A Measure Of Fairness

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A Measure of Fairness

Robert Pollin,Mark Brenner,Stephanie Luce,Jeannette Wicks-Lim
A Measure of Fairness Book PDF

Author : Robert Pollin,Mark Brenner,Stephanie Luce,Jeannette Wicks-Lim
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2018-07-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781501729522

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A Measure of Fairness by Robert Pollin,Mark Brenner,Stephanie Luce,Jeannette Wicks-Lim Pdf

In early 2007, there were approximately 140 living wage ordinances in place throughout the United States. Communities around the country frequently debate new proposals of this sort. Additionally, as a result of ballot initiatives, twenty-nine states and the District of Columbia, representing nearly 70 percent of the total U.S. population, maintain minimum wage standards above those set by the federal minimum wage.In A Measure of Fairness, Robert Pollin, Mark Brenner, Jeannette Wicks-Lim, and Stephanie Luce assess how well living wage and minimum wage regulations in the United States serve the workers they are intended to help. Opponents of such measures assert that when faced with mandated increases in labor costs, businesses will either lay off workers, hire fewer low-wage employees in the future, replace low-credentialed workers with those having better qualifications or, finally, even relocate to avoid facing the increased costs being imposed on them.The authors give an overview of living wage and minimum wage implementation in Louisiana, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Massachusetts, and Connecticut to show how these policies play out in the paychecks of workers, in the halls of legislature, and in business ledgers. Based on a decade of research, this volume concludes that living wage laws and minimum wage increases have been effective policy interventions capable of bringing significant, if modest, benefits to the people they were intended to help.

Fairness in Educational Assessment and Measurement

Neil J. Dorans,Linda L. Cook
Fairness in Educational Assessment and Measurement Book PDF

Author : Neil J. Dorans,Linda L. Cook
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2016-09-19
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781317684671

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Fairness in Educational Assessment and Measurement by Neil J. Dorans,Linda L. Cook Pdf

The importance of fairness, validity, and accessibility in assessment is greater than ever as testing expands to include more diverse populations, more complex purposes, and more sophisticated technologies. This book offers a detailed account of fairness in assessment, and illustrates the interplay between assessment and broader changes in education. In 16 chapters written by leading experts, this volume explores the philosophical, technical, and practical questions surrounding fair measurement. Fairness in Educational Assessment and Measurement addresses issues pertaining to the construction, administration, and scoring of tests, the comparison of performance across test takers, grade levels and tests, and the uses of educational test scores. Perfect for researchers and professionals in test development, design, and administration, Fairness in Educational Assessment and Measurement presents a diverse array of perspectives on this topic of enduring interest. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Measuring and Managing Information Risk

Jack Freund,Jack Jones
Measuring and Managing Information Risk Book PDF

Author : Jack Freund,Jack Jones
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2014-08-23
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780127999326

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Measuring and Managing Information Risk by Jack Freund,Jack Jones Pdf

Using the factor analysis of information risk (FAIR) methodology developed over ten years and adopted by corporations worldwide, Measuring and Managing Information Risk provides a proven and credible framework for understanding, measuring, and analyzing information risk of any size or complexity. Intended for organizations that need to either build a risk management program from the ground up or strengthen an existing one, this book provides a unique and fresh perspective on how to do a basic quantitative risk analysis. Covering such key areas as risk theory, risk calculation, scenario modeling, and communicating risk within the organization, Measuring and Managing Information Risk helps managers make better business decisions by understanding their organizational risk. Uses factor analysis of information risk (FAIR) as a methodology for measuring and managing risk in any organization. Carefully balances theory with practical applicability and relevant stories of successful implementation. Includes examples from a wide variety of businesses and situations presented in an accessible writing style.

A Theory of Fairness and Social Welfare

Marc Fleurbaey,François Maniquet
A Theory of Fairness and Social Welfare Book PDF

Author : Marc Fleurbaey,François Maniquet
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2011-06-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781139498777

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A Theory of Fairness and Social Welfare by Marc Fleurbaey,François Maniquet Pdf

The definition and measurement of social welfare have been a vexed issue for the past century. This book makes a constructive, easily applicable proposal and suggests how to evaluate the economic situation of a society in a way that gives priority to the worse-off and that respects each individual's preferences over his or her own consumption, work, leisure and so on. This approach resonates with the current concern to go 'beyond the GDP' in the measurement of social progress. Compared to technical studies in welfare economics, this book emphasizes constructive results rather than paradoxes and impossibilities, and shows how one can start from basic principles of efficiency and fairness and end up with concrete evaluations of policies. Compared to more philosophical treatments of social justice, this book is more precise about the definition of social welfare and reaches conclusions about concrete policies and institutions only after a rigorous derivation from clearly stated principles.

Fairness

Nicholas Rescher
Fairness Book PDF

Author : Nicholas Rescher
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 155 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2018-02-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351324908

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Fairness by Nicholas Rescher Pdf

In theory and practice, the notion of fairness is far from simple. The principle is often elusive and subject to confusion, even in institutions of law, usage, and custom. In Fairness, Nicholas Rescher aims to liberate this concept from misunderstandings by showing how its definitive characteristics prevent it from being absorbed by such related conceptions as paternalistic benevolence, radical egalitarianism, and social harmonization. Rescher demonstrates that equality before the state is an instrument of justice, not of social utility or public welfare, and argues that the notion of fairness stops well short of a literal egalitarianism. Rescher disposes of the confusions arising from economists' penchant to focus on individual preferences, from decision theorists' concern for averting envy, and from political theorists' sympathy for egalitarianism. In their place he shows how the idea of distributive equity forms the core of the concept of fairness in matters of distributive justice. The coordination of shares with valid claims is the crux of the concept of fairness. In Rescher's view, this means that the pursuit of fairness requires objective rather than subjective evaluation of the goods being shared. This is something quite different from subjective equity based on the personal evaluation of goods by those laying claim to them. Insofar as subjective equity is a concern, the appropriate procedure for its realization is a process of maximum value distribution. Further, Rescher demonstrates that in matters of distributive justice, the distinction between new ownership and preexisting ownership is pivotal and calls for proceeding on very different principles depending on the case. How one should proceed depends on context, and what is adjudged fair is pragmatic, in that there are different requirements for effectiveness in achieving the aims and purposes of the sort of distribution that is intended. Rescher concludes that fairness is a fundamentally ethical concept. Its distinctive modus operandi contrasts sharply with the aims of paternalism, preference-maximizing, or economic advantage. Fairness will be of interest to philosophers, economists, and political scientists.

The Oxford Handbook of Justice in the Workplace

Russell Cropanzano,Maureen L. Ambrose
The Oxford Handbook of Justice in the Workplace Book PDF

Author : Russell Cropanzano,Maureen L. Ambrose
Publisher : Oxford Library of Psychology
Page : 697 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780199981410

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The Oxford Handbook of Justice in the Workplace by Russell Cropanzano,Maureen L. Ambrose Pdf

Justice is everyone's concern. It plays a critical role in organizational success and promotes the quality of employees' working lives. For these reasons, understanding the nature of justice has become a prominent goal among scholars of organizational behavior. As research in organizational justice has proliferated, a need has emerged for scholars to integrate literature across disciplines. Offering the most thorough discussion of organizational justice currently available, The Oxford Handbook of Justice in the Workplace provides a comprehensive review of empirical and conceptual research addressing this vital topic. Reflecting this dynamic and expanding area of research, chapters provide cutting-edge reviews of selection, performance management, conflict resolution, diversity management, organizational climate, and other topics integral for promoting organizational success. Additionally, the book explores major conceptual issues such as interpersonal interaction, emotion, the structure of justice, the motivation for fairness, and cross-cultural considerations in fairness perceptions. The reader will find thorough discussions of legal issues, philosophical concerns, and human decision-making, all of which make this the standard reference book for both established scholars and emerging researchers.

On Fairness

Craig L. Carr
On Fairness Book PDF

Author : Craig L. Carr
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2017-11-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351777728

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On Fairness by Craig L. Carr Pdf

This title was first published in 2000: A systematic analysis of the concept of fairness as a moral notion. The work critically examines and rejects several familiar accounts of fairness - fairness as equality of treatment, as not taking advantage of another, as adherence to rule, and as respect for others - the author proposes an alternative account of fairness as fidelity to social practice. Drawing on examples from a variety of social practices, ranging from the requirement to do one's fair share to the fairness of lotteries and bargaining, this book outlines a new moral theory of fairness and offers insight into the various roles fairness considerations play in our lives and their limitations. Reflecting on the place of fairness and fair mindedness in moral, social, and political thought, this book will be of interest to moral, social and political philosophers as well as those in related areas such as political science and sociology.

Fairness, Justice and Language Assessment

Tim McNamara,Ute Knoch
Fairness Justice and Language Assessment Book PDF

Author : Tim McNamara,Ute Knoch
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2019-02-21
Category : Study Aids
ISBN : 9780194016940

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Fairness, Justice and Language Assessment by Tim McNamara,Ute Knoch Pdf

This book has two goals, each related to the validity of language assessment. The first goal is to explore the difference between fairness and justice in language assessment. The authors distinguish internal and external dimensions of the equitable and just treatment of individuals taking language tests which are used as gatekeeping devices to determine access to education and employment, immigrant status, citizenship, and other rights. The second goal is to show how the extent of test fairness can be demonstrated and improved using the tools of psychometrics, in particular the models collectively known as Rasch measurement. “This book will have an enormous impact on the field of language assessment. Using Rasch analysis models to explore and identify sources of unfairness, the authors make a compelling case for fairness in the design and implementation of language assessment instruments and for justice in the interpretation and use of test results. A real strength of the book is that it guides readers through analytical techniques in an accessible way.” Dan Douglas, Professor Emeritus, Applied Linguistics Program, Iowa State University.

Fairness, Responsibility, and Welfare

Marc Fleurbaey
Fairness Responsibility and Welfare Book PDF

Author : Marc Fleurbaey
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2008-06-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780199215911

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Fairness, Responsibility, and Welfare by Marc Fleurbaey Pdf

Develops a theory of fairness incorporating a concern for personal responsibility, opportunities and freedom, and makes accessible the recent developments in economics and philosophy that define social justice in terms of equal opportunities.

Practical Fairness

Aileen Nielsen
Practical Fairness Book PDF

Author : Aileen Nielsen
Publisher : O'Reilly Media
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2020-12-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781492075707

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Practical Fairness by Aileen Nielsen Pdf

Fairness is an increasingly important topic as machine learning and AI more generally take over the world. While this is an active area of research, many realistic best practices are emerging at all steps along the data pipeline, from data selection and preprocessing to blackbox model audits. This book will guide you through the technical, legal, and ethical aspects of making your code fair and secure while highlighting cutting edge academic research and ongoing legal developments related to fairness and algorithms. There is mounting evidence that the widespread deployment of machine learning and artificial intelligence in business and government is reproducing the same biases we are trying to fight in the real world. For this reason, fairness is an increasingly important consideration for the data scientist. Yet discussions of what fairness means in terms of actual code are few and far between. This code will show you how to code fairly as well as cover basic concerns related to data security and privacy from a fairness perspective.

Handbook on Management and Employment Practices

Paula Brough,Elliroma Gardiner,Kevin Daniels
Handbook on Management and Employment Practices Book PDF

Author : Paula Brough,Elliroma Gardiner,Kevin Daniels
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2022-03-02
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 3030290115

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Handbook on Management and Employment Practices by Paula Brough,Elliroma Gardiner,Kevin Daniels Pdf

This handbook focuses on the contribution of management and employment practices to the health and wellbeing of workers. It provides readers with a comprehensive oversight of the latest research and thinking on these issues, with content provided by leading researchers in each of the fields covered. This reference work is divided into six sections that cover leadership, change management, human resource management practices, managing disabilities, work-life interfaces, and emerging challenges. The topics covered represent an interdisciplinary perspective, integrating psychology, social sciences, biomedical sciences, economics, employment relations and management. Through a spectrum of chapters this volume provides the best available scientific evidence to professionals and stakeholders on the interplay between management practices, health and wellbeing.

AI and Machine Learning for Coders

Laurence Moroney
AI and Machine Learning for Coders Book PDF

Author : Laurence Moroney
Publisher : O'Reilly Media
Page : 393 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2020-10-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781492078166

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AI and Machine Learning for Coders by Laurence Moroney Pdf

If you're looking to make a career move from programmer to AI specialist, this is the ideal place to start. Based on Laurence Moroney's extremely successful AI courses, this introductory book provides a hands-on, code-first approach to help you build confidence while you learn key topics. You'll understand how to implement the most common scenarios in machine learning, such as computer vision, natural language processing (NLP), and sequence modeling for web, mobile, cloud, and embedded runtimes. Most books on machine learning begin with a daunting amount of advanced math. This guide is built on practical lessons that let you work directly with the code. You'll learn: How to build models with TensorFlow using skills that employers desire The basics of machine learning by working with code samples How to implement computer vision, including feature detection in images How to use NLP to tokenize and sequence words and sentences Methods for embedding models in Android and iOS How to serve models over the web and in the cloud with TensorFlow Serving

The Economics of Fairness

Alexander W. Cappelen,Bertil Tungodden
The Economics of Fairness Book PDF

Author : Alexander W. Cappelen,Bertil Tungodden
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Economics
ISBN : 1848443250

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The Economics of Fairness by Alexander W. Cappelen,Bertil Tungodden Pdf

A growing literature in economics has studied how fairness considerations shape human behavior. This research collection comprises forty key theoretical and empirical contributions spanning the last four decades, along with influential related work in normative economics. These papers show that the fairness motive is essential for understanding human behavior in a wide range of settings, such as markets, bargaining, and redistributive situations. They document large heterogeneity in what people view as fair and the importance people attach to fairness, displaying how a concern for fairness develops in childhood and manifests itself in the brain. Together with an original introduction by the editors, this volume will be a valuable research tool for those interested in the fascinating field of the economics of fairness.

The Imperative of Integration

Elizabeth Anderson
The Imperative of Integration Book PDF

Author : Elizabeth Anderson
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780691158112

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The Imperative of Integration by Elizabeth Anderson Pdf

A powerful new argument for reviving the ideal of racial integration More than forty years have passed since Congress, in response to the Civil Rights Movement, enacted sweeping antidiscrimination laws in the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968. As a signal achievement of that legacy, in 2008, Americans elected their first African American president. Some would argue that we have finally arrived at a postracial America, but The Imperative of Integration indicates otherwise. Elizabeth Anderson demonstrates that, despite progress toward racial equality, African Americans remain disadvantaged on virtually all measures of well-being. Segregation remains a key cause of these problems, and Anderson skillfully shows why racial integration is needed to address these issues. Weaving together extensive social science findings—in economics, sociology, and psychology—with political theory, this book provides a compelling argument for reviving the ideal of racial integration to overcome injustice and inequality, and to build a better democracy. Considering the effects of segregation and integration across multiple social arenas, Anderson exposes the deficiencies of racial views on both the right and the left. She reveals the limitations of conservative explanations for black disadvantage in terms of cultural pathology within the black community and explains why color blindness is morally misguided. Multicultural celebrations of group differences are also not enough to solve our racial problems. Anderson provides a distinctive rationale for affirmative action as a tool for promoting integration, and explores how integration can be practiced beyond affirmative action. Offering an expansive model for practicing political philosophy in close collaboration with the social sciences, this book is a trenchant examination of how racial integration can lead to a more robust and responsive democracy.

Being Fair

Mary Small
Being Fair Book PDF

Author : Mary Small
Publisher : Capstone
Page : 14 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2005-09
Category : Fairness
ISBN : 9781404810518

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Being Fair by Mary Small Pdf

Explains what fairness is and ways to be fair.