A Unifying Field In Logics Neutrosophic Logic Neutrosophy Neutrosophic Set Neutrosophic Probability Fourth Edition

Author : Florentin Smarandache
Publisher : Infinite Study
Page : 157 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781599730806

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A Unifying Field in Logics: Neutrosophic Logic. Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability (fourth edition) by Florentin Smarandache Pdf

N-Norm and N-conorm are extended in Neutrosophic Logic/Set.

Author : Florentin Smarandache
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2024-06-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1403282847

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A Unifying Field in Logics by Florentin Smarandache Pdf

Author : Florentin Smarandache,Maissam Ahmad Jdid
Publisher : Infinite Study
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2023-08-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Research on the topics of neutrosophic operations research by Florentin Smarandache,Maissam Ahmad Jdid Pdf

In this volume, we present a set of research that was published in cooperation with a number of researchers and those interested in keeping pace with the great scientific development that our contemporary world is witnessing, and one of its products was neutrosophic science, which was founded by the American scientist and mathematical philosopher Florentin Smarandache in 1995. Through it, we present a new vision for some research methods. Operations research to the concepts of this science.

Author : Florentin Smarandache
Publisher : Infinite Study
Page : 142 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781599732534

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Introduction to Neutrosophic Measure, Neutrosophic Integral, and Neutrosophic Probability by Florentin Smarandache Pdf

In this book, we introduce for the first time the notions of neutrosophic measure and neutrosophic integral, and we develop the 1995 notion of neutrosophic probability. We present many practical examples. It is possible to define the neutrosophic measure and consequently the neutrosophic integral and neutrosophic probability in many ways, because there are various types of indeterminacies, depending on the problem we need to solve. Neutrosophics study the indeterminacy. Indeterminacy is different from randomness. It can be caused by physical space materials and type of construction, by items involved in the space, etc.

Author : J. J. Peng ,J. Q. Wang,E. Marei,S. Kar ,S. Mukherjee, K. Basu,I. M. Hezam, M. Abdel-Baset , F. Smarandache,S. Pramanik,A. Ionescu
Publisher : Infinite Study
Page : 109 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, vol. 10/2015 by J. J. Peng ,J. Q. Wang,E. Marei,S. Kar ,S. Mukherjee, K. Basu,I. M. Hezam, M. Abdel-Baset , F. Smarandache,S. Pramanik,A. Ionescu Pdf

“Neutrosophic Sets and Systems” has been created for publications on advanced studies in neutrosophy, neutrosophic set, neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic probability, neutrosophic statistics that started in 1995 and their applications in any field, such as the neutrosophic structures developed in algebra, geometry, topology, etc.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781599733814

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by Anonim Pdf

Author : Florentin Smarandache
Publisher : Infinite Study
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2016-11-12
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781599734682

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The Encyclopedia of Neutrosophic Researchers, Vol. I by Florentin Smarandache Pdf

This is the first volume of the Encyclopedia of Neutrosophic Researchers, edited from materials offered by the authors who responded to the editor’s invitation. The 78 authors are listed alphabetically. The introduction contains a short history of neutrosophics, together with links to the main papers and books. Neutrosophic set, neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic probability, neutrosophic statistics, neutrosophic measure, neutrosophic precalculus, neutrosophic calculus and so on are gaining significant attention in solving many real life problems that involve uncertainty, impreciseness, vagueness, incompleteness, inconsistent, and indeterminacy. In the past years the fields of neutrosophics have been extended and applied in various fields, such as: artificial intelligence, data mining, soft computing, decision making in incomplete / indeterminate / inconsistent information systems, image processing, computational modelling, robotics, medical diagnosis, biomedical engineering, investment problems, economic forecasting, social science, humanistic and practical achievements.

Author : Florentin Smarandache, Mumtaz Ali
Publisher : Infinite Study
Page : 70 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2015-04-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781599733388

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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. VIII by Florentin Smarandache, Mumtaz Ali Pdf

This volume is a collection of ten papers by contributors F. Smarandache, F. Yuhua, K. Mondal, S. Pramanik, S. Broumi, J. Ye, A. A. Salama,, N. Easa, S. A. Elhafez, M. M. Lotfy, L. Kong, Y. Wu, P. Biswas, B. C. Giri, A. Mukkerjee, and S. Sarkar, focusing on a new kind of algebraic structures called (T, I, F)- Neutrosophic Structures; Expanding Uncertainty Principle to Certainty-Uncertainty Principles with Neutrosophy and Quad-stage Methods; Rough Neutrosophic Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Based on Rough Accuracy Score Function; an Extended TOPSIS Method for Multiple Attribute Decision Making based on Interval Neutrosophic Uncertain Linguistic Variable; Review of Recommender Systems Algorithms Utilized in Social Networks based e-Learning Systems & Neutrosophic System; Fault Diagnosis Method of Gasoline Engines Using the Cosine Similarity Measure of Neutrosophic Numbers; Cosine Similarity Measure Based Multi-attribute Decision-making with Trapezoidal Fuzzy Neutrosophic Numbers; Thesis-Antithesis-Neutrothesis, and Neutrosynthesis; Negating Four Color Theorem with Neutrosophy and Quadstage Method; and A new method of measuring similarity between two neutrosophic soft sets and its application in pattern recognition problems.

Author : Florentin Smarandache
Publisher : Infinite Study
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2018-01-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781599735832

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Neutropsychic Personality: A mathematical approach to psychology. Third updated edition by Florentin Smarandache Pdf

Neutropsyche is the psychological theory that studies the soul or spirit using the neutrosophy and neutrosohic theories. In other words: Neutrosophic Psychological Theory. It is based on triadic neutrosophic psychological concepts of the form (, , ). Neutropsychic Personality is a neutrosophic dynamic open psychological system of tendencies to feel, think, and act specific to each individual, based on Neutrosophic Refined Memory: that restructured the division of memory into: consciousness, aconsciousness (which we introduce as a blend of consciousness and unconsciousness), and unconsciousness. Aconscious was further subdivided into preconscious, subconscious, semiconscious = semiunconscious, subunconscious, and preunconscious. In Neutrosophic Psychoanalysis Freud’s „id” (das Es) was renamed „under-ego” for a symmetry connection with „ego” and „super-ego” and a part of his Psychoanalysis wasextended, while other part rejected (Oedipus Complex, sexuality as main factor, static personality after adolescence, etc.).

Author : FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE
Publisher : Infinite Study
Page : 15 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2024-06-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Neutrosophic Probability, Set, And Logic (first version) by FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE Pdf

This project is a part of a National Science Foundation interdisciplinary project proposal. Starting from a new viewpoint in philosophy, the neutrosophy, one extends the classical "probability theory", "fuzzy set" and "fuzzy logic" to , and respectively.

Author : Florentin Smarandache
Publisher : Infinite Study
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2015-10-14
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781599733753

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Symbolic Neutrosophic Theory by Florentin Smarandache Pdf

Symbolic (or Literal) Neutrosophic Theory is referring to the use of abstract symbols (i.e. the letters T, I, F, or their refined indexed letters Tj, Ik, Fl) in neutrosophics. In the first chapter we extend the dialectical triad thesis-antithesis-synthesis (dynamics of and , to get a synthesis) to the neutrosophic tetrad thesis-antithesis-neutrothesis-neutrosynthesis (dynamics of , , and , in order to get a neutrosynthesis). In the second chapter we introduce the neutrosophic system and neutrosophic dynamic system. A neutrosophic system is a quasi- or (t,i,f)–classical system, in the sense that the neutrosophic system deals with quasi-terms/concepts/attributes, etc. [or (t,i,f)-terms/concepts/attributes], which are approximations of the classical terms/concepts/attributes, i.e. they are partially true/membership/probable (t), partially indeterminate (i), and partially false/nonmembership/improbable (f), where t, i, f are subsets of the unitary interval [0, 1]. In the third chapter we introduce for the first time the notions of Neutrosophic Axiom, Neutrosophic Deducibility, Neutrosophic Axiomatic System, Degree of Contradiction (Dissimilarity) of Two Neutrosophic Axioms, etc. The fourth chapter we introduced for the first time a new type of structures, called (t, i, f)-Neutrosophic Structures, presented from a neutrosophic logic perspective, and we showed particular cases of such structures in geometry and in algebra. In any field of knowledge, each structure is composed from two parts: a space, and a set of axioms (or laws) acting (governing) on it. If the space, or at least one of its axioms (laws), has some indeterminacy of the form (t, i, f) ≠ (1, 0, 0), that structure is a (t, i, f)-Neutrosophic Structure. In the fifth chapter we make a short history of: the neutrosophic set, neutrosophic numerical components and neutrosophic literal components, neutrosophic numbers, etc. The aim of this chapter is to construct examples of splitting the literal indeterminacy (I) into literal sub-indeterminacies (I1,I2,…,Ir), and to define a multiplication law of these literal sub-indeterminacies in order to be able to build refined I-neutrosophic algebraic structures. In the sixth chapter we define for the first time three neutrosophic actions and their properties. We then introduce the prevalence order on (T, I, F) with respect to a given neutrosophic operator "o", which may be subjective - as defined by the neutrosophic experts. And the refinement of neutrosophic entities , , and . Then we extend the classical logical operators to neutrosophic literal (symbolic) logical operators and to refined literal (symbolic) logical operators, and we define the refinement neutrosophic literal (symbolic) space. In the seventh chapter we introduce for the first time the neutrosophic quadruple numbers (of the form a+bT+cI+dF) and the refined neutrosophic quadruple numbers. Then we define an absorbance law, based on a prevalence order, both of them in order to multiply the neutrosophic components T, I, F or their sub-components T_j, I_k, F_l and thus to construct the multiplication of neutrosophic quadruple numbers.

Author : Florentin Smarandache
Publisher : Infinite Study
Page : 14 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Neutrosophic Diagram and Neutrosophic Diagram and Classes of Neutrosophic Paradoxes, or To The Outer-Limits of Science by Florentin Smarandache Pdf

These paradoxes are called “neutrosophic” since they are based on indeterminacy (or neutrality, i.e. neither true nor false), which is the third component in neutrosophic logic. We generalize the Venn Diagram to a Neutrosophic Diagram, which deals with vague, inexact, ambiguous, illdefined ideas, statements, notions, entities with unclear borders. We define the neutrosophic truth table and introduce two neutrosophic operators (neuterization and antonymization operators) give many classes of neutrosophic paradoxes.

Author : Florentin Smarandache
Publisher : Infinite Study
Page : 802 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789526734927

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Multispace & Multistructure. Neutrosophic Transdisciplinarity (100 Collected Papers of Science) by Florentin Smarandache Pdf

This is an eclectic tome of 100 papers in various fields of sciences, alphabetically listed, such as: astronomy, biology, calculus, chemistry, computer programming codification, economics and business and politics, education and administration, game theory, geometry, graph theory,information fusion, neutrosophic logic and set, non-Euclidean geometry, number theory, paradoxes, philosophy of science, psychology, quantum physics, scientific research methods, and statistics ¿ containing 800 pages.It was my preoccupation and collaboration as author, co-author, translator, or co-translator, and editor with many scientists from around the world for long time. Many ideas from this book are to be developed and expanded in future explorations.

Author : Florentin Smarandache
Publisher : Infinite Study
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2024-06-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781599733036

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Law of Included Multiple-Middle & Principle of Dynamic Neutrosophic Opposition by Florentin Smarandache Pdf

In this book the author pledges for the generalization of the Lupasco-Nicolescu’s Law of Included Middle [, , and a third value which resolves their contradiction at another level of reality] to the Law of Included Multiple-Middle [, , and , where is split into a multitude of neutralities between and , such as , , etc.]. The value (i.e. neutrality or indeterminacy related to ) actually comprises the included middle value. Further, similarly to the extension from dialectics to neutrosophy, the author extends the Principle of Dynamic Opposition [opposition between and ] to the Principle of Dynamic Neutrosophic Opposition [which means oppositions among , , and ]. Explanation: The following dialogues are a compilation of different dialogues I had – during the years – on neutrosophy and related topics with academic colleagues, mostly by email. As they were non-protocol dialogues, initially not intended for publication, I invented a fictional character (somehow resurrected from Plato’s dialogues), Filokratos, and put in his mouth opinions, ideas, questions, comments expressed by academic fellows, in a collective spirit. Many thanks to all friends and dialogue partners who paid attention to neutrosophy and connected areas.

Author : Ye Yuan,Yan Ren,Xiaodong Liu ,Jing Wang
Publisher : Infinite Study
Page : 11 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-03
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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APPROACH TO IMAGE SEGMENTATION BASED ON INTERVAL NEUTROSOPHIC SET by Ye Yuan,Yan Ren,Xiaodong Liu ,Jing Wang Pdf

As a generalization of the fuzzy set and intuitionistic fuzzy set, the neutrosophic set (NS) have been developed to represent uncertain, imprecise, incomplete and inconsistent information existing in the real world. Now the interval neutrosophic set (INS) which is an expansion of the neutrosophic set have been proposed exactly to address issues with a set of numbers in the real unit interval, not just one speci c number.