides the reader with an in-depth survey of the research conducted to date in computational visual attention models and provides the basis for further research in this exciting area.

Selective Visual Attention

Liming Zhang,Weisi Lin
Selective Visual Attention Book PDF

Author : Liming Zhang,Weisi Lin
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781118060056

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Selective Visual Attention by Liming Zhang,Weisi Lin Pdf

Visual attention is a relatively new area of study combining a number of disciplines: artificial neural networks, artificial intelligence, vision science and psychology. The aim is to build computational models similar to human vision in order to solve tough problems for many potential applications including object recognition, unmanned vehicle navigation, and image and video coding and processing. In this book, the authors provide an up to date and highly applied introduction to the topic of visual attention, aiding researchers in creating powerful computer vision systems. Areas covered include the significance of vision research, psychology and computer vision, existing computational visual attention models, and the authors' contributions on visual attention models, and applications in various image and video processing tasks. This book is geared for graduates students and researchers in neural networks, image processing, machine learning, computer vision, and other areas of biologically inspired model building and applications. The book can also be used by practicing engineers looking for techniques involving the application of image coding, video processing, machine vision and brain-like robots to real-world systems. Other students and researchers with interdisciplinary interests will also find this book appealing. Provides a key knowledge boost to developers of image processing applications Is unique in emphasizing the practical utility of attention mechanisms Includes a number of real-world examples that readers can implement in their own work: robot navigation and object selection image and video quality assessment image and video coding Provides codes for users to apply in practical attentional models and mechanisms

Attention and Performance in Computational Vision

Lucas Paletta,John K. Tsotsos,Glyn Humphreys,Erich Rome
Attention and Performance in Computational Vision Book PDF

Author : Lucas Paletta,John K. Tsotsos,Glyn Humphreys,Erich Rome
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2005-01-21
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540244219

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Attention and Performance in Computational Vision by Lucas Paletta,John K. Tsotsos,Glyn Humphreys,Erich Rome Pdf

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Attention and Performance in Computational Vision, WAPCV 2004, held in Prague, Czech Republic in May 2004. The 16 revised full papers presented together with an invited paper were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement. The papers are organized in topical sections on attention in object and scene recognition, architectures for sequential attention, biologically plausible models for attention, and applications of attentive vision.

Representation in the Brain

Asim Roy,Leonid Perlovsky,Tarek Besold,Juyang Weng,Jonathan Edwards
Representation in the Brain Book PDF

Author : Asim Roy,Leonid Perlovsky,Tarek Besold,Juyang Weng,Jonathan Edwards
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 147 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2018-09-28
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889455966

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Representation in the Brain by Asim Roy,Leonid Perlovsky,Tarek Besold,Juyang Weng,Jonathan Edwards Pdf

This eBook contains ten articles on the topic of representation of abstract concepts, both simple and complex, at the neural level in the brain. Seven of the articles directly address the main competing theories of mental representation – localist and distributed. Four of these articles argue – either on a theoretical basis or with neurophysiological evidence – that abstract concepts, simple or complex, exist (have to exist) at either the single cell level or in an exclusive neural cell assembly. There are three other papers that argue for sparse distributed representation (population coding) of abstract concepts. There are two other papers that discuss neural implementation of symbolic models. The remaining paper deals with learning of motor skills from imagery versus actual execution. A summary of these papers is provided in the Editorial.

Visual Attention and Cognition

W.H. Zangemeister,H.S. Stiehl,C. Freksa
Visual Attention and Cognition Book PDF

Author : W.H. Zangemeister,H.S. Stiehl,C. Freksa
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1996-09-23
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0080545033

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Visual Attention and Cognition by W.H. Zangemeister,H.S. Stiehl,C. Freksa Pdf

The goal of this book is to put together some of the main interdisciplinary aspects that play a role in visual attention and cognition. The book is aimed at researchers and students with interdisciplinary interest. In the first chapter a general discussion of the influential scanpath theory and its implications for human and robot vision is presented. Subsequently, four characteristic aspects of the general theme are dealt with in topical chapters, each of which presents some of the different viewpoints of the various disciplines involved. They cover neuropsychology, clinical neuroscience, modeling, and applications. Each of the chapters opens with a synopsis tying together the individual contributions.

VOCUS: A Visual Attention System for Object Detection and Goal-Directed Search

Simone Frintrop
VOCUS A Visual Attention System for Object Detection and Goal Directed Search Book PDF

Author : Simone Frintrop
Publisher : Springer
Page : 219 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2006-03-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540327608

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VOCUS: A Visual Attention System for Object Detection and Goal-Directed Search by Simone Frintrop Pdf

This monograph presents a complete computational system for visual attention and object detection. VOCUS (Visual Object detection with a Computational attention System) represents a major step forward on integrating data-driven and model-driven information into a single framework. Additionally, the volume contains an extensive review of the literature on visual attention, detailed evaluations of VOCUS in different settings, and applications of the system.

Vision

David Marr
Vision Book PDF

Author : David Marr
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 429 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2010-07-09
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780262514620

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Vision by David Marr Pdf

Available again, an influential book that offers a framework for understanding visual perception and considers fundamental questions about the brain and its functions. David Marr's posthumously published Vision (1982) influenced a generation of brain and cognitive scientists, inspiring many to enter the field. In Vision, Marr describes a general framework for understanding visual perception and touches on broader questions about how the brain and its functions can be studied and understood. Researchers from a range of brain and cognitive sciences have long valued Marr's creativity, intellectual power, and ability to integrate insights and data from neuroscience, psychology, and computation. This MIT Press edition makes Marr's influential work available to a new generation of students and scientists. In Marr's framework, the process of vision constructs a set of representations, starting from a description of the input image and culminating with a description of three-dimensional objects in the surrounding environment. A central theme, and one that has had far-reaching influence in both neuroscience and cognitive science, is the notion of different levels of analysis—in Marr's framework, the computational level, the algorithmic level, and the hardware implementation level. Now, thirty years later, the main problems that occupied Marr remain fundamental open problems in the study of perception. Vision provides inspiration for the continuing efforts to integrate knowledge from cognition and computation to understand vision and the brain.

Computer Analysis of Human Behavior

Albert Ali Salah,Theo Gevers
Computer Analysis of Human Behavior Book PDF

Author : Albert Ali Salah,Theo Gevers
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2011-10-07
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780857299949

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Computer Analysis of Human Behavior by Albert Ali Salah,Theo Gevers Pdf

This book provides a broad survey of advanced pattern recognition techniques for human behavior analysis. Clearly structured, the book begins with concise coverage of the major concepts, before introducing the most frequently used techniques and algorithms in detail, and then discussing examples of real applications. Features: contains contributions from an international selection of experts in the field; presents a thorough introduction to the fundamental topics of human behavior analysis; investigates methods for activity recognition, including gait and posture analysis, hand gesture analysis, and semantics of human behavior in image sequences; provides an accessible psychological treatise on social signals for the analysis of social behaviors; discusses voice and speech analysis, combined audiovisual cues, and social interactions and group dynamics; examines applications in different research fields; each chapter concludes with review questions, a summary of the topics covered, and a glossary.

Cognitive Electrophysiology of Attention

George R. Mangun
Cognitive Electrophysiology of Attention Book PDF

Author : George R. Mangun
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2013-08-31
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780123984968

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Cognitive Electrophysiology of Attention by George R. Mangun Pdf

Cognitive Electrophysiology of Attention explores the fundamental mechanisms of attention and related cognitive functions from cognitive neuroscience perspectives. Attention is an essential cognitive ability that enables humans to process and act upon relevant information while ignoring distracting information, and the capacity to focus attention is at the core of mental functioning. Understanding the neural bases of human attention remains a key challenge for neuroscientists and psychologists, and is essential for translational efforts to treat attentional deficits in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Cognitive electrophysiology is at the center of a multidisciplinary approach that involves the efforts of psychologists, neuroscientists, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, and neurologists to identify basic brain mechanisms and develop translational approaches to improve mental health. This edited volume is authored by leading investigators in the field and discusses methods focused on electrophysiological recordings in humans, including electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related potential (ERP) methods, and also incorporates evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Cognitive Electrophysiology of Attention illuminates specific models about attentional mechanisms in vision, audition, multisensory integration, memory, and semantic processing in humans. Provides an exhaustive overview of attention processes, going from normal functioning to the pathological, and using a combination of methodological tools An important reference for electrophysiology researchers looking at underlying attention processes rather than the methods themselves Enables researchers across a broad range of cognitive-process and methodological specialties to stay current on particular hypotheses, findings, and methods Edited and authored by the worldwide leaders in the field, affording the broadest, most expert coverage available

Visual Attention and Cortical Circuits

Jochen Braun,Christof Koch,Joel L. Davis
Visual Attention and Cortical Circuits Book PDF

Author : Jochen Braun,Christof Koch,Joel L. Davis
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0262024934

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Visual Attention and Cortical Circuits by Jochen Braun,Christof Koch,Joel L. Davis Pdf

An attempt to derive a comprehensive theory of attention from both neurobiological and psychological data.

Mechanisms of Visual Attention

Werner X. Schneider,Sabine Maasen
Mechanisms of Visual Attention Book PDF

Author : Werner X. Schneider,Sabine Maasen
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0863779816

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Mechanisms of Visual Attention by Werner X. Schneider,Sabine Maasen Pdf

In order to produce coherent behaviour in a complex world, forms of visual attention are necessary in order for us to select appropriate objects for action. Over the past ten years, there have been considerable advances in research into visual attention, with many of these advances linked to interdisciplinary research in experimental psychology, neuropsychology, neurophysiology and functional imaging. This work has begun to allow us to understand not only the functional properties of visual attention, but also how attentional processes are localized in the brain: the cognitive neuroscience of visual attention. This special issue draws together research from leading figures in this field, to highlight recent progress in understanding how selective processes operate in perception and action.

Visual Attention

Richard D. Wright
Visual Attention Book PDF

Author : Richard D. Wright
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 494 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1998-10-29
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780195352016

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Visual Attention by Richard D. Wright Pdf

Paying attention is something we are all familiar with and often take for granted, yet the nature of the operations involved in paying attention is one of the most profound mysteries of the brain. This book contains a rich, interdisciplinary collection of articles by some of the pioneers of contemporary research on attention. Central themes include how attention is moved within the visual field; attention's role during visual search, and the inhibition of these search processes; how attentional processing changes as continued practice leads to automatic performance; how visual and auditory attentional processing may be linked; and recent advances in functional neuro-imaging and how they have been used to study the brain's attentional network

Visual Cognition

Glyn W. Humphreys,Vicki Bruce
Visual Cognition Book PDF

Author : Glyn W. Humphreys,Vicki Bruce
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2021-12-24
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317716624

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Visual Cognition by Glyn W. Humphreys,Vicki Bruce Pdf

Vision allows us to do many things. It enables us to perceive a world composed of meaningful objects and events. It enables us to track those events as they take place in front of our eyes. It enables us to read. It provides accurate spatial information for actions such as reaching for or avoiding objects. It provides colour and texture that can help us to separate objects from their background, and so forth. This book is concerned with understanding the processes that allow us to carry out these various visually driven behaviours. In the past ten years our understanding of visual processing has undergone a rapid change, primarily fostered by the convergence of computational, experimental and neuropsychological work on the topic. Visual Cognition provides the first major attempt to cover all aspects of this work within a single text. It provides a summary of research on visual information processing, relevant to advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and research workers. It covers: seeing static forms, object recognition, dynamic vision (motion perception and visual masking), visual attention, visual memory, visual aspects of reading. For each topic, the relevant computational, experimental and neuropsychological work is integrated to provide a broader coverage than that of other texts.

The Cambridge Handbook of Computational Psychology

Ron Sun
The Cambridge Handbook of Computational Psychology Book PDF

Author : Ron Sun
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 767 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2008-04-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780521674102

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The Cambridge Handbook of Computational Psychology by Ron Sun Pdf

A cutting-edge reference source for the interdisciplinary field of computational cognitive modeling.