A Vicious Cycle How Pandemics Lead To Economic Despair And Social Unrest

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A Vicious Cycle: How Pandemics Lead to Economic Despair and Social Unrest

Tahsin Saadi Sedik,Rui Xu
A Vicious Cycle How Pandemics Lead to Economic Despair and Social Unrest Book PDF

Author : Tahsin Saadi Sedik,Rui Xu
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Page : 22 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2020-10-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1513559168

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A Vicious Cycle: How Pandemics Lead to Economic Despair and Social Unrest by Tahsin Saadi Sedik,Rui Xu Pdf

In this paper we analyze the dynamics among past major pandemics, economic growth, inequality, and social unrest. We provide evidence that past major pandemics, even though much smaller in scale than COVID-19, have led to a significant increase in social unrest by reducing output and increasing inequality. We also find that higher social unrest, in turn, is associated with lower ourput and higher inequality, pointing to a vicious cycle. Our results suggest that without policy measures, the COVID-19 pandemic will likely increase inequality, trigger social unrest, and lower future output in the years to come.

The Post-Pandemic World and Global Politics

A K M Ahsan Ullah,Jannatul Ferdous
The Post Pandemic World and Global Politics Book PDF

Author : A K M Ahsan Ullah,Jannatul Ferdous
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2022-05-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789811919107

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The Post-Pandemic World and Global Politics by A K M Ahsan Ullah,Jannatul Ferdous Pdf

The book examines the impact of COVID-19 on economic and political processes, contending that the global reaction to the pandemic has been the largest failure in scientific policy in a generation. Unlike earlier crises, it has impacted the world's leading economies while also paralyzing international ties, provoking diverse and far-reaching reactions. The authors posit that no effective global response has been launched in response to this global catastrophe. Rather, governments have implemented a variety of policies based on the costs of virus protection against financial closure and isolation. In doing so, there has been a resurgence in nationalism. This book aims to provide comprehensive understanding of how the pandemic has widened political gaps, and demarcates what the long-term consequences might be in terms of policies and economics in the wake of the pandemic. Of interest to scholars in political geography, development studies, international relations, public administration, and health science, this book presents key observations on existing theories of global politics pivoted around the COVID-19 pandemic, and its ramifications on individuals, groups, and ultimately, the nation state.

The Macroeconomic Impact of Social Unrest

Metodij Hadzi-Vaskov,Samuel Pienknagura,Luca Antonio Ricci
The Macroeconomic Impact of Social Unrest Book PDF

Author : Metodij Hadzi-Vaskov,Samuel Pienknagura,Luca Antonio Ricci
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 31 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2021-05-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513582573

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The Macroeconomic Impact of Social Unrest by Metodij Hadzi-Vaskov,Samuel Pienknagura,Luca Antonio Ricci Pdf

This paper explores the macroeconomic impact of social unrest, using a novel index based on news reports. The findings are threefold. First, unrest has an adverse effect on economic activity, with GDP remaining on average 0.2 percentage points below the pre-shock baseline six quarters after a one-standard deviation increase in the unrest index. This is driven by sharp contractions in manufacturing and services (sectoral dimension), and consumption (demand dimension). Second, unrest lowers confidence and raises uncertainty; however, its adverse effect on GDP can be mitigated by strong institutions and by a country’s policy space. Third, an unrest “event”, which is captured by a large change in the unrest index, is associated with a 1 percentage point reduction in GDP six quarters after the event. Impacts differ by type of event: episodes motivated by socio-economic reasons result in sharper GDP contractions compared to those associated with politics/elections, and events triggered by a combination of both factors lead to sharpest contractions. Results are not driven by countries with adverse growth trajectories prior to unrest events or by fiscal consolidations, and are robust to instrumenting via regional unrest.

Pandemics and Automation: Will the Lost Jobs Come Back?

Tahsin Saadi Sedik,Ms.Jiae Yoo
Pandemics and Automation Will the Lost Jobs Come Back Book PDF

Author : Tahsin Saadi Sedik,Ms.Jiae Yoo
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 26 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2021-01-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781513566849

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Pandemics and Automation: Will the Lost Jobs Come Back? by Tahsin Saadi Sedik,Ms.Jiae Yoo Pdf

COVID-19 has exacerbated concerns about the rise of the robots and other automation technologies. This paper analyzes empirically the impact of past major pandemics on robot adoption and inequality. First, we find that pandemic events accelerate robot adoption, especially when the health impact is severe and is associated with a significant economic downturn. Second, while robots may raise productivity, they could also increase inequality by displacing low-skilled workers. We find that following a pandemic, the increase in inequality over the medium term is larger for economies with higher robot density and where new robot adoption has increased more. Our results suggest that the concerns about the rise of the robots amid the COVID-19 pandemic seem justified.

Emerging European Economies after the Pandemic

László Mátyás
Emerging European Economies after the Pandemic Book PDF

Author : László Mátyás
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 610 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2022-03-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783030939632

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Emerging European Economies after the Pandemic by László Mátyás Pdf

This edited volume examines the development path of eight Central and Eastern European countries with an overlapping historical background that joined the European Union between 2004 and 2013, and identifies the main similarities and differences between the countries concerned. Based on wide comparative data analysis of Bulgaria, Croatia, The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia, each chapter in the volume provides detailed information about the state of the economy in a specific area preceding the pandemic shock. The book offers a detailed snapshot of the state of the different areas of the economy, starting from the time when the countries concerned came out of the 2008 financial crisis, up to the date when COVID-19 hit. Further, each chapter analyzes the effects of this unprecedented shock on a particular field, which is followed by highlighting the main problems the countries are facing at present and in the near future, together with identifying the available policy options. Finally, before concluding and making general and country-specific policy recommendations, some thoughts will be given to longer-term prospects. More specifically, the question of how the subject area could contribute to avoiding the "middle-income-trap" that this region may be facing will be addressed. The comprehensive approach makes this volume a must-read for scholars and students of economics, as well as policy decision-makers in Europe, interested in a better understanding of the region's economic development.

Global Economic Prospects, January 2022

World Bank Group
Global Economic Prospects January 2022 Book PDF

Author : World Bank Group
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2022-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464817601

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Global Economic Prospects, January 2022 by World Bank Group Pdf

Although the global economy is emerging from the collapse triggered by COVID-19, the recovery is likely to be subdued, and global GDP is projected to remain well below its pre-pandemic trend for a prolonged period. Several risks cloud the outlook, including those related to the pandemic and to rapidly rising debt. The pandemic has further diminished already-weak growth prospects for the next decade. Decisive policy actions will be critical in raising the likelihood of better growth outcomes while warding off worse ones. Immediate priorities include supporting vulnerable groups and ensuring a prompt and widespread vaccination process to bring the pandemic under control. Although macroeconomic policy support will continue to be important, limited fiscal policy space amid high debt highlights the need for an ambitious reform agenda that bolsters growth prospects. To address many of these challenges, global cooperation will be key. Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing economies, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). The January edition includes in-depth analyses of topical policy challenges faced by these economies, while the June edition contains shorter analytical pieces.

Capitalism at a Crossroads

Ali Ari
Capitalism at a Crossroads Book PDF

Author : Ali Ari
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2023-02-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783031232572

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Capitalism at a Crossroads by Ali Ari Pdf

As the current capitalist system has been increasingly struggling to respond to the problems and uncertainties in the global economy, this book aims to identify the main economic, social, and ecological problems and discusses solutions for a more inclusive and sustainable economic system. Written by an international selection of contributors, it takes a wider perspective beyond classical orthodox economics. By doing so, this book covers a wide range of topics, such as global warming and climate change, food and energy scarcity, rising inequality and debt issues, health, ecological, economic, and political crises, degrowth, green new deals, solidarity, economy, artificial intelligence, technological change, smart solutions, and smart cities. Discussing these topics, the book presents answers to the question of whether the current capitalist system is viable and provides suggestions for a fair, inclusive, and modern economic system. Taking a comprehensive approach, the book will appeal to students, scholars, and researchers of heterodox and alternative economics.

Policy Advice to Asia in the COVID-19 Era

Changyong Rhee,Katsiaryna Svirydzenka
Policy Advice to Asia in the COVID 19 Era Book PDF

Author : Changyong Rhee,Katsiaryna Svirydzenka
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 105 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2021-03-05
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781513566597

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Policy Advice to Asia in the COVID-19 Era by Changyong Rhee,Katsiaryna Svirydzenka Pdf

The Asia-Pacific region was the first to be hit by the COVID-19 pandemic; it put a strain on its people and economies, and policymaking became exceptionally difficult. This departmental paper contains the assessment of the key challenges facing Asia at this critical juncture and policy advice to the region both to address the current challenges and to build the foundations for a more sustainable and inclusive future. The paper focuses on (1) adjusting to the COVID-19 shock, (2) using unconventional policies when policy space is limited, (3) dealing with debt, and (4) helping the vulnerable and greening the recovery. The paper first presents the different ways countries are adjusting to the COVID-19 shock.

Labour Law and Economic Policy

Adrián Todolí-Signes
Labour Law and Economic Policy Book PDF

Author : Adrián Todolí-Signes
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2024-02-22
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781509973903

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Labour Law and Economic Policy by Adrián Todolí-Signes Pdf

This book studies labour institutions from an economic perspective to justify their existence and the advantages that they bring to innovation, efficiency, productivity, and economic growth. The philosophical foundations of labour law rely on the protection of the weaker party of the employment contract. However, after 40 years of political neoliberalism, these justifications seem insufficient for achieving progress in the area of labour and employment rights. This book changes the narrative of why we need labour standards. It begins with a study of the reasons that gave rise to labour law in the context of the Industrial Revolution and its evolution, and moves on to analyse the current context dominated by globalisation and economic digitisation. It then proceeds to study the main justifications for intervention in the labour market in the current business-economic context on a global scale: economic growth; pre-distribution of wealth; a meritocratic allocation of working conditions and equality among workers. Using case studies and examples from across the EU, the UK, and the US, the book shows how the deregulation of labour markets harms innovation and the economy, especially when considering the challenges of platform work, algorithms, and AI. It demonstrates that labour standards such as the minimum wage, sectoral collective bargaining and collective rights, protection against dismissal and discrimination, occupational risk prevention, and social security are necessary for the economy to function properly.

Collapse and Recovery

Norbert Schady,Alaka Holla,Shwetlena Sabarwal,Joana Silva
Collapse and Recovery Book PDF

Author : Norbert Schady,Alaka Holla,Shwetlena Sabarwal,Joana Silva
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2023-03-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464819346

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Collapse and Recovery by Norbert Schady,Alaka Holla,Shwetlena Sabarwal,Joana Silva Pdf

Worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic has been an enormous shock to mortality, economies, and daily life. But what has received insufficient attention is the impact of the pandemic on the accumulation of human capital—the health, education, and skills—of young people. How large was the setback, and how far are we still from a recovery? Collapse and Recovery estimates the impacts of the pandemic on the human capital of young children, school-age children, and youth and discusses the urgent actions needed to reverse the damage. It shows that there was a collapse of human capital and that, unless that collapse is remedied, it is a time bomb for countries. Specifically, the report documents alarming declines in cognitive and social-emotional development among young children, which could translate into a 25 percent reduction in their earnings as adults. It finds that 1 billion children in low- and middle-income countries missed at least one year of in-person schooling. And despite enormous efforts in remote learning, children did not learn during the unprecedentedly long school closures, which could reduce future lifetime earnings around the world by US$21 trillion. The report quantifies the dramatic drops in employment and skills among youth that resulted from the pandemic as well as the substantial increase in the number of youth neither employed nor enrolled in education or training. In all of these age groups, the impacts of the pandemic were consistently worse for children from poorer backgrounds. These losses call for immediate action. The good news is that evidence-based policies can recover these losses. Collapse and Recovery reviews governments’ responses to the pandemic, assessing why there was a collapse in human capital accumulation, what was missing in the policy architecture to protect human capital during the crisis, and how governments can better prepare to withstand future shocks. It offers concrete policy recommendations to recover losses in human capital—programs that will end up paying for themselves in the long term. To better prepare for future shocks such as climate change and wars, the report emphasizes the need for solutions that bring health, education, and social protection programs together in an integrated human development system. If countries fail to act, the losses in human capital documented in this report will become permanent and last for multiple generations. The time to act is now.

Social Sustainability in Development

Patrick Barron,Louise Cord,José Cuesta,Sabina Espinoza,Michael Woolcock
Social Sustainability in Development Book PDF

Author : Patrick Barron,Louise Cord,José Cuesta,Sabina Espinoza,Michael Woolcock
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2023-04-17
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781464819476

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Social Sustainability in Development by Patrick Barron,Louise Cord,José Cuesta,Sabina Espinoza,Michael Woolcock Pdf

All development is about people: the transformative process to equip, link, and enable groups of people to drive change and create something new to benefit society. Development can promote societies where all people can thrive, but the change process can be complex, challenging, and socially contentious. Continued progress toward sustainable development is not guaranteed. The current overlapping crises of COVID-19, climate change, rising levels of conflict, and a global economic slowdown are inflaming long-standing challenges—exacerbating inequality and deep-rooted systemic inequities. Addressing these challenges will require social sustainability in addition to economic and environmental sustainability. Social Sustainability in Development: Meeting the Challenges of the 21st Century seeks to advance the concept of social sustainability and sharpen its analytical foundations. The book emphasizes social sustainability’s four key components: social cohesion, inclusion, resilience, and process legitimacy. It posits that •Social sustainability increases when more people feel part of the development process and believe that they and their descendants will benefit from it. •Communities and societies that are more socially sustainable are more willing and able to work together to overcome challenges, deliver public goods, and allocate scarce resources in ways perceived to be legitimate and fair so that all people may thrive over time. By identifying interventions that work to promote the components of social sustainability and highlighting the evidence of their links to key development outcomes, this book provides a foundation for using social sustainability to help address the many challenges of our time.

Rethinking Corporate Sustainability in the Era of Climate Crisis

Raz Godelnik
Rethinking Corporate Sustainability in the Era of Climate Crisis Book PDF

Author : Raz Godelnik
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 163 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2021-06-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783030773182

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Rethinking Corporate Sustainability in the Era of Climate Crisis by Raz Godelnik Pdf

This book provides a clear, critical, and timely analysis of the state of corporate sustainability within the context of the climate crisis. It offers not only a substantive critique of the current efforts but also clarity about the changes needed and how to implement them. The book goes beyond the more common debate on shareholder capitalism vs. stakeholder capitalism to explain the shortcomings of the current approach to sustainability in business, which the author describes as sustainability-as-usual. Using strategic design lenses, the author proposes a new model of awakened sustainability, which offers a transformational shift in corporate sustainability to ensure companies fairly and effectively address the climate crisis. The book presents the numerous changes needed in the environment in which companies operate to enable awakened sustainability and how these changes can be realized. Grounded in the scientific community’s calls for urgent action on climate change, this groundbreaking text provides scholars with an evaluation of current and future trends in corporate sustainability. It connects the dots between the progress made in the last five decades and the opportunities entailed in the work on a regenerative and just vision for companies in this decade and beyond.

Impacts of COVID-19 on people’s food security: Foundations for a more resilient food system

Béné, Christophe,Bakker, Deborah,Rodriguez, Monica Chavarro,Even, Brice,Melo, Jenny,Sonneveld, Anne
Impacts of COVID 19 on people s food security Foundations for a more resilient food system Book PDF

Author : Béné, Christophe,Bakker, Deborah,Rodriguez, Monica Chavarro,Even, Brice,Melo, Jenny,Sonneveld, Anne
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2021-02-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Impacts of COVID-19 on people’s food security: Foundations for a more resilient food system by Béné, Christophe,Bakker, Deborah,Rodriguez, Monica Chavarro,Even, Brice,Melo, Jenny,Sonneveld, Anne Pdf

As part of the work implemented by CGIAR on COVID-19, the COVID-19 Research Hub Working Group 4 “Address food systems’ fragility and build back better” was tasked with implementing a global assessment of the impacts of COVID-19 on food systems and their actors, focusing specifically on the consequences that the pandemic had brought on the food security and nutrition of those who have been affected by the crisis. This includes formal and informal actors of the food supply chains (from producers to street vendors) as well as consumers, in both rural and urban environments. Building on this assessment, the task was then to draw on key principles of resilience in the context of humanitarian and food security crisis, to identify preliminary elements of a food system resilience research agenda.

Financial Crises, Poverty and Environmental Sustainability: Challenges in the Context of the SDGs and Covid-19 Recovery

Andreas Antoniades,Alexander S. Antonarakis,Isabell Kempf
Financial Crises Poverty and Environmental Sustainability Challenges in the Context of the SDGs and Covid 19 Recovery Book PDF

Author : Andreas Antoniades,Alexander S. Antonarakis,Isabell Kempf
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2022-01-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030874179

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Financial Crises, Poverty and Environmental Sustainability: Challenges in the Context of the SDGs and Covid-19 Recovery by Andreas Antoniades,Alexander S. Antonarakis,Isabell Kempf Pdf

This volume advances the state-of-the-art in the study of the interplay among financial crises, poverty dynamics and environmental sustainability. It offers timely and unique contributions to the immediate global challenge of sustainable development. Developing a new evidence-base, the volume offers concrete recommendations for policy action needed in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in relation to environment and poverty during the current conditions of financial distress. The approach taken is inductive and evidence-driven. Most analysis is based on in-depth case studies that aim to offer a detailed and dynamic picture on how poverty and environmental sustainability interact in specific social contexts and financial crises. In this way the volume aims to generate a wealth of new and concrete evidence that offer a solid foundation to understand the multiple channels through which social and environmental factors interact, and the ways in which this interaction can and should be managed in order to achieve the needed global transition to sustainability. Broader dynamics that are covered and analysed include the historical legacies of structural adjustment and colonialism; the current debt wave experienced in developing countries; the role of inequality; the significant impact that climate change has on livelihoods and on meeting the SDGs; the new challenge presented by the Covid-19 pandemic for the SDGs; the challenge of sustainable funding for SDGs; and the need for a new eco-social contract. Case-studies examined include Cambodia, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Zambia, and subregions such as the Caribbean, sub-Saharan Africa and Lower Mekong Countries. The volume is part of a joint initiative by the ‘Sussex Sustainability Research Programme (SSRP)’ of the University of Sussex, the ‘UNDP-UNEP Poverty-Environment Action for Sustainable Development Goals’ and the ‘United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD)’. The overall aim is to advance a new research programme and foster a better understanding of the multiple, complex and often opposing ways through which the punctuated economic slowdown of financial crises, poverty dynamics and environmental sustainability interact. It also makes novel recommendations into how poverty reduction and environment can work in synergy rather than being antagonistic, especially during financial distress, leading into recommendations directly geared towards achieving the SDGs and beyond.

The Fourth Turning Is Here

Neil Howe
The Fourth Turning Is Here Book PDF

Author : Neil Howe
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 592 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2023-07-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781982173753

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The Fourth Turning Is Here by Neil Howe Pdf

The visionary behind the bestselling phenomenon The Fourth Turning looks once again to America’s past to predict our future in this startling and hopeful prophecy for how our present era of civil unrest will resolve over the next ten years—and what our lives will look like once it has. Twenty-five years ago, Neil Howe and the late William Strauss dazzled the world with a provocative new theory of American history. Looking back at the last 500 years, they’d uncovered a distinct pattern: modern history moves in cycles, each one lasting roughly eighty to one hundred years, the length of a long human life, with each cycle composed of four eras—or “turnings”—that always arrive in the same order and each last about twenty years. The last of these eras—the fourth turning—was always the most perilous, a period of civic upheaval and national mobilization as traumatic and transformative as the New Deal and World War II, the Civil War, or the American Revolution. Now, right on schedule, our own fourth turning has arrived. And so Neil Howe has returned with an extraordinary new prediction. What we see all around us—the polarization, the growing threat of civil conflict and global war—will culminate by the early 2030s in a climax that poses great danger and yet also holds great promise, perhaps even bringing on America’s next golden age. Every generation alive today will play a vital role in determining how this crisis is resolved, for good or ill. Illuminating, sobering, yet ultimately empowering, The Fourth Turning Is Here takes you back into history and deep into the collective personality of each living generation to make sense of our current crisis, explore how all of us will be differently affected by the political, social, and economic challenges we’ll face in the decade to come, and reveal how our country, our communities, and our families can best prepare to meet these challenges head-on.