A History Of Pesticides

Author : Graham A Matthews
Publisher : CABI
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2018-09-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781786394873

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A History of Pesticides by Graham A Matthews Pdf

In this fascinating book, Graham Matthews takes the reader through the history of the development and use of chemicals for control of pests, weeds, and vectors of disease. Prior to 1900 only a few chemicals had been employed as pesticides but in the early 1940s, as the Second World War raged, the insecticide DDT and the herbicide 2-4-D were developed. These changed everything. Since then, farmers have been using a growing list of insecticides, herbicides and fungicides to protect their crops. Their use has undoubtedly led to significant gains in agricultural production and reduction in disease transmission, but also to major problems: health concerns for both users of pesticides and the general public, the emergence of resistance in pest populations, and environmental problems. The book examines the development of legislation designed to control and restrict the use of pesticides, the emergence of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and the use of biological control agents as part of policy to protect the environment and encourage the sustainable use of pesticides. Finally, the use of new technologies in pest control are discussed including the use of genetic modification, targeted pesticide application and use of drones, alongside basic requirements for IPM such as crop rotations, close seasons and adoption of plant varieties with resistance to pests and diseases.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1993-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309048750

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Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children Pdf

Many of the pesticides applied to food crops in this country are present in foods and may pose risks to human health. Current regulations are intended to protect the health of the general population by controlling pesticide use. This book explores whether the present regulatory approaches adequately protect infants and children, who may differ from adults in susceptibility and in dietary exposures to pesticide residues. The committee focuses on four major areas: Susceptibility: Are children more susceptible or less susceptible than adults to the effects of dietary exposure to pesticides? Exposure: What foods do infants and children eat, and which pesticides and how much of them are present in those foods? Is the current information on consumption and residues adequate to estimate exposure? Toxicity: Are toxicity tests in laboratory animals adequate to predict toxicity in human infants and children? Do the extent and type of toxicity of some chemicals vary by species and by age? Assessing risk: How is dietary exposure to pesticide residues associated with response? How can laboratory data on lifetime exposures of animals be used to derive meaningful estimates of risk to children? Does risk accumulate more rapidly during the early years of life? This book will be of interest to policymakers, administrators of research in the public and private sectors, toxicologists, pediatricians and other health professionals, and the pesticide industry.

Author : Frederick Rowe Davis
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2014-11-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780300210378

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Banned by Frederick Rowe Davis Pdf

Rachel Carson’s eloquent book Silent Spring stands as one of the most important books of the twentieth century and inspired important and long-lasting changes in environmental science and government policy. Frederick Rowe Davis thoughtfully sets Carson’s study in the context of the twentieth century, reconsiders her achievement, and analyzes its legacy in light of toxic chemical use and regulation today. Davis examines the history of pesticide development alongside the evolution of the science of toxicology and tracks legislation governing exposure to chemicals across the twentieth century. He affirms the brilliance of Carson’s careful scientific interpretations drawing on data from university and government toxicologists. Although Silent Spring instigated legislation that successfully terminated DDT use, other warnings were ignored. Ironically, we replaced one poison with even more toxic ones. Davis concludes that we urgently need new thinking about how we evaluate and regulate pesticides in accounting for their ecological and human toll.

Author : G. A. Matthews
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 1786849739

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A History of Pesticides by G. A. Matthews Pdf

In this fascinating book, Graham Matthews takes the reader through the history of the development and use of chemicals for control of pests, weeds, and vectors of disease.

Author : National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on the Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2000-11-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309172943

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The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture by National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on the Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture Pdf

Although chemical pesticides safeguard crops and improve farm productivity, they are increasingly feared for their potentially dangerous residues and their effects on ecosystems. The Future Role of Pesticides explores the role of chemical pesticides in the decade ahead and identifies the most promising opportunities for increasing the benefits and reducing the risks of pesticide use. The committee recommends R&D, program, and policy initiatives for federal agriculture authorities and other stakeholders in the public and private sectors. This book presents clear overviews of key factors in chemical pesticide use, including: Advances in genetic engineering not only of pest-resistant crops but also of pests themselves. Problems in pesticide useâ€"concerns about the health of agricultural workers, the ability of pests to develop resistance, issues of public perception, and more. Impending shifts in agricultureâ€"globalization of the economy, biological "invasions" of organisms, rising sensitivity toward cross-border environmental issues, and other trends. With a model and working examples, this book offers guidance on how to assess various pest control strategies available to today's agriculturist.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2024-06-17
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 178639488X

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A History of Pesticides by Anonim Pdf

Author : David Kinkela
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2011-11-07
Category : History
ISBN : 0807869309

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DDT and the American Century by David Kinkela Pdf

Praised for its ability to kill insects effectively and cheaply and reviled as an ecological hazard, DDT continues to engender passion across the political spectrum as one of the world's most controversial chemical pesticides. In DDT and the American Century, David Kinkela chronicles the use of DDT around the world from 1941 to the present with a particular focus on the United States, which has played a critical role in encouraging the global use of the pesticide. Kinkela's study offers a unique approach to understanding both this contentious chemical and modern environmentalism in an international context.

Author : David D. Vail
Publisher : University of Alabama Press
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : History
ISBN : 9780817319731

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Chemical Lands by David D. Vail Pdf

An exploration of the elaborate relationship between farmers, aerial sprayers, agriculturalists, crop pests, chemicals, and the environment. The controversies in the 1960s and 1970s that swirled around indiscriminate use of agricultural chemicals—their long-term ecological harm versus food production benefits—were sparked and clarified by biologist Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring (1962). This seminal publication challenged long-held assumptions concerning the industrial might of American agriculture while sounding an alarm for the damaging persistence of pesticides, especially chlorinated hydrocarbons such as DDT, in the larger environment. In Chemical Lands: Pesticides, Aerial Spraying, and Health in North America’s Grasslands since 1945 David D. Vail shows, however, that a distinctly regional view of agricultural health evolved. His analysis reveals a particularly strong ethic in the North American grasslands where practitioners sought to understand and deploy insecticides and herbicides by designing local scientific experiments, engineering more precise aircraft sprayers, developing more narrowly specific chemicals, and planting targeted test crops. Their efforts to link the science of toxicology with environmental health reveal how the practitioners of pesticides evaluated potential hazards in the agricultural landscape while recognizing the production benefits of controlled spraying. Chemical Lands adds to a growing list of books on toxins in the American landscape. This study provides a unique Grasslands perspective of the Ag pilots, weed scientists, and farmers who struggled to navigate novel technologies for spray planes and in the development of new herbicides/insecticides while striving to manage and mitigate threats to human health and the environment.

Author : Graham Matthews
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2008-04-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781405172981

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Pesticides by Graham Matthews Pdf

Over the last five decades pesticides have undoubtedly helped toincrease agricultural production and control vectors of disease,however the environmental impact of long term agro-chemical use hasbeen cause for concern along with the effects on human health. In Pesticides, Graham Matthews begins by looking at thedevelopmental history of pesticides, and how crop protection wasachieved before they were in use, how pesticides are registered foruse and what happens to pesticides in food and the environment.Pesticide application and operator safety is investigated and thefuture of pesticides in light of the development of geneticallymodified crops is explored. Provides commercially important information for theagro-chemical industry Addresses all aspects of public concern relating to humanhealth and the environment, including spray drift, bystander,resident and worker exposure Looks at the future of pesticides in light of the increasingprevalence of genetically modified crops Collecting together the most recent research in the area in asingle volume, this book is a vital resource for agriculturalscientists, agronomists, plant scientists, plant pathologists,entomologists, environmental scientists, public health personnel,toxicologists, crop protection personnel and all those involved inthe agrochemical industry and government pesticide registration andlegislation.

Author : Lucio G. Costa,Corrado L. Galli,Sheldon D. Murphy
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642708985

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Toxicology of Pesticides by Lucio G. Costa,Corrado L. Galli,Sheldon D. Murphy Pdf

The protection of human health and food and fiber resources against the ravages of pests of many sorts is a continuous struggle by all people in the world. The use of chemical pesticides as an aid in this struggle is now also global. These chemicals are deliberately added to the environment for the purpose of killing or injuring some form of life. Because pesticides are generally less selectively toxic than would be desired, non-target species, including humans, must be protected from injury by these chemicals. This can only be achieved by thorough understanding of the comparative toxicology of these compounds, and by minimizing human (and other desirable species) exposure. The latter can only be achieved by sound regulatory policies that utilize scientific principles and data, properly tempered by both gaps in that data and sociologic and economic considerations. This book contains the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Toxicology of Pesticides: Experimental, Clinical and Regulatory Perspectives" held in Riva del Garda on October 6-15, 1986. This NATO-ASI has been promoted by the School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington at Seattle, by the Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milano and by the Giovanni Lorenzini Foundation, and has been sponsored by both the Society of Toxicology (USA) and the Italian Society of Toxicology.

Author : Pete Daniel
Publisher : LSU Press
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2007-04-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780807132456

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Toxic Drift by Pete Daniel Pdf

Following World War II, chemical companies and agricultural experts promoted the use of synthetic chemicals as pesticides on weeds and insects. It was, Pete Daniel points out, a convenient way for companies to apply their wartime research to the domestic market. In Toxic Drift, Daniel documents the particularly disastrous effects this campaign had on the South's public health and environment, exposing the careless mentality that allowed pesticide application to swerve out of control. The quest to destroy pests, Daniel contends, unfortunately outran research on insect resistance, ignored environmental damage, and downplayed the dangers of residue accumulation and threats to fish, wildlife, domestic animals, and humans. Using legal sources, archival records, newspapers, and congressional hearings, Daniel constructs a moving, fact-filled account of the use, abuse, and regulation of pesticides from World War II until 1970.

Author : Rachel Carson
Publisher : Penguin UK
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2020-03-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780141994000

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Silent Spring by Rachel Carson Pdf

Now recognized as one of the most influential books of the twentieth century, Silent Spring exposed the destruction of wildlife through the widespread use of pesticides Rachel Carson's Silent Spring alerted a large audience to the environmental and human dangers of pesticides, spurring revolutionary changes in the laws affecting our air, land, and water. Despite condemnation in the press and heavy-handed attempts by the chemical industry to ban the book, Carson succeeded in creating a new public awareness of the environment which led to changes in government and inspired the ecological movement. It is thanks to this book, and the help of many environmentalists, that harmful pesticides such as DDT were banned from use in the US and countries around the world. This Penguin Modern Classics edition includes an introduction by Lord Shackleton, a preface by World Wildlife Fund founder Julian Huxley, and an afterword by Carson's biographer Linda Lear.

Author : Frank Den Hond,Peter Groenewegen,Nico van Straalen
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2008-04-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780470995440

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Pesticides by Frank Den Hond,Peter Groenewegen,Nico van Straalen Pdf

Despite a history of several decades of pesticide regulation, continuous innovation, and considerable practical experience with using pesticides in agriculture, the environmental impact of pesticide use continues to be of serious concern.

Author : Robert Van Den Bosch
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2023-09-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780520909748

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The Pesticide Conspiracy by Robert Van Den Bosch Pdf

Professor van den Bosch of the University of California was one of the developers of Integrated Pest Management—the use of biological controls, improved pest knowledge and observation, and judicious application of chemicals only when absolutely necessary. His research often suggested that less or no pesticides should be applied, which made him the target of both open and clandestine attack from industry and government figures. In protest, he wrote this passionate account of what Ecology called "the ultimate social disaster of: evolving pesticide-resistant insects, the destruction of their natural predators and parasites, emergent populations of new insect pests, downstream water pollution, atmospheric pollution, the 'accidental' killing of wildlife and people, and the bankruptcies of indigenous and small farmers." As a new Introduction to this edition recounts, some lessening of dangerous overreliance on massive pesticide applications has been achieved since van den Bosch published this book in 1978—partly as a result of its influence. But the structural problems he described remain. The book has thus become a classic, along with Rachel Carson's Silent Spring.

Author : Shannah M Whithaus
Publisher : UCANR Publications
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2016-10-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781601078957

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The Safe and Effective Use of Pesticides, 3rd Edition by Shannah M Whithaus Pdf

The first update to this key reference guide in over 15 years! This revised edition contains a new format making it even easier to study for the DPR exams. In addition to the review questions found at the end of each chapter, this new edition contains knowledge expectations at the beginning of each chapter. These brief statements describe what you are expected to learn after reading that chapter, allowing you to study more effectively for DPR’s pesticide applicator licensing (QAL/QAC) exams. These knowledge expectations are also highlighted in sidebars throughout each chapter, providing a study roadmap so you know which sections of each chapter are most important. Also new: Updated pesticides table to reflect products available in CaliforniaUpdated information on nematodes, vertebrates, and pathogensExpanded information on environmental hazards, expanded information on personal protective equipment including EPA respirator criteriaUp-to-date information on worker protection standardsExpanded information on pesticide resistanceUpdated compliance guidelines for pesticide use reporting as required by California lawA dedicated chapter covering label reading, including an updated label that reflects current regulations The Safe and Effective Use of Pesticides provides detailed information for selecting, using, handling, storing, and disposing of pesticides. It emphasizes worker protection, prevention of groundwater contamination, protection of endangered species and wildlife, and reduction of environmental problems. This is a significant update to the 2nd Edition, so everyone will want to update their reference library with this new edition. The principles described in this volume apply to all areas of pest control, including agricultural, structural, landscape, greenhouse, and public health applications. Volume 1 in the Pesticide Application Compendium. This is recommended study material for all categories of the California Department of Pesticide Regulation’s (DPR) Qualified Pesticide Applicator License (QAL) and Qualified Pesticide Applicator Certificate (QAC) exams.