Acid Rain And The Rise Of The Environmental Chemist In Nineteenth Century Britain

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Acid Rain and the Rise of the Environmental Chemist in Nineteenth-Century Britain

Peter Reed
Acid Rain and the Rise of the Environmental Chemist in Nineteenth Century Britain Book PDF

Author : Peter Reed
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2016-03-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317185833

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Acid Rain and the Rise of the Environmental Chemist in Nineteenth-Century Britain by Peter Reed Pdf

Robert Angus Smith (1817-1884) was a Scottish chemist and a leading investigator into what came to be known as 'acid rain'. This study of his working life, contextualized through discussion of his childhood, education, beliefs, family, interests and influences sheds light on the evolving understanding of sanitary science during the nineteenth century. Born in Glasgow and initially trained for a career in the Church of Scotland, Smith instead went on to study chemistry in Germany under Justus von Liebig. On his return to Manchester in the 1840s, Smith's strong Calvinist faith lead him to develop a strong concern for the insanitary environmental conditions in Manchester and other industrial towns in Britain. His appointment as Inspector of the Alkali Administration in 1863 enabled him to marry his social concerns and his work as an analytical chemist, and this book explores his role as Inspector of the Administration from its inception through battles with chemical manufacturers in the courts, to the struggle to widen and tighten the regulatory framework as other harmful chemical nuisances became known. This study of Smith’s life and work provides an important background to the way that 'chemical' came to have such negative connotations in the century before publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring. It also offers a fascinating insight into the changing landscape of British politics as regulation and enforcement of the chemical industries came to be seen as necessary, and is essential reading for historians of science, technology and industry in the nineteenth century, as well as environmental historians seeking background context to the twentieth-century environmental movements.

A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Nineteenth Century

Peter J. Ramberg
A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Nineteenth Century Book PDF

Author : Peter J. Ramberg
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2023-12-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9781350251557

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A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Nineteenth Century by Peter J. Ramberg Pdf

A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Nineteenth Century covers the period from 1815 to 1914 and the birth of modern chemistry. The elaboration of atomic theory - and new ideas of periodicity, structure, bonding, and equilibrium - emerged in tandem with new instruments and practices. The chemical industry expanded exponentially, fuelled by an increasing demand for steel, aluminium, dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, and consumer goods. And the chemical laboratory became established in its two distinct modern settings of the university and industry. At the turn of the century, the discovery of radioactivity took hold of the public imagination, drawing chemistry closer to physics, even as it threatened to undermine the whole concept of atomism. The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Chemistry presents the first comprehensive history from the Bronze Age to today, covering all forms and aspects of chemistry and its ever-changing social context. The themes covered in each volume are theory and concepts; practice and experiment; laboratories and technology; culture and science; society and environment; trade and industry; learning and institutions; art and representation. Peter J. Ramberg is Professor of the History of Science at Truman State University, USA. Volume 5 in the Cultural History of Chemistry set. General Editors: Peter J. T. Morris, University College London, UK, and Alan Rocke, Case Western Reserve University, USA.

Entrepreneurial Ventures in Chemistry

Peter Reed
Entrepreneurial Ventures in Chemistry Book PDF

Author : Peter Reed
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2016-03-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317142621

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Entrepreneurial Ventures in Chemistry by Peter Reed Pdf

The Muspratt family form a fascinating dynasty in the history of British commerce and manufacturing. Associated principally with the development of the chemical industry in Liverpool - James Muspratt (1793-1884) was the first person to make alkali on a large scale using the Leblanc Process - the three generations of the family also contributed to wider Victorian and Edwardian culture through their interests in politics, education (founding the Liverpool College of Chemistry in 1848), art, literature and theatre. This is the first study to present the history of the Muspratts as a family group and to consider the entrepreneurial spirit they brought to chemical manufacture in Britain and to their many other ventures.

Henry Enfield Roscoe

Peter John Turnbull Morris,Peter Reed
Henry Enfield Roscoe Book PDF

Author : Peter John Turnbull Morris,Peter Reed
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2024-03-26
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9780190844257

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Henry Enfield Roscoe by Peter John Turnbull Morris,Peter Reed Pdf

Now largely forgotten, Henry Enfield Roscoe was one of the most prominent chemists and educational reformers in Victorian Britain. His contributions include transforming Owens College into Victoria University, now the University of Manchester, campaigning for the reform of technical education, serving as the Liberal MP for South Manchester, and cofounding the Lister Institute of Preventative Medicine. In this detailed biography, authors Morris and Reed provide a timely and original contribution to the history of nineteenth-century British science and its relation to education, industry, and government policy, highlighting Roscoe's significant legacy as one of the leading scientists of his generation.

Scientific Advice to the Nineteenth-Century British State

Roland Jackson
Scientific Advice to the Nineteenth Century British State Book PDF

Author : Roland Jackson
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
Page : 383 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2023-11-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9780822990055

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Scientific Advice to the Nineteenth-Century British State by Roland Jackson Pdf

Traces the Early Evolution of Britain’s System of Scientific Advice In twenty-first-century Britain, scientific advice to government is highly organized, integrated across government departments, and led by a chief scientific adviser who reports directly to the prime minister. But at the end of the eighteenth century, when Roland Jackson’s account begins, things were very different. With this book, Jackson turns his attention to the men of science of the day—who derived their knowledge of the natural world from experience, observation, and experiment—focusing on the essential role they played in proffering scientific advice to the state, and the impact of that advice on public policy. At a time that witnessed huge scientific advances and vast industrial development, and as the British state sought to respond to societal, economic, and environmental challenges, practitioners of science, engineering, and medicine were drawn into close involvement with politicians. Jackson explores the contributions of these emerging experts, the motivations behind their involvement, the forces that shaped this new system of advice, and the legacy it left behind. His book provides the first detailed analysis of the provision of scientific, engineering, and medical advice to the nineteenth-century British government, parliament, the civil service, and the military.

Poisonous Skies

Rachel Emma Rothschild
Poisonous Skies Book PDF

Author : Rachel Emma Rothschild
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2019-07-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226634852

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Poisonous Skies by Rachel Emma Rothschild Pdf

The climate change reckoning looms. As scientists try to discern what the Earth’s changing weather patterns mean for our future, Rachel Rothschild seeks to understand the current scientific and political debates surrounding the environment through the history of another global environmental threat: acid rain. The identification of acid rain in the 1960s changed scientific and popular understanding of fossil fuel pollution’s potential to cause regional—and even global—environmental harms. It showed scientists that the problem of fossil fuel pollution was one that crossed borders—it could travel across vast stretches of the earth’s atmosphere to impact ecosystems around the world. This unprecedented transnational reach prompted governments, for the first time, to confront the need to cooperate on pollution policies, transforming environmental science and diplomacy. Studies of acid rain and other pollutants brought about a reimagining of how to investigate the natural world as a complete entity, and the responses of policy makers, scientists, and the public set the stage for how societies have approached other prominent environmental dangers on a global scale, most notably climate change. Grounded in archival research spanning eight countries and five languages, as well as interviews with leading scientists from both government and industry, Poisonous Skies is the first book to examine the history of acid rain in an international context. By delving deep into our environmental past, Rothschild hopes to inform its future, showing us how much is at stake for the natural world as well as what we risk—and have already risked—by not acting.

A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Modern Age

Peter J. T. Morris
A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Modern Age Book PDF

Author : Peter J. T. Morris
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2023-12-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9781350251571

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A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Modern Age by Peter J. T. Morris Pdf

A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Modern Age covers the period from 1914 to the present. The impact of chemistry and the chemical industry on science, war, society, and the economy has made this era the “Chemical Age”. Having prospered in the West, chemical science spread across the globe and slowly became more diversified in terms of its ethnic and gendered mix. After flourishing for sixty years, the chemical industry was impacted by the Oil Crisis of the 1970s and became almost invisible in the West. While the industry has clearly delivered many benefits to society-such as new materials and better drugs-it has been excoriated by critics for its impact on the environment. The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Chemistry presents the first comprehensive history from the Bronze Age to today, covering all forms and aspects of chemistry and its ever-changing social context. The themes covered in each volume are theory and concepts; practice and experiment; laboratories and technology; culture and science; society and environment; trade and industry; learning and institutions; art and representation. Peter J. T. Morris is Honorary Research Associate at the Science Museum, London, and at University College London, UK Volume 6 in the Cultural History of Chemistry set. General Editors: Peter J. T. Morris, University College London, UK, and Alan Rocke, Case Western Reserve University, USA.

The Contamination of the Earth

Francois Jarrige,Thomas Le Roux
The Contamination of the Earth Book PDF

Author : Francois Jarrige,Thomas Le Roux
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 481 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2021-11-16
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780262542739

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The Contamination of the Earth by Francois Jarrige,Thomas Le Roux Pdf

The trajectories of pollution in global capitalism, from the toxic waste of early tanneries to the poisonous effects of pesticides in the twentieth century. Through the centuries, the march of economic progress has been accompanied by the spread of industrial pollution. As our capacities for production and our aptitude for consumption have increased, so have their byproducts--chemical contamination from fertilizers and pesticides, diesel emissions, oil spills, a vast "plastic continent" found floating in the ocean. The Contamination of the Earth offers a social and political history of industrial pollution, mapping its trajectories over three centuries, from the toxic wastes of early tanneries to the fossil fuel energy regime of the twentieth century.

A Mighty Capital under Threat

Bill Luckin,Peter Thorsheim
A Mighty Capital under Threat Book PDF

Author : Bill Luckin,Peter Thorsheim
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2020-03-03
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9780822987444

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A Mighty Capital under Threat by Bill Luckin,Peter Thorsheim Pdf

Demographically, nineteenth-century London, or what Victorians called the “new Rome,” first equaled, then superseded its ancient ancestor. By the mid-eighteenth century, the British capital had already developed into a global city. Sustained by its enormous empire, between 1800 and the First World War London ballooned in population and land area. Nothing so vast had previously existed anywhere. A Mighty Capital under Threat investigates the environmental history of one of the world’s global cities and the largest city in the United Kingdom. Contributors cover the feeding of London, waste management, movement between the city’s numerous districts, and the making and shaping of the environmental sciences in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Industrial Chemical Separation

Timothy C. Frank,Bruce S. Holden
Industrial Chemical Separation Book PDF

Author : Timothy C. Frank,Bruce S. Holden
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2023-08-07
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783110695137

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Industrial Chemical Separation by Timothy C. Frank,Bruce S. Holden Pdf

A fresh new treatment written by industry insiders, this work gives readers a remarkably clear view into the world of chemical separation. The authors review distillation, extraction, adsorption, crystallization, and the use of membranes – providing historical perspective, explaining key features, and offering insights from personal experience. The book is for engineers and chemists with current or future responsibility for chemical separation on a commercial scale – in its design, operation, or improvement – or for anyone wanting to learn more about chemical separation from an industrial point of view. The result is a compelling survey of popular technologies and the profession, one that brings the art and craft of chemical separation to life. Ever wonder how popular separation technologies came about, how a particular process functions, or how mass transfer units differ from theoretical stages? Or perhaps you want some pointers on how to begin solving a separation problem. You will find clear explanations and valuable insights into these and other aspects of industrial practice in this refreshing new survey.

Economic Poisoning

Adam M. Romero
Economic Poisoning Book PDF

Author : Adam M. Romero
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2021-11-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780520381575

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Economic Poisoning by Adam M. Romero Pdf

The toxicity of pesticides to the environment and humans is often framed as an unfortunate effect of their benefits to agricultural production. In Economic Poisoning, Adam M. Romero upends this narrative and provides a fascinating new history of pesticides in American industrial agriculture prior to World War II. Through impeccable archival research, Romero reveals the ways in which late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century American agriculture, especially in California, functioned less as a market for novel pest-killing chemical products and more as a sink for the accumulating toxic wastes of mining, oil production, and chemical manufacturing. Connecting farming ecosystems to technology and the economy, Romero provides an intriguing reconceptualization of pesticides that forces readers to rethink assumptions about food, industry, and the relationship between human and nonhuman environments.

The Misinformation Age

Cailin O'Connor,James Owen Weatherall
The Misinformation Age Book PDF

Author : Cailin O'Connor,James Owen Weatherall
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2019-01-08
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780300241006

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The Misinformation Age by Cailin O'Connor,James Owen Weatherall Pdf

“Empowering and thoroughly researched, this book offers useful contemporary analysis and possible solutions to one of the greatest threats to democracy.” —Kirkus Reviews Editors’ choice, The New York Times Book Review Recommended reading, Scientific American Why should we care about having true beliefs? And why do demonstrably false beliefs persist and spread despite bad, even fatal, consequences for the people who hold them? Philosophers of science Cailin O’Connor and James Weatherall argue that social factors, rather than individual psychology, are what’s essential to understanding the spread and persistence of false beliefs. It might seem that there’s an obvious reason that true beliefs matter: false beliefs will hurt you. But if that’s right, then why is it (apparently) irrelevant to many people whether they believe true things or not? The Misinformation Age, written for a political era riven by “fake news,” “alternative facts,” and disputes over the validity of everything from climate change to the size of inauguration crowds, shows convincingly that what you believe depends on who you know. If social forces explain the persistence of false belief, we must understand how those forces work in order to fight misinformation effectively. “[The authors] deftly apply sociological models to examine how misinformation spreads among people and how scientific results get misrepresented in the public sphere.” —Andrea Gawrylewski, Scientific American “A notable new volume . . . The Misinformation Age explains systematically how facts are determined and changed—whether it is concerning the effects of vaccination on children or the Russian attack on the integrity of the electoral process.” —Roger I. Abrams, New York Journal of Books

Ugliness and Judgment

Timothy Hyde
Ugliness and Judgment Book PDF

Author : Timothy Hyde
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2023-01-31
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9780691243559

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Ugliness and Judgment by Timothy Hyde Pdf

A novel interpretation of architecture, ugliness, and the social consequences of aesthetic judgment When buildings are deemed ugly, what are the consequences? In Ugliness and Judgment, Timothy Hyde considers the role of aesthetic judgment—and its concern for ugliness—in architectural debates and their resulting social effects across three centuries of British architectural history. From eighteenth-century ideas about Stonehenge to Prince Charles’s opinions about the National Gallery, Hyde uncovers a new story of aesthetic judgment, where arguments about architectural ugliness do not pertain solely to buildings or assessments of style, but intrude into other spheres of civil society. Hyde explores how accidental and willful conditions of ugliness—including the gothic revival Houses of Parliament, the brutalist concrete of the South Bank, and the historicist novelty of Number One Poultry—have been debated in parliamentary committees, courtrooms, and public inquiries. He recounts how architects such as Christopher Wren, John Soane, James Stirling, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe have been summoned by tribunals of aesthetic judgment. With his novel scrutiny of lawsuits for libel, changing paradigms of nuisance law, and conventions of monarchical privilege, he shows how aesthetic judgments have become entangled in wider assessments of art, science, religion, political economy, and the state. Moving beyond superficialities of taste in order to see how architectural improprieties enable architecture to participate in social transformations, Ugliness and Judgment sheds new light on the role of aesthetic measurement in our world.

Francis Watkins and the Dollond Telescope Patent Controversy

Brian Gee,edited by Anita McConnell
Francis Watkins and the Dollond Telescope Patent Controversy Book PDF

Author : Brian Gee,edited by Anita McConnell
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 466 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2016-04-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317133292

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Francis Watkins and the Dollond Telescope Patent Controversy by Brian Gee,edited by Anita McConnell Pdf

Francis Watkins was an eminent figure in his field of mathematical and optical instrument making in mid-eighteenth century London. Working from original documents, Brian Gee has uncovered the life and times of an optical instrument maker, who - at first glance - was not among the most prominent in his field. In fact, because Francis Watkins came from a landed background, the diversification of his assets enabled him to weather particular business storms - discussed in this book - where colleagues without such an economic cushion, were pushed into bankruptcy or forced to emigrate. He played an important role in one of the most significant legal cases to touch this profession, namely the patenting of the achromatic lens in telescopes. The book explains Watkins's origins, and how and why he was drawn into partnership with the famous Dollond firm, who at that point were Huguenot incomers. The patent for the achromatic telescope has never been satisfactorily explained in the literature, and the author has gone back to the original legal documents, never before consulted. He teases out the problems, lays out the evidence, and comes to some interesting new conclusions, showing the Dollonds as hard-headed and ruthless businessmen, ultimately extremely successful. The latter part of the book accounts for the successors of Francis Watkins, and their decline after over a century of successful business in central London.

From Local Patriotism to a Planetary Perspective

Martina Kolbl-Ebert
From Local Patriotism to a Planetary Perspective Book PDF

Author : Martina Kolbl-Ebert
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2016-04-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317132103

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From Local Patriotism to a Planetary Perspective by Martina Kolbl-Ebert Pdf

The Nördlinger Ries and Steinheim Basin, two conspicuous geological structures in southern Germany, were traditionally viewed as somewhat enigmatic but nevertheless definitely volcanic edifices until they were finally recognized as impact craters in the 1960s. The changing views about the origin of the craters mark an important paradigm shift in the Earth sciences, from an Earth-centric approach to a planetary perspective that acknowledged Earth’s place in the wider cosmos. Drawing on a range of printed sources, detailed archival material, letters, personal notes, and interviews with veterans of Ries research, Martina Kölbl-Ebert provides a detailed reconstruction, not only of the historical sequence of events throughout the twentieth century, but also of the personal thoughts, emotions and motives of the scientists involved and the social context of their research. She shows that there was a sudden reconnection of German researchers with the international scientific community, particularly with more progressive American researchers, after some twenty-five years of scientific isolation during the build-up to WWII and its aftermath. This reconnection brought about not only a new view of geoscience, but also saved German geology from self-sufficiency and patriotic arrogance by integrating it in an interdisciplinary and international framework. In so doing this book sheds much valuable light on an under-explored but crucial development in the way we understand Earth’s history, as well as the way that science functioned during times of conflict.