A Relativistic Treatment Of Atoms And Molecules

Author : Christian Thierfelder
Publisher : Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2010-11
Category : Quantum electrodynamics
ISBN : 3838122135

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A Relativistic Treatment of Atoms and Molecules by Christian Thierfelder Pdf

Relativistic quantum chemistry is the relativistic formulation of quantum mechanics applied to many-electron systems, that is to atoms, molecules and solids. It combines the principles of special relativity, which are obeyed by any fundamental physical theory, with the basic rules of quantum mechanics. By construction, it represents the most fundamental theory of all molecular sciences, which describes matter by the action, interaction and motion of the elementary particles. This science is of vital importance to physicists, chemists, material scientists, and biologists with a molecular view of the world. A full relativistic treatment of atoms and molecules which includes the quantization of the electromagnetic field is currently one of the most challenging tasks in electronic structure theory. Therefore, relativistic effects in atoms and molecules were studied computationally. A combination of wave function and density functional based methods within a correct relativistic framework proved necessary to achieve accurate results of various atomic and molecular properties.

Author : Ian P Grant
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 813 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2007-04-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387350691

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Relativistic Quantum Theory of Atoms and Molecules by Ian P Grant Pdf

This book is intended for physicists and chemists who need to understand the theory of atomic and molecular structure and processes, and who wish to apply the theory to practical problems. As far as practicable, the book provides a self-contained account of the theory of relativistic atomic and molecular structure, based on the accepted formalism of bound-state Quantum Electrodynamics. The author was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1992.

Author : Stephen Wilson,I.P. Grant,B.L. Gyorffy
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461537021

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The Effects of Relativity in Atoms, Molecules, and the Solid State by Stephen Wilson,I.P. Grant,B.L. Gyorffy Pdf

Recent years have seen a growing interest in the effects of relativity in atoms, molecules and solids. On the one hand, this can be seen as result of the growing awareness of the importance of relativity in describing the properties of heavy atoms and systems containing them. This has been fueled by the inadequacy of physical models which either neglect relativity or which treat it as a small perturbation. On the other hand, it is dependent upon the technological developments which have resulted in computers powerful enough to make calculations on heavy atoms and on systems containing heavy atoms meaningful. Vector processing and, more recently, parallel processing techniques are playing an increasingly vital role in rendering the algorithms which arise in relativistic studies tractable. This has been exemplified in atomic structure theory, where the dominant role of the central nuclear charge simplifies the problem enough to permit some prediction to be made with high precision, especially for the highly ionized atoms of importance in plasma physics and in laser confinement studies. Today's sophisticated physical models of the atom derived from quantum electrodynamics would be intractable without recourse to modern computational machinery. Relativistic atomic structure calculations have a history dating from the early attempts of Swirles in the mid 1930's but continue to provide one of the primary test beds of modern theoretical physics.

Author : G.L. Malli
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 539 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461335962

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Relativistic Effects in Atoms, Molecules, and Solids by G.L. Malli Pdf

The NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on "Relativistic Effects in Atoms, Molecules and Solids" cosponsored by Simon Fraser University (SFU) and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) was held at the University of British Columbia (UBC) , Van couver, Canada from August 10th until August 21st, 1981. A total of 77 lecturers and students with diverse backgrounds in Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics and various interdisciplinary subjects attended the ASI. In the proposal submitted to NATO for financial support for this ASI, it was suggested that recent impressive experimental developments coupled with the availability of sophisticated computer technology for detailed investigation of the relativistic structure of atoms, molecules and solids would provide an excellent testing ground for the validity and accuracy of the theoretical treatment of the rela tivistic many-electron systems involving medium and heavy atoms. Such systems are also of interest to the current energy crisis because of their usage for photovoltaic devices, nuclear fuels (UF6), fusion lasers (Xe*2)' catalysts for solar energy conversion, etc.

Author : Pekka Pyykkö
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642933455

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Relativistic Theory of Atoms and Molecules by Pekka Pyykkö Pdf

Author : Pekka Pyykkö
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642514883

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Relativistic Theory of Atoms and Molecules II by Pekka Pyykkö Pdf

Relativistic effects are of major importance for understan- ding the properties of heavier atoms and molecules. This book is still the only comprehensive bibliography on related calculations. The material is organized by subject into ta- bles containing a concise characterization. Together with Volume I (Lecture Notes in Chemistry Vol. 41, ISBN 3-540-17167-3) the literature until 1992 is now covered and 6577 references, with titles, are given in the two books. The book will provide aconvenient reference for theoretical chemists and atomic and molecular physicists interested in the properties of heavier elements. Contents: Introduction - One-particle problems - Quantum electrodynamical effects - Multielectron atoms: methods - Multielectron atoms: results - Symmetry - Molecular calcula- tions - Solid-state theory - Relativistic effects and heavy- element chemistry - Corrections to Volume I - Some comments on notations and terminology - List of acronyms and symbols - Bibliography.

Author : Pekka Pyykkö
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642518850

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Relativistic Theory of Atoms and Molecules III by Pekka Pyykkö Pdf

Relativistic effects are of major importance for understanding the properties of heavier atoms and molecules. Volumes I-III of Relativistic Theory of Atoms and Molecules constitute the only available bibliography on related calculations. In Volume III, 3792 new references covering 1993-1999 are added to the database. The material is characterized by an analysis of the respective papers. The volume gives the user a comprehensive bibliography on relativistic atomic and molecular calculations, including studies on the Dirac equation and related solid-state work.

Author : Stephen Wilson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461307112

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Methods in Computational Chemistry by Stephen Wilson Pdf

Thisvolume isdevotedtomethodsfor thestudyoftheeffectsofrelativity on theelectronicstructure ofatomsand molecules. The accurate descrip tionofrelativisticeffectsinheavyatomshaslongbeenrecognizedasoneof the central problems ofatomic physics. Contemporary relativistic atomic structure calculations can be performed almost routinely. Recent years have seen agrowinginterestin thestudyoftheeffects ofrelativityon the structureofmolecules. Even for molecularsystemscontainingatoms from thesecondrowoftheperiodictable theenergyassociatedwith relativistic effects is often larger than that arising from electron correlation. For moleculescontainingheavieratoms relativistic effects become increasingly important, andforsystemscontainingveryheavyatomsrelativityisknown todominatemanychemicalproperties. In this volum, one of the pioneers of relativistic atomic structure calculations, Ian P. Grant, providesadetailedsurveyofthecomputational techniquesemployedincontemporarystudiesoftheeffectsofrelativityon atomicstructure. Thisisanareaofresearchinwhichcalculationscanoften lead to a particularly impressive degreeofagreement between theoryand experiment. Furthermore, theseatomicstudies haveprovided manyofthe foundations of a fully relativistic quantum chemistry. However, the spherical symmetry ofatoms allows significantsimplificationsto bemade in their quantum mechanical treatment, simplifications which are not possibleinstudiesofmolecules. Inparticular, as is wellknown from non relativistictheoriesofmolecularelectronicstructure, itisalmostobligatory to invoke the algebraic approximation in molecular work and use finite basis set expansions. The problem of describing relativistic effects in molecules is addressed in Chapter2 by Stephen Wilson. This chapter is devotedtoab initiorelativisticmolecularstructurecalculationsinwhichall electrons are explicitly considered. The problem of induding relativistic effects in molecular studies is also addressed in Chapters3 and 4. In Chapter 3, Odd Gropen describes the use of relativistic effective core ix x Preface potentials in calculations on molecular systems involving heavy atoms. This approach can lead to more tractable algorithms than the methods described in Chapter2 and thus significantly extends the range of applications. The use of semiempirical methods has yielded a wealth of informationabouttheinfluenceofrelativityonthechemistryoftheheavier elements. Thisimportantarea is reviewed inChapter4 by Pekka Pyykk6. Finally, inChapter5, Harry M."

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 805 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2004-03-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080540474

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Relativistic Electronic Structure Theory by Anonim Pdf

The field of relativistic electronic structure theory is generally not part of theoretical chemistry education, and is therefore not covered in most quantum chemistry textbooks. This is due to the fact that only in the last two decades have we learned about the importance of relativistic effects in the chemistry of heavy and superheavy elements. Developments in computer hardware together with sophisticated computer algorithms make it now possible to perform four-component relativistic calculations for larger molecules. Two-component and scalar all-electron relativistic schemes are also becoming part of standard ab-initio and density functional program packages for molecules and the solid state. The second volume of this two-part book series is therefore devoted to applications in this area of quantum chemistry and physics of atoms, molecules and the solid state. Part 1 was devoted to fundamental aspects of relativistic electronic structure theory whereas Part 2 covers more of the applications side. This volume opens with a section on the Chemistry of the Superheavy Elements and contains chapters dealing with Accurate Relativistic Fock-Space Calculations for Many-Electron Atoms, Accurate Relativistic Calculations Including QED, Parity-Violation Effects in Molecules, Accurate Determination of Electric Field Gradients for Heavy Atoms and Molecules, Two-Component Relativistic Effective Core Potential Calculations for Molecules, Relativistic Ab-Initio Model Potential Calculations for Molecules and Embedded Clusters, Relativistic Pseudopotential Calculations for Electronic Excited States, Relativistic Effects on NMR Chemical Shifts, Relativistic Density Functional Calculations on Small Molecules, Quantum Chemistry with the Douglas-Kroll-Hess Approach to Relativistic Density Functional Theory, and Relativistic Solid State Calculations. - Comprehensive publication which focuses on new developments in relativistic quantum electronic structure theory- Many leaders from the field of theoretical chemistry have contributed to the TCC series- Will no doubt become a standard text for scientists in this field.

Author : Markus Reiher,Alexander Wolf
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 692 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2009-05-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527627493

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Relativistic Quantum Chemistry by Markus Reiher,Alexander Wolf Pdf

Written by two researchers in the field, this book is a reference to explain the principles and fundamentals in a self-contained, complete and consistent way. Much attention is paid to the didactical value, with the chapters interconnected and based on each other. From the contents: * Fundamentals * Relativistic Theory of a Free Electron: Diracï¿1⁄2s Equation * Dirac Theory of a Single Electron in a Central Potential * Many-Electron Theory I: Quantum Electrodynamics * Many-Electron Theory II: Dirac-Hartree-Fock Theory * Elimination of the Small Component * Unitary Transformation Schemes * Relativistic Density Functional Theory * Physical Observables and Molecular Properties * Interpretive Approach to Relativistic Quantum Chemistry From beginning to end, the authors deduce all the concepts and rules, such that readers are able to understand the fundamentals and principles behind the theory. Essential reading for theoretical chemists and physicists.

Author : Kenneth G. Dyall,Knut Faegri Jr.
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 544 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2007-04-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780190286378

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Introduction to Relativistic Quantum Chemistry by Kenneth G. Dyall,Knut Faegri Jr. Pdf

This book provides an introduction to the essentials of relativistic effects in quantum chemistry, and a reference work that collects all the major developments in this field. It is designed for the graduate student and the computational chemist with a good background in nonrelativistic theory. In addition to explaining the necessary theory in detail, at a level that the non-expert and the student should readily be able to follow, the book discusses the implementation of the theory and practicalities of its use in calculations. After a brief introduction to classical relativity and electromagnetism, the Dirac equation is presented, and its symmetry, atomic solutions, and interpretation are explored. Four-component molecular methods are then developed: self-consistent field theory and the use of basis sets, double-group and time-reversal symmetry, correlation methods, molecular properties, and an overview of relativistic density functional theory. The emphases in this section are on the basics of relativistic theory and how relativistic theory differs from nonrelativistic theory. Approximate methods are treated next, starting with spin separation in the Dirac equation, and proceeding to the Foldy-Wouthuysen, Douglas-Kroll, and related transformations, Breit-Pauli and direct perturbation theory, regular approximations, matrix approximations, and pseudopotential and model potential methods. For each of these approximations, one-electron operators and many-electron methods are developed, spin-free and spin-orbit operators are presented, and the calculation of electric and magnetic properties is discussed. The treatment of spin-orbit effects with correlation rounds off the presentation of approximate methods. The book concludes with a discussion of the qualitative changes in the picture of structure and bonding that arise from the inclusion of relativity.

Author : G L Malli
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 556 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1983-04-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1461335973

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Relativistic Effects in Atoms, Molecules, and Solids by G L Malli Pdf

Author : G.L. Malli
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 478 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2013-11-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781489913401

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Relativistic and Electron Correlation Effects in Molecules and Solids by G.L. Malli Pdf

The NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on "R@lativistic and Electron Correlation Effects in Molecules and Solids", co-sponsored by Simon Fraser University (SFU) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) was held Aug 10- 21, 1992 at the University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada. A total of 90 lecturers and students with backgrounds in Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics and various interdisciplinary subjects attended the ASI. In my proposal submitted to NATO for financial support for this ASI, I pointed out that a NATO ASI on the effects of relativity in many-electron systems was held ten years ago, [See G.L. Malli, (ed) Relativistic Effects in Atoms, Molecules and Solids, Plenum Press, Vol B87, New York, 1983]. Moreover, at a NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on advanced methods for molecular electronic structure "an assessment of state-of the-art of Electron Correlation ... " was carried out [see C.E. Dykstra, (ed), Advanced Theories and Computational Approaches to the Electronic Structure of Molecules, D. Reidel Publishin~ Company, Vol C133, Dordrecht, The Netherlands 1984]. However, during the last five years, it has become clear that the relativistic and electron correlation effects must be included in the theoretical treatment of many-electron molecules and solids of heavy elements (with Z > 70). Molecules and clusters containing heavy elements are of crucial importance in a number of areas of Chemistry and Physics such as nuclear fuels, catalysis, surface science, etc.

Author : Kimihiko Hirao
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 343 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789812794901

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Recent Advances in Relativistic Molecular Theory by Kimihiko Hirao Pdf

Relativistic effects, though minor in light atoms, increase rapidly in magnitude as the atomic number increases. For heavy atom species, it becomes necessary to discard the SchrAdinger equation in favor of the Dirac equation. Construction of an effective many-body Hamiltonian that accurately accounts for both relativistic and electron correlation effects in many-electron systems is a challenge. It is only in the past 20OCo25 years that relativistic quantum chemistry has emerged as a field of research in its own right, and it seems certain that relativistic many-electron calculations of molecular properties will assume increasing importance in the years ahead as relativistic quantum chemistry finds a wider range of applications.With the increasing use of relativistic quantum chemical techniques in chemistry, there is an obvious need to provide experts' reviews of the methods and algorithms. This volume aims to disseminate aspects of relativistic many-electron theories and their exciting developments by practitioners. Together, the nine chapters provide an in-depth account of the most important topics of contemporary research in relativistic quantum chemistry, ranging from quasirelativistic effective core potential methods to relativistic coupled cluster theory."

Author : Kimihiko Hirao,Yasuyuki Ishikawa
Publisher : World Scientific Publishing Company Incorporated
Page : 327 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9812387099

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Recent Advances in Relativistic Molecular Theory by Kimihiko Hirao,Yasuyuki Ishikawa Pdf

Relativistic effects, though minor in light atoms, increase rapidly in magnitude as the atomic number increases. For heavy atom species, it becomes necessary to discard the Schrodinger equation in favor of the Dirac equation. Construction of an effective many-body Hamiltonian that accurately accounts for both relativistic and electron correlation effects in many-electron systems is a challenge. It is only in the past 20-25 years that relativistic quantum chemistry has emerged as a field of research in its own right, and it seems certain that relativistic many-electron calculations of molecular properties will assume increasing importance in the years ahead as relativistic quantum chemistry finds a wider range of applications. With the increasing use of relativistic quantum chemical techniques in chemistry, there is an obvious need to provide experts' reviews of the methods and algorithms. This volume aims to disseminate aspects of relativistic many-electron theories and their exciting developments by practitioners. Together, the nine chapters provide an in-depth account of the most important topics of contemporary research in relativistic quantum chemistry, ranging from quasirelativistic effective core potential methods to relativistic coupled cluster theory.