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Author : Serene J. Khader
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2011-10-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199777884
Khader offers a deliberative perfectionist approach to identifying and responding to adaptive preferences— deprived people's preferences that perpetuate their deprivation.
Author : Serene J. Khader
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2011-08-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780199777990
Women and other oppressed and deprived people sometimes collude with the forces that perpetuate injustice against them. Womens acceptance of their lesser claim on household resources like food, their positive attitudes toward clitoridectemy and infibulations, their acquiescence to violence at the hands of their husbands, and their sometimes fatalistic attitudes toward their own poverty or suffering are all examples of adaptive preferences, wherein women participate in their own deprivation. Adaptive Preferences and Womens Empowerment offers a definition of adaptive preference and a moral framework for responding to adaptive preferences in development practice. Khader defines adaptive preferences as deficits in the capacity to lead a flourishing human life that are causally related to deprivation and argues that public institutions should conduct deliberative interventions to transform the adaptive preferences of deprived people. She insists that people with adaptive preferences can experience value distortion, but she explains how this fact does not undermine those peoples claim to participate in designing development interventions that determine the course of their lives. Khader claims that adaptive preference identification requires a commitment to moral universalism, but this commitment need not be incompatible with a respect for culturally variant conceptions of the good. She illustrates her arguments with examples from real-world development practice. Khaders deliberative perfectionist approach moves us beyond apparent impasses in the debates about internalized oppression and autonomous agency, relativism and universalism, and feminism and multiculturalism.
Author : Serene J. Khader
Publisher : Studies in Feminist Philosophy
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190664190
"Develops a genuinely anti-imperialist feminism. Against relativism/universalism debates that ask feminists to either reject normativity or reduce feminism to a Western conceit, Khader's nonideal universalism rediscovers the normative core of feminism in opposition to sexist oppression and reimagines the role of moral ideals in transnational feminist praxis"--
Author : Andrea Veltman
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 377 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199969111
This collection of new essays by leading scholars examines philosophical issues at the intersection of feminism and autonomy studies.Contributors advance central debates in autonomy theory by examining basic components, normative commitments and applications of autonomy, with particular attention to issues of gender and oppression.
Author : Andrea Veltman,Mark Piper
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2014-07-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199969616
This collection of new essays examines philosophical issues at the intersection of feminism and autonomy studies. Are autonomy and independence useful goals for women and subordinate persons? Is autonomy possible in contexts of social subordination? Is the pursuit of desires that issue from patriarchal norms consistent with autonomous agency? How do emotions and caring relate to autonomous deliberation? Contributors to this collection answer these questions and others, advancing central debates in autonomy theory by examining basic components, normative commitments, and applications of conceptions of autonomy. Several chapters look at the conditions necessary for autonomous agency and at the role that values and norms -- such as independence, equality, inclusivity, self-respect, care and femininity -- play in feminist theories of autonomy. Whereas some contributing authors focus on dimensions of autonomy that are internal to the mind -- such as deliberative reflection, desires, cares, emotions, self-identities and feelings of self-worth -- several authors address social conditions and practices that support or stifle autonomous agency, often answering questions of practical import. These include such questions as: What type of gender socialization best supports autonomous agency and feminist goals? When does adapting to severely oppressive circumstances, such as those in human trafficking, turn into a loss of autonomy? How are ideals of autonomy affected by capitalism? and How do conceptions of autonomy inform issues in bioethics, such as end-of-life decisions, or rights to bodily self-determination?
Author : Juha Räikkä,Jukka Varelius
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 205 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2013-05-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783642383762
This volume gathers together previously unpublished articles focusing on the relationship between preference adaptation and autonomy in connection with human enhancement and in the end-of-life context. The value of individual autonomy is a cornerstone of liberal societies. While there are different conceptions of the notion, it is arguable that on any plausible understanding of individual autonomy an autonomous agent needs to take into account the conditions that circumscribe its actions. Yet it has also been suggested that allowing one’s options to affect one’s preferences threatens autonomy. While this phenomenon has received some attention in other areas of moral philosophy, it has seldom been considered in bioethics. This book combines for the first time the topics of preference adaptation, individual autonomy, and choosing to die or to enhance human capacities in a unique and comprehensive volume, filling an important knowledge gap in the contemporary bioethics literature.
Author : Jay Drydyk,Lori Keleher
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2018-07-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317236108
The Routledge Handbook of Development Ethics provides readers with insight into the central questions of development ethics, the main approaches to answering them, and areas for future research. Over the past seventy years, it has been argued and increasingly accepted that worthwhile development cannot be reduced to economic growth. Rather, a number of other goals must be realised: • Enhancement of people's well-being • Equitable sharing in benefits of development • Empowerment to participate freely in development • Environmental sustainability • Promotion of human rights • Promotion of cultural freedom, consistent with human rights • Responsible conduct, including integrity over corruption Agreement that these are essential goals has also been accompanied by disagreements about how to conceptualize or apply them in different cases or contexts. Using these seven goals as an organizing principle, this handbook presents different approaches to achieving each one, drawing on academic literature, policy documents and practitioner experience. This international and multi-disciplinary handbook will be of great interest to development policy makers and program workers, students and scholars in development studies, public policy, international studies, applied ethics and other related disciplines.
Author : Marie-Claire Foblets,Michele Graziadei,Alison Dundes Renteln
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 413 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2017-11-22
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781315413594
This volume addresses the exercise of personal autonomy in contemporary situations of normative pluralism. In the Western liberal tradition, from a strictly legal and theoretical perspective the social individual has the right to exercise the autonomy of his or her will. In a context of legal plurality, however, personal autonomy becomes more complicated. Can and should personal autonomy be recognized as a legal foundation for protecting a person’s freedom to renounce what others view as his or her fundamental ‘human rights’? This collection develops an interdisciplinary conceptual framework to address these questions and presents empirical studies examining the gap between the principle of personal autonomy and its implementation. In a context of cultural diversity, this gap manifests itself in two particular ways. First, not every culture gives the same pre-eminence to personal autonomy when examining the legal effects of an individual’s acts. Second, in a society characterized by ‘weak pluralism’, the legal assessment of personal autonomy often favours the views of the dominant majority. In highlighting these diverse perspectives and problematizing the so-called ‘guardian function’ of human rights, i.e., purporting to protect weaker parties by limiting their personal autonomy in the name of gender equality, fair trial, etc., this book offers a nuanced approach to the principle of autonomy and addresses the questions of whether it can effectively be deployed in situations of internormativity and what conditions must be met in order to ensure that it is not rendered devoid of all meaning.
Author : Kevin Vallier,Michael E. Weber
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190280598
Political theory, from antiquity to the present, has been divided over the relationship between the requirements of justice and the limitations of persons and institutions to meet those requirements. Some theorists hold that a theory of justice should be utopian or idealistic--that the derivation of the correct principles of justice should not take into account human and institutional limitations. Others insist on a realist or non-utopian view, according to which feasibility--facts about what is possible given human and institutional limitations--is a constraint on principles of justice. In recent years, the relationship between the ideal and the real has become the subject of renewed scholarly interest. This anthology aims to represent the contemporary state of this classic debate. By and large, contributors to the volume deny that the choice between realism and idealism is binary. Rather, there is a continuum between realism and idealism that locates these extremes of each view at opposite poles. The contributors, therefore, tend to occupy middle positions, only leaning in the ideal or non-ideal direction. Together, their contributions not only represent a wide array of attractive positions in the new literature on the topic, but also collectively advance how we understand the difference between idealism and realism itself.
Author : Michael Weber,Kevin Vallier
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2017-03-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190280611
Political theory, from antiquity to the present, has been divided over the relationship between the requirements of justice and the limitations of persons and institutions to meet those requirements. Some theorists hold that a theory of justice should be utopian or idealistic--that the derivation of the correct principles of justice should not take into account human and institutional limitations. Others insist on a realist or non-utopian view, according to which feasibility--facts about what is possible given human and institutional limitations--is a constraint on principles of justice. In recent years, the relationship between the ideal and the real has become the subject of renewed scholarly interest. This anthology aims to represent the contemporary state of this classic debate. By and large, contributors to the volume deny that the choice between realism and idealism is binary. Rather, there is a continuum between realism and idealism that locates these extremes of each view at opposite poles. The contributors, therefore, tend to occupy middle positions, only leaning in the ideal or non-ideal direction. Together, their contributions not only represent a wide array of attractive positions in the new literature on the topic, but also collectively advance how we understand the difference between idealism and realism itself.
Author : Diana T. Meyers
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 373 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780199975877
Poverty, Agency, and Human Rights collects thirteen new essays that analyze how human agency relates to poverty and human rights respectively as well as how agency mediates issues concerning poverty and social and economic human rights. No other collection of philosophical papers focuses on the diverse ways poverty impacts the agency of the poor, the reasons why poverty alleviation schemes should also promote the agency of beneficiaries, and the fitness of the human rights regime to secure both economic development and free agency. The book is divided into four parts. Part 1 considers the diverse meanings of poverty both from the standpoint of the poor and from that of the relatively well-off. Part 2 examines morally appropriate responses to poverty on the part of persons who are better-off and powerful institutions. Part 3 identifies economic development strategies that secure the agency of the beneficiaries. Part 4 addresses the constraints poverty imposes on agency in the context of biomedical research, migration for work, and trafficking in persons.
Author : Thera Mjaaland
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 307 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2021-07-27
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781498594660
Revolutionary Struggles and Girls' Education: At the Frontiers of Gender Norms in North-Ethiopia argues that at the base of girls’ poorer performance than boys at secondary school level when puberty has set in, is the “symbolic violence” entailed in sanctioned femaleness. Informed by the modesty of Virgin Mary in Orthodox Christian veneration, it instructs girls to internalize a “holding back” which impinges on her self-efficacy and ability to be an active learner. Neoliberally-informed educational policies and plans which have co-opted liberal feminism also in Ethiopia, do not address “hard-lived” gender norms and the power and domination dynamics entailed when parity between boys and girls in school continues to be the dominant measure for equity. Despite women’s courageous contribution at a literal “frontier” during the Tigrayan liberation struggle (1975-91) where they fought on equal terms with men, and despite the tendency that girls’ outnumber boys at secondary level in the present context, sanctioned femaleness constitutes a “frontier” for girls’ educational success and transition to higher education. In fact, when teaching-learning continues to be based on memorization rather than critical thinking, the very transformative potential of education is undermined - also in a gendered sense.
Author : Eric Palmer
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2017-10-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781317527831
Vulnerability and empowerment are central concepts of contemporary development theory and ethics. Vulnerability associated with human interdependence is a wellspring of values in care ethics, while vulnerability arising from social problems demands remedy, of which empowerment is frequently the just form. Development planners and aid providers focus upon improving the wellbeing of the most vulnerable – especially women – by empowering them economically, socially and politically. Both vulnerability and empowerment are considered in this volume. Drydyk argues that empowerment is necessarily relational, not simply a matter of expanding choices. Koggel reviews Drydyk’s discussion through the lens of feminist relational theory, considering how norms, structures and institutions shape, delimit, and promote empowerment. Presbey examines empowerment in East African women’s lives through the writings and biography of Wangari Maathai. Kosko considers indigenous self-governance and participation in shared governance. Khader reflects upon postcolonial feminist criticism of the concept of adaptive preference. Panitch discusses the economic vulnerability that surrounds the global market in surrogate birth. Pandey provides a review of third world eco-feminist activism and literature. Cudd envisions international humanitarian intervention to support female autonomy against oppressive state and social institutions. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Global Ethics.
Author : Serene J. Khader
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2018-11-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190664220
Decolonizing Universalism argues that feminism can respect cultural and religious differences and acknowledge the legacy of imperialism without surrendering its core ethical commitments. Transcending relativism/ universalism debates that reduce feminism to a Western notion, Serene J. Khader proposes a feminist vision that is sensitive to postcolonial and antiracist concerns. Khader criticizes the false universalism of what she calls 'Enlightenment liberalism,' a worldview according to which the West is the one true exemplar of gender justice and moral progress is best achieved through economic independence and the abandonment of tradition. She argues that anti-imperialist feminists must rediscover the normative core of feminism and rethink the role of moral ideals in transnational feminist praxis. What emerges is a nonideal universalism that rejects missionary feminisms that treat Western intervention and the spread of Enlightenment liberalism as the path to global gender injustice. The book draws on evidence from transnational women's movements and development practice in addition to arguments from political philosophy and postcolonial and decolonial theory, offering a rich moral vision for twenty-first century feminism.
Author : Christine M. Koggel
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2020-03-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780429860638
The past several decades have witnessed a surge in critiques of justice theory by gender, race, disability, post-colonial, non-Western, and other anti-oppression theorists. These theorists tend to reject ideal theory and instead engage in ‘theorizing’ that takes the details of people’s lives to be central to understanding and alleviating injustices. These theorists reveal injustices emerging from norms assumed in mainstream justice theory and uncover them to challenge liberal accounts of moral reasoning and responsibility rooted in individualist conceptions of the self. Instead, they defend a relational conception of selves as born into relationships and shaped by norms, institutions, and structures that determine needs, opportunities, and life prospects differently for different people and groups. Attention to real world circumstances of injustice reveals inequalities in power between developed and developing countries; former colonizers and those colonized within and across nations; and the powerful and marginalized/oppressed where racism, classism, sexism, heterosexism, and so on still prevail. This volume sets out to examine a range of injustices emerging from, and shaped by, histories and contexts of patriarchy, racism, colonialism, capitalism, and so on. These are the kinds of injustices that affect the lives and well-being of people at the global, national, and local levels. The chapters in this book were originally published in the Ethics and Social Welfare journal.
