A Global Strategy To Manage The Long Term Risks Of Covid 19

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A Global Strategy to Manage the Long-Term Risks of COVID-19

Ruchir Agarwal,Ms. Gita Gopinath,Jeremy Farrar,Richard Hatchett,Peter Sands
A Global Strategy to Manage the Long Term Risks of COVID 19 Book PDF

Author : Ruchir Agarwal,Ms. Gita Gopinath,Jeremy Farrar,Richard Hatchett,Peter Sands
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 26 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2022-04-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400205996

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A Global Strategy to Manage the Long-Term Risks of COVID-19 by Ruchir Agarwal,Ms. Gita Gopinath,Jeremy Farrar,Richard Hatchett,Peter Sands Pdf

The pandemic is not over, and the health and economic losses continue to grow. It is now evident that COVID-19 will be with us for the long term, and there are very different scenarios for how it could evolve, from a mild endemic scenario to a dangerous variant scenario. This realization calls for a new strategy that manages both the uncertainty and the long-term risks of COVID-19. There are four key policy implications of such as strategy. First, we need to achieve equitable access beyond vaccines to encompass a comprehensive toolkit. Second, we must monitor the evolving virus and dynamically upgrade the toolkit. Third, we must transition from the acute response to a sustainable strategy toward COVID-19, balanced and integrated with other health and social priorities. Fourth, we need a unified risk-mitigation approach to future infectious disease threats beyond COVID-19. Infectious diseases with pandemic potential are a threat to global economic and health security. The international community should recognize that its pandemic financing addresses a systemic risk to the global economy, not just the development need of a particular country. Accordingly, it should allocate additional funding to fight pandemics and strengthen health systems both domestically and overseas. This will require about $15 billion in grants this year and $10 billion annually after that.

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 9)

Dean T. Jamison,Hellen Gelband,Susan Horton,Prabhat Jha,Charles N. Mock,Rachel Nugent
Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 9 Book PDF

Author : Dean T. Jamison,Hellen Gelband,Susan Horton,Prabhat Jha,Charles N. Mock,Rachel Nugent
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 426 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2017-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781464805288

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Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 9) by Dean T. Jamison,Hellen Gelband,Susan Horton,Prabhat Jha,Charles N. Mock,Rachel Nugent Pdf

As the culminating volume in the DCP3 series, volume 9 will provide an overview of DCP3 findings and methods, a summary of messages and substantive lessons to be taken from DCP3, and a further discussion of cross-cutting and synthesizing topics across the first eight volumes. The introductory chapters (1-3) in this volume take as their starting point the elements of the Essential Packages presented in the overview chapters of each volume. First, the chapter on intersectoral policy priorities for health includes fiscal and intersectoral policies and assembles a subset of the population policies and applies strict criteria for a low-income setting in order to propose a "highest-priority" essential package. Second, the chapter on packages of care and delivery platforms for universal health coverage (UHC) includes health sector interventions, primarily clinical and public health services, and uses the same approach to propose a highest priority package of interventions and policies that meet similar criteria, provides cost estimates, and describes a pathway to UHC.

National EHealth Strategy Toolkit

World Health Organization
National EHealth Strategy Toolkit Book PDF

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Health planning
ISBN : 9240689656

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National EHealth Strategy Toolkit by World Health Organization Pdf

Worldwide the application of information and communication technologies to support national health-care services is rapidly expanding and increasingly important. This is especially so at a time when all health systems face stringent economic challenges and greater demands to provide more and better care especially to those most in need. The National eHealth Strategy Toolkit is an expert practical guide that provides governments their ministries and stakeholders with a solid foundation and method for the development and implementation of a national eHealth vision action plan and monitoring fram.

Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response

World Health Organization,World Health Organization. Global Influenza Programme
Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Book PDF

Author : World Health Organization,World Health Organization. Global Influenza Programme
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 62 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789241547680

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Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response by World Health Organization,World Health Organization. Global Influenza Programme Pdf

This guidance is an update of WHO global influenza preparedness plan: the role of WHO and recommendations for national measures before and during pandemics, published March 2005 (WHO/CDS/CSR/GIP/2005.5).

National and Global Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic

A.S. Bhalla
National and Global Responses to the COVID 19 Pandemic Book PDF

Author : A.S. Bhalla
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2023-08-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783031295218

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National and Global Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic by A.S. Bhalla Pdf

This book traces the evolution of Covid across different geographic regions, showing how the varying responses of leaders, citizens and other key stakeholders in efforts to tackle the Covid crisis determined outcomes. It finds that leadership, in particular, played a critical role, while initial conditions, such as health-care spending and infrastructure are important factors contributing to a country’s preparedness in coping with a pandemic.

The Impact of the IMF’s COVID-19 Support to Developing and Emerging Economies

Sumin Chun,Karmen Naidoo,Nelson Sobrinho
The Impact of the IMF s COVID 19 Support to Developing and Emerging Economies Book PDF

Author : Sumin Chun,Karmen Naidoo,Nelson Sobrinho
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 61 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2022-12-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400229114

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The Impact of the IMF’s COVID-19 Support to Developing and Emerging Economies by Sumin Chun,Karmen Naidoo,Nelson Sobrinho Pdf

We construct a high-frequency dataset that combines information on all IMF lending and proxies of monthly economic activity during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–21). Using this novel dataset and standard econometric techniques we find a positive and significant marginal effect of IMF financing on economic activity in low-income countries (LICs) and emerging market economies. We also present tentative evidence that IMF financing may have helped economic outcomes by easing fiscal budget constraints, allowing for larger government spending in response to the pandemic. Overall, this evidence suggests that IMF financing helped lessen the negative impacts of the pandemic on economic activity, especially in LICs.

Fiscal Monitor, October 2022

International Monetary Fund
Fiscal Monitor October 2022 Book PDF

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2022-10-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400212741

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Fiscal Monitor, October 2022 by International Monetary Fund Pdf

The report explores how fiscal policy can foster resilience by protecting households against large income and employment losses. Governments face increasingly difficult trade-offs in tackling the spikes in food and energy prices when policy buffers are largely exhausted after two years of pandemic. They should prioritize protecting vulnerable groups through targeted support while keeping a tight fiscal stance to help reduce inflation. Building fiscal buffers in normal times would allow governments to respond swiftly and flexibly during adversities. Several fiscal tools, such as job-retention schemes, have proven useful to preserve jobs and income for workers. Social safety nets should be made more readily scalable and better targeted, leveraging digital technologies. Exceptional support to firms should be reserved for severe situations and requires sound fiscal risk management.

Private Savings and COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa

Mr. Boileau Loko,Nelie Nembot,Mr. Marcos Poplawski Ribeiro
Private Savings and COVID 19 in Sub Saharan Africa Book PDF

Author : Mr. Boileau Loko,Nelie Nembot,Mr. Marcos Poplawski Ribeiro
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 47 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2022-09-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400219306

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Private Savings and COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa by Mr. Boileau Loko,Nelie Nembot,Mr. Marcos Poplawski Ribeiro Pdf

The paper reexamines the main private savings determinants in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), followed by an analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on private savings in SSA and other country groupings. Using an unbalanced panel data from 1983−2021 for 31 SSA economies, the paper finds that real per capita economic growth remains a key historical determinant of private savings in the region. In contrast with other regions, private saving rates have not increased during COVID-19 in SSA. Instead, COVID-19 deaths in our estimations are significantly associated with a decline in private savings in SSA. Robustness checks and a descriptive analysis of household surveys during the pandemic corroborate those results.

Global Economic Prospects, June 2022

World Bank
Global Economic Prospects June 2022 Book PDF

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2022-08-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464818448

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Global Economic Prospects, June 2022 by World Bank Pdf

The world economy continues to suffer from a series of destabilizing shocks. After more than two years of pandemic, Russia's invasion of Ukraine and its global effects on commodity markets, supply chains, inflation, and financial conditions have steepened the slowdown in global growth. In particular, the war is leading to soaring prices and volatility in energy markets, with improvements in activity in energy exporters more than offset by headwinds to activity in most other economies. The war has also led to a significant increase in agricultural commodity prices, which is exacerbating food insecurity and extreme poverty in many emerging market and developing economies. Numerous risks could further derail what is now a precarious recovery. Among them is, in particular, the possibility of stubbornly high global inflation accompanied by tepid growth, reminiscent of the stagflation of the 1970s. This could eventually result in a sharp tightening of monetary policy in advanced economies to rein in inflation, lead to surging borrowing costs, and possibly culminate in financial stress in some emerging market and developing economies. A forceful and wide-ranging policy response is required by policy makers and the global community to boost growth, bolster macroeconomic frameworks, reduce financial vulnerabilities, provide support to the vulnerable population groups, and attenuate the long-term impacts of the global shocks of recent years.

IMF Engagement on Health Spending Issues in Surveillance and Program Work

Mauricio Soto,Mr. Geremia Palomba,Carolina Bloch,Nick Carroll,Tohid Atashbar,Deeksha Kale,Baoping Shang,Kiichi Tokuoka
IMF Engagement on Health Spending Issues in Surveillance and Program Work Book PDF

Author : Mauricio Soto,Mr. Geremia Palomba,Carolina Bloch,Nick Carroll,Tohid Atashbar,Deeksha Kale,Baoping Shang,Kiichi Tokuoka
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 57 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2023-12-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400258732

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IMF Engagement on Health Spending Issues in Surveillance and Program Work by Mauricio Soto,Mr. Geremia Palomba,Carolina Bloch,Nick Carroll,Tohid Atashbar,Deeksha Kale,Baoping Shang,Kiichi Tokuoka Pdf

IMF country teams have become increasingly engaged on health spending issues in surveillance and program work, and more so since the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary objectives of health spending are to improve health outcomes and provide protection to households against high financial costs of health care. The Fund’s engagement on health spending issues is guided by an assessment of its macro-criticality, with the scope and purpose of engagement varying across countries and depending on whether it occurs in surveillance or program contexts. This technical note discusses how to assess the macro-criticality of health spending and reviews appropriate policy responses. The design and implementation of macro-critical health reforms often require specific sectoral knowledge and experience. Thus, this note emphasizes the importance of collaborating with development partners on health policy issues.

Finance Vaccine Equity: Funding for Day-Zero of the Next Pandemic

Ruchir Agarwal,Tristan Reed
Finance Vaccine Equity Funding for Day Zero of the Next Pandemic Book PDF

Author : Ruchir Agarwal,Tristan Reed
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 29 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2022-05-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400210570

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Finance Vaccine Equity: Funding for Day-Zero of the Next Pandemic by Ruchir Agarwal,Tristan Reed Pdf

A lack of timely financing for purchases of vaccines and other health products impeded the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on analysis of contract signature and delivery dates in COVID-19 vaccine advance purchase agreements, this paper finds that 60-75 percent of the delay in vaccine deliveries to low- and middle-income countries is attributable to their signing purchase agreements later than high-income countries, which placed them further behind in the delivery line. A pandemic Advance Commitment Facility with access to a credit line on day-zero of the next pandemic could allow low- and middle-income countries to secure orders earlier, ensuring a much faster and equitable global response than during COVD-19. The paper outlines four options for a financier to absorb some or all of the risk associated with the credit line and discusses how the credit would complement other proposals to strengthen the financing architecture for pandemic preparedness, prevention, and response.

The Wuhan Cover-Up

Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
The Wuhan Cover Up Book PDF

Author : Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 613 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2023-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781510773998

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The Wuhan Cover-Up by Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Pdf

“RFK Jr. exposes the decades of lies.”—Luc Montagnier, Nobel laureate From the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, USA Today, and Publishers Weekly bestselling author of The Real Anthony Fauci comes an explosive exposé of the cover-up behind the true origins of COVID-19. “Gain-of-function” experiments are often conducted to deliberately develop highly virulent, easily transmissible pathogens for the stated purpose of developing preemptive vaccines for animal viruses before they jump to humans. More insidious is the “dual use” nature of this research, specifically directed toward bioweapons development. The Wuhan Cover-Up pulls back the curtain on how the US government's increase in biosecurity spending after the 2001 terror attacks set in motion a plan to transform the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), under the direction of Dr. Anthony Fauci, into a de facto Defense Department agency. While Dr. Fauci zealously funded and pursued gain-of-function research, concern grew among some scientists and government officials about the potential for accidental or deliberate release of weaponized viruses from labs that might trigger worldwide pandemics. A moratorium was placed on this research, but true to form, Dr. Fauci found ways to continue unperturbed—outsourcing some of the most controversial experiments offshore to China and providing federal funding to Wuhan Institute of Virology's (WIV's) leading researchers for gain-of-function studies in partnership with the Chinese military and the Chinese Communist Party. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s meticulously researched and rigorously sourced analysis leads readers on a staggering journey to learn about: the key enablers and henchmen pushing for gain-of-function research the economic motives behind gain-of-function research successfully engineered “chimeric viruses” that can infect and kill humans the coordinated effort to silence speculation of COVID-19’s laboratory genesis the complicity of scientific journals to hide the origins of COVID-19 the role of the Wuhan Institute of Virology in China’s biowarfare/biodefense program the relationships between US health, military, and intelligence bureaucracies and scientists and their Chinese counterparts the roles of Bill Gates and Sir Jeremy Farrar in orchestrating a global cover-up The Wuhan Cover-Up unveils a global conspiracy of epic proportion and lethal consequence.

COVID-19 in the Environment

Deepak Rawtani,Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain,Nitasha Khatri
COVID 19 in the Environment Book PDF

Author : Deepak Rawtani,Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain,Nitasha Khatri
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2021-09-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780323902731

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COVID-19 in the Environment by Deepak Rawtani,Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain,Nitasha Khatri Pdf

COVID-19 in the Environment: Impact, Concerns, and Management of Coronavirus highlights the research and technology addressing COVID-19 in the environment, including the associated fate, transport, and disposal. It examines the impacts of the virus at local, national, and global levels, including both positive and negative environmental impacts and techniques for assessing and managing them. Utilizing case studies, it also presents examples of various issues around handling these impacts, as well as policies and strategies being developed as a result. Organized into six parts, COVID-19 in the Environment begins by presenting the nature of the virus and its transmission in various environmental media, as well as models for reducing the transmission. Section 2 describes methods for monitoring and detecting the virus, whereas Sections 3, 4, and 5 go on to examine the socio-economic impact, the environmental impact and risk, and the waste management impact, respectively. Finally, Section 6 explores the environmental policies and strategies that have comes as a result of COVID-19, the implications for climate change, and what the long-term effects will be on environmental sustainability. Examines the fate, transport, and management of COVID-19 and COVID-19 related waste in the environment Explores a variety of issues related to the environmental handling and impacts of COVID-19, particularly utilizing case studies Offers tools and techniques for assessing real-time environmental issues related to COVID-19

Global Strategic Management

Philippe Lasserre,Felipe Monteiro
Global Strategic Management Book PDF

Author : Philippe Lasserre,Felipe Monteiro
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 689 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2022-11-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781350932975

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Global Strategic Management by Philippe Lasserre,Felipe Monteiro Pdf

Seamlessly blending academic rigour and practicality, this textbook provides an introduction to global business strategy. Assuming a born global perspective, Global Strategic Management is supported by ample pedagogical features, including numerous case studies and examples featuring both established multinationals and unknown SMEs from across the globe. The book takes an applied approach to global business strategy, emphasising functional parts of international business (managing marketing, operations, HR and finance). The text has been widely updated to incorporate the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic, such as work from anywhere and deglobalization. New to this fifth edition is increased material on sustainability and corporate social responsibility, including discussion of climate change, NGOs and sustainable development goals. Subjects such as the impact of technology, cryptocurrency and global strategy in the digital space are discussed in more detail, while the conflict in Ukraine is also considered.

Framework for Equitable Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccine

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Equitable Allocation of Vaccine for the Novel Coronavirus
Framework for Equitable Allocation of COVID 19 Vaccine Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Equitable Allocation of Vaccine for the Novel Coronavirus
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2020-11-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309682244

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Framework for Equitable Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccine by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Equitable Allocation of Vaccine for the Novel Coronavirus Pdf

In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the societal disruption it has brought, national governments and the international community have invested billions of dollars and immense amounts of human resources to develop a safe and effective vaccine in an unprecedented time frame. Vaccination against this novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), offers the possibility of significantly reducing severe morbidity and mortality and transmission when deployed alongside other public health strategies and improved therapies. Health equity is intertwined with the impact of COVID-19 and there are certain populations that are at increased risk of severe illness or death from COVID-19. In the United States and worldwide, the pandemic is having a disproportionate impact on people who are already disadvantaged by virtue of their race and ethnicity, age, health status, residence, occupation, socioeconomic condition, or other contributing factors. Framework for Equitable Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccine offers an overarching framework for vaccine allocation to assist policy makers in the domestic and global health communities. Built on widely accepted foundational principles and recognizing the distinctive characteristics of COVID-19, this report's recommendations address the commitments needed to implement equitable allocation policies for COVID-19 vaccine.