Download Full eBooks in PDF
A Flexible Efficient Computer System To Answer Human Questions Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle version is available to download in english. Read online anytime anywhere directly from your device. Click on the download button below to get a free pdf file of A Flexible Efficient Computer System To Answer Human Questions book. This book definitely worth reading, it is an incredibly well-written.
Author : J. C. Comfort
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2014-09-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3034859953
Author : John Craig Comfort
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 137 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1975
Category : DL* (Computer program language)
ISBN : OCLC:1103653602
Author : COMFORT
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2013-12-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034859943
Author : Jack Belzer,Albert G. Holzman,Allen Kent
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1979-05-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0824722620
"This comprehensive reference work provides immediate, fingertip access to state-of-the-art technology in nearly 700 self-contained articles written by over 900 international authorities. Each article in the Encyclopedia features current developments and trends in computers, software, vendors, and applications...extensive bibliographies of leading figures in the field, such as Samuel Alexander, John von Neumann, and Norbert Wiener...and in-depth analysis of future directions."
Author : KANADE
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 102 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2013-12-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034857376
Picture processing by computer has found its application in various fields. Character recognition has shown the most practical success. Furthermore, the techniques span much more sophisticated applications such as interpretation of biomedical images and X-ray films, measurement of images in nuclear physics, processing of a large volume of pictorial data sent from the satellites, etc. The particular problem attacked in this thesis is computer analysis and identification of human faces. Pictures of human faces are successfully analyzed by a computer program which extracts face feature points, such as nose, mouth, eyes, and so on. The program was tested with more than 800 photographs The research has been done with main emphasis on the method of how to incorporate the picture structures into the picture anlysis program. The success of the program is due to the employment of a flexible picture analysis scheme with feedbacks, which will be described in the next chapter. An experiment on face identification of 20 people was also conducted. I-1. Picture Analysis and Recognition- New Aspects When shown the pictures of the human face of Fig. 1-1, we can immediately tell the positions of the nose, mouth and eyes; and more- over, we can say that both pictures surely portray the same person. Picture analysis and recognition by computer concerns itself with this type of two-dimensional image processing. In this thesis, I selected human-face pictures as objects of processing.
Author : DAVIS
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 149 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034857888
The role of the computer in the practice of organic chemistry has been firmly established over the past decade. Its uses as a large scale information storage and retrieval device in chemistry have been too numerous to mention. More recently, the applicability of computers to the problem of discovering valid and reasonable synthesis routes for organic molecules has been demonstrated. This has been both as an adjunct to the 1 chemist in the on-line interactive mode ,2,3 and also as a wholly computer-directed system seeking to simulate the intelligent prob- 4 lem-solving activity of the human organic synthetic chemist. ,5 In all of these computer applications to organic chemistry, it has been necessary to devise some computer-compatible repres- tation of an organic molecule that is both canonical and c- venient for table look-ups. This is in order that entities that have been constructed at different times under different circumstances can be identified and classified, with identical molecules being recognized as such even if their connection matrices list the elements of the molecule in different orders. E. J. Corey and W. T. Wipke, Science, 166, 178 (1969). 2 E. J. Corey, W. T. Wipke, R. D. Cramer III and W. J. Howe, J. Americ. Chern. Soc. , 94, 421 (1972) and 431 (1972). 3 E. J. Corey, R. D. Cramer III and W. J. Howe, ~. Americ. Chern. Soc. , 94, 440 (1972). 4 H. L. Gelernter, N. S. Sridharan and A. J.
Author : BALLARD
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034855020
Author : BOSSEL
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 555 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034854955
In an ever more complex and interrelated world, a better understanding of social systems and of the dynamics of their behavior is of crucial im portance. Many of the tools holding promise of potentially significant contributions to the analysis of social systems have been, or are being developed outside of the social sciences proper, mostly the loose collec tion of diverse scientific approaches called' systems science' or , systems theory' . The editors - all of whom are involved in social systems analysis - have made an attempt in this volume to pull together several aspects of systems science which appear to them to be of particular relevance to the study of social systems: Control systems, stochastic systems, pattern recog nition, fuzzy analysis, simulation, and behavioral models. 29 authors from the disciplines of sociology, social psychology, political science, management science, history, behavioral science, economics, mathematics, engineering, and systems science have contributed to this truly interdis ciplinary effort. All of them have made the attempt to write in a manner understandable by the non-specialist. It is hoped that this volume will be of particular usefulness to students in the social sciences. Most of the articles are too short to provide much more than an initial stimulation. We trust that the references provided by the authors will allow deeper penetration into particular areas.
Author : ATKIN
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783034857505
This book is a presentation of my recent research work into the theory and applications of mathematical relations between finite sets. The consequent results and concepts are expressed in 'conjunction' with the idea of a union of simplicial complexes and the algorithms and overall methodology have become known as Q-Analysis. The mathematical ideas are essentially comhinatorial and are developed in Section-A of the book, whilst Section-R contains an application to a community study (that of the IJniversity of Rssex). All of the work has been published elsewhere, in the usual form of papers, and a comprehensive introduction to the whole approach will be found in my earlier book, Mathematical Structure in Human Affairs (Heinemann, London 1974). Much of the research work referred to in this present hook would not have been possible without the co-operation of my research team, of whom I would particularly like to thank J.II. Johnson, and its puhlication owes a lot to the secretarial help provided by ~Iary Low. R.H. Atkin IJniversity of Rssex U.K.
Author : BILLETER
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 668 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2013-12-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034857932
0.1 Gaps in Optimizing A comparison of the levels of development of Operations Research, Simulation Technique and Optimal Control Theory appears to gain increasing interest. Operations Research Sciences achieved very high mathematical standards and solved a great amount of important optimization problems, mainly at the level of management of private corporation and civil or military government tasks, however, these achievements are seldom incorporated in the mathematical curriculum of modern universities. Nevertheless, Operations Research seems to have failed in solving long range or strategical problems as they arise in any broader social, economical or political context (MUller-Merbach, 1976). Also for the weakest task, namely that of improving theory building, system simulation works as an optimization tool. Simulation models of large complex systems, like socio economical or political ones, failed until now to fit large empirical data bases. This was, in fact, one of the few serious objections against the form in which Forrester solved some problems modelling and simulating urban and world de velopments (Forrester, 1969; Forrester, 1971; IEEE-SCC October 197o; IEEE-SMC April 1972; Mass, 1974; Schroeder, 1975).
Author : WECHSLER
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034857673
1.1 Statement of the Problem This work describes a new and effective computer algorithm for detecting the contours of ribs in ehest radiographs. The problem, which is common to both the research areas of Machine Vision and Biomedical Computing, is to extract graphical information, such as that represented in Figure 1-lb, from a picture such as Figure 1-la. Figure 1-la shows a typical posterior-anterior (PA) ehest radiograph while Figure 1-lb shows a drawing of the ventral aspect of the thorax. lt is hoped that this researchwill contribute significantly toward developing an automated system for interpreting ehest radio graphs. 1.2 Why Have We Carried Out This Research? Since about one-third of the 650,000,000 medical radiographs (X-ray photographs) taken annually in the United States areehest radiographs, there is a growing awareness of the need for a computer aided system to help diagnose these radiographs. The detection of rib contours is, of course, a necessary element in such a system. In addition to being able to accommodate the need for a mass screening program, an automated systemalso has the ability to detect anomalies at earlier stages. Ziskin et al (1971) state that reliable 2 {a) Original Chest Radiograph Figure 1-1. A Chest Radiograph 3 VENTRAL CONTOUR CARTILAGE {b) THE THORAX; VENTRAL ASPECT OF A CHEST RADIOGRAPH Figura 1-1 A CHEST RADIOGRAPH studies indicate that even under routine conditions radiologists fail to detect approximately 30% of abnormalities in ehest X-ray films.
Author : BOHAM,SHAPIRO
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783034858724
This volume is the product of the Conference on Cognitive Process Models of Foreign Policy Decision-Making which was held in London at the Richardson Institute for Conflict and Peace Research from March 17-24, 1973. We would like to thank Michael Nicholson, Director of the Richardson Institute, for acting as the host of the Conference. Support for the Conference and the preparation of the Conference papers for publication was provided by the Mathematical Social Sciences Board (MSSB). The MSSB is funded by aNational Science Foundation grant which is administered by the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences as the primary grantee. We are grateful to Hayward Alker, Jr. and William H. Riker of the MSSB for their help and encouragement. The graph shown on the cover is a cognitive map representation of the output from our computer simulation of foreign pOlicy decision-making. We would like to thank Robert Axelrod and Gary Raffel of the University of Michigan for generating the graph. PART I INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1 THOUGHT AND ACTION IN FOREIGN POLICY G. MATTHEW BONHAM The American University MICHAEL J. SHAPIRO University of Hawaii Introduction The papers assembled here constitute, and to some extent represent, widely disparate views of foreign policy thinking and decision-making. As is the case with almost any collective enterprise, it is possible to suggest some noteworthy resemblances among the contributions to this volume and to indicate grounds for distinguishing them from other "approaches.
Author : STROETMANN
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034858670
Technological progress is a major factor chaping economic growth. Today's standard of living is a direct result of scientific advances and technical change in the past. Since uncontrolled technological progress has become amenace to our well being and may actually threat our survival, it is necessary to learn to manage technological progress and direct innovative activities in such a manner that both private wants and social needs playa dominant role in determining the rate and direction of technical change. This requires a better understanding of the processes of technical change, of their impact on and interrelationships with economic and social developments and of the means and measures by which both individuals and governments can influence and direct technological progress. To this end, the Ninistry for Research and Technology of the Federal Republ ic of Germany and the National Science Foundation of the Uni ted States of America invited a group of scholars, corporate managers and civil servants to a one week seminar on "Technolo gical Innovation". The seminar took place in April, 1976, in Bonn, Federal Republ ic of Germany. Most papers presented at this meeting were specifically prepared for the seminar. With this volume, they are made available to a larger audience to further stimulate discussion not only among scholars interested in innovation research and technology policy questions but also among managers, union officials, civil ser vants and others directly or indirectly concerned with and affected by technical change.
Author : GIPS
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2013-12-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034857536
Shape grammars provide a means for the recursive specification of shapes. The formalism for shape grammars is designed to be easily usable and understandable by people and at the same time to be adaptable for use in computer programs. Shape grammars are similar to phrase structura grammars, which were developed by Chomsky [ 1956, 1957]. Where a phrase structura grammar is defined over an alphabet of symbols and generates a language of sequences of symbols, a shape grammar is defined over an alphabet of shapes and generates a language of shapes. This dissertation explores the uses of shape grammars. The dissertation is divided into three sections and an appendix. In the first section: Shape grammars are defined. Some simple examples are given for instructiva purposes. Shape grammars are used to generate a new class of reversible figures. Shape grammars are given for some well-known mathematical curves (the Snowflake curve, a variation of Peano's curve, and Hilbert's curve). To show the general computational power of shape grammars, a procedura that given any Turing machine constructs a shape grammar that simulates the operation of that Turing machine is presented. Related work on various formalisms for pictura grammars is described. A symbolic characterization of shape grammars is given that is useful for implementing shape grammars in computer programs.
Author : STINY
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 419 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2013-12-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034868792
