Advancing Land Change Modeling

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Geographical Sciences Committee,Committee on Needs and Research Requirements for Land Change Modeling
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2014-03-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309288361

Get Book

Advancing Land Change Modeling by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Geographical Sciences Committee,Committee on Needs and Research Requirements for Land Change Modeling Pdf

People are constantly changing the land surface through construction, agriculture, energy production, and other activities. Changes both in how land is used by people (land use) and in the vegetation, rock, buildings, and other physical material that cover the Earth's surface (land cover) can be described and future land change can be projected using land-change models (LCMs). LCMs are a key means for understanding how humans are reshaping the Earth's surface in the past and present, for forecasting future landscape conditions, and for developing policies to manage our use of resources and the environment at scales ranging from an individual parcel of land in a city to vast expanses of forests around the world. Advancing Land Change Modeling: Opportunities and Research Requirements describes various LCM approaches, suggests guidance for their appropriate application, and makes recommendations to improve the integration of observation strategies into the models. This report provides a summary and evaluation of several modeling approaches, and their theoretical and empirical underpinnings, relative to complex land-change dynamics and processes, and identifies several opportunities for further advancing the science, data, and cyberinfrastructure involved in the LCM enterprise. Because of the numerous models available, the report focuses on describing the categories of approaches used along with selected examples, rather than providing a review of specific models. Additionally, because all modeling approaches have relative strengths and weaknesses, the report compares these relative to different purposes. Advancing Land Change Modeling's recommendations for assessment of future data and research needs will enable model outputs to better assist the science, policy, and decisionsupport communities.

Author : Committee on a National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Division on Earth and Life Studies
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2013-01-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309259781

Get Book

A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling by Committee on a National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Division on Earth and Life Studies Pdf

As climate change has pushed climate patterns outside of historic norms, the need for detailed projections is growing across all sectors, including agriculture, insurance, and emergency preparedness planning. A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling emphasizes the needs for climate models to evolve substantially in order to deliver climate projections at the scale and level of detail desired by decision makers, this report finds. Despite much recent progress in developing reliable climate models, there are still efficiencies to be gained across the large and diverse U.S. climate modeling community. Evolving to a more unified climate modeling enterprise-in particular by developing a common software infrastructure shared by all climate researchers and holding an annual climate modeling forum-could help speed progress. Throughout this report, several recommendations and guidelines are outlined to accelerate progress in climate modeling. The U.S. supports several climate models, each conceptually similar but with components assembled with slightly different software and data output standards. If all U.S. climate models employed a single software system, it could simplify testing and migration to new computing hardware, and allow scientists to compare and interchange climate model components, such as land surface or ocean models. A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling recommends an annual U.S. climate modeling forum be held to help bring the nation's diverse modeling communities together with the users of climate data. This would provide climate model data users with an opportunity to learn more about the strengths and limitations of models and provide input to modelers on their needs and provide a venue for discussions of priorities for the national modeling enterprise, and bring disparate climate science communities together to design common modeling experiments. In addition, A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling explains that U.S. climate modelers will need to address an expanding breadth of scientific problems while striving to make predictions and projections more accurate. Progress toward this goal can be made through a combination of increasing model resolution, advances in observations, improved model physics, and more complete representations of the Earth system. To address the computing needs of the climate modeling community, the report suggests a two-pronged approach that involves the continued use and upgrading of existing climate-dedicated computing resources at modeling centers, together with research on how to effectively exploit the more complex computer hardware systems expected over the next 10 to 20 years.

Author : Jerzy Bański
Publisher : Springer
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2019-06-26
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783030212377

Get Book

Three Decades of Transformation in the East-Central European Countryside by Jerzy Bański Pdf

This book identifies, diagnoses and evaluates social and economic processes taking place in the rural areas of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) states in the last 25 years and affecting the immediate future, with a particular focus on their spatial diversity. It addresses questions related to the rationality of the current development policy and possible results in the future. Contemporary processes of socio-economic development are typified by the fact that spatial and regional disparities are tending to increase. This unfavourable phenomenon manifested both in society and in terms of polarised space needs to be counteracted using an effective development policy. The book highlights issues concerning demography, functional structure and non-agricultural activity, and identifies new challenges arising from membership of the European Union (EU). Accession to the EU and the opportunity to implement support measures has further increased the dynamism of transformation – a process that proceeded under various scenarios and different regulations and assumptions that have yet to be identified and evaluated. Furthermore, the current internal policies of individual CEE states concerning rural areas are diverse and likely to affect differential future development. The book is based on the knowledge and experience of scientists from countries in the region investigated, who have the best understanding of the subject matter and have observed the transformations. It is intended for researchers exploring the development of the countryside and practitioners dealing with regional and national development policies targeting rural areas.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 7278 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2019-11-29
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780081022962

Get Book

International Encyclopedia of Human Geography by Anonim Pdf

International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, Second Edition, Fourteen Volume Set embraces diversity by design and captures the ways in which humans share places and view differences based on gender, race, nationality, location and other factors—in other words, the things that make people and places different. Questions of, for example, politics, economics, race relations and migration are introduced and discussed through a geographical lens. This updated edition will assist readers in their research by providing factual information, historical perspectives, theoretical approaches, reviews of literature, and provocative topical discussions that will stimulate creative thinking. Presents the most up-to-date and comprehensive coverage on the topic of human geography Contains extensive scope and depth of coverage Emphasizes how geographers interact with, understand and contribute to problem-solving in the contemporary world Places an emphasis on how geography is relevant in a social and interdisciplinary context

Author : Pravat Kumar Shit,Pulakesh Das,Gouri Sankar Bhunia,Dipanwita Dutta
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2021-06-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781000401448

Get Book

Mapping, Monitoring, and Modeling Land and Water Resources by Pravat Kumar Shit,Pulakesh Das,Gouri Sankar Bhunia,Dipanwita Dutta Pdf

The wide range of challenges in studying Earth system dynamics due to uncertainties in climate change and complex interference from human activities is creating difficulties in managing land and water resources and ensuring their sustainable use. Mapping, Monitoring, and Modeling Land and Water Resources brings together real-world case studies accurately surveyed and assessed through spatial modeling. The book focuses on the effectiveness of combining remote sensing, geographic information systems, and R. The use of open source software for different spatial modeling cases in various fields, along with the use of remote sensing and geographic information systems, will aid researchers, students, and practitioners to understand better the phenomena and the predictions by future analyses for problem-solving and decision-making.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Environmental sciences
ISBN : STANFORD:36105113750124

Get Book

A Review and Assessment of Land-use Change Models by Anonim Pdf

Author : Rick Donnelly
Publisher : Transportation Research Board
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309143103

Get Book

Advanced Practices in Travel Forecasting by Rick Donnelly Pdf

TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 406: Advanced Practices in Travel Forecasting explores the use of travel modeling and forecasting tools that could represent a significant advance over the current state of practice. The report examines five types of models: activity-based demand, dynamic network, land use, freight, and statewide.

Author : T. Sano,T.S. Srivatsan
Publisher : Springer
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2016-12-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319481418

Get Book

Advanced Composites for Aerospace, Marine, and Land Applications II by T. Sano,T.S. Srivatsan Pdf

The papers in this volume cover a broad spectrum of topics that represent the truly diverse nature of the field of composite materials. In recent years, composite materials have grown in strength, stature, and significance to become a key material of enhanced scientific interest and resultant research into understanding their behavior for selection and safe use in a wide spectrum of technology-related applications. This collection presents research and findings relevant to the latest advances in composites materials, specifically their use in aerospace, maritime, and even land applications. The editors have made every effort to bring together authors who put forth recent advances in their research while concurrently both elaborating on and thereby enhancing our prevailing understanding of the salient aspects related to the science, engineering, and far-reaching technological applications of composite materials.

Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Science and Technology for Sustainability Program
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2010-04-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309147149

Get Book

Expanding Biofuel Production and the Transition to Advanced Biofuels by National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Science and Technology for Sustainability Program Pdf

While energy prices, energy security, and climate change are front and center in the national media, these issues are often framed to the exclusion of the broader issue of sustainability-ensuring that the production and use of biofuels do not compromise the needs of future generations by recognizing the need to protect life-support systems, promote economic growth, and improve societal welfare. Thus, it is important to understand the effects of biofuel production and use on water quality and quantity, soils, wildlife habitat and biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions, air quality, public health, and the economic viability of rural communities.

Author : David García-Álvarez,María Teresa Camacho Olmedo,Martin Paegelow,Jean François Mas
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 460 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2022-06-16
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783030909987

Get Book

Land Use Cover Datasets and Validation Tools by David García-Álvarez,María Teresa Camacho Olmedo,Martin Paegelow,Jean François Mas Pdf

This open access book represents a comprehensive review of available land-use cover data and techniques to validate and analyze this type of spatial information. The book provides the basic theory needed to understand the progress of LUCC mapping/modeling validation practice. It makes accessible to any interested user most of the research community's methods and techniques to validate LUC maps and models. Besides, this book is enriched with practical exercises to be applied with QGIS. The book includes a description of relevant global and supra-national LUC datasets currently available. Finally, the book provides the user with all the information required to manage and download these datasets.

Author : Obayelu, Abiodun Elijah,Obayelu, Oluwakemi Adeola
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2020-04-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781799826019

Get Book

Developing Sustainable Food Systems, Policies, and Securities by Obayelu, Abiodun Elijah,Obayelu, Oluwakemi Adeola Pdf

A food system is sustainable if it delivers food and nutrition security for all without compromising the economic, social, and environmental bases to generate food security and nutrition for future generations. Sustainable food systems are vital in ensuring global health and ending malnutrition in all its forms. Assessing important dimensions of the food system such as nutrition, sustainable agriculture, food loss and waste can provide stakeholders with necessary information to evaluate the strength of their country’s food systems and determine where more support is needed. Developing Sustainable Food Systems, Policies, and Securities is a pivotal reference source that explores the nature, extent, and causes of nutrition problems across the world as well as the role that agricultural policy plays in these issues. The book supports the development of sustainable food systems, policy options, and securities by various countries in order to successfully maintain sustainable food production systems. Featuring research topics such as food security, carbon emissions, and nutrition, the book is ideally designed for economists, environmentalists, food producers, policymakers, researchers, academicians, and students seeking coverage on agricultural and sustainability issues.

Author : Ali Soofastaei
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2023-11-15
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781803569536

Get Book

Numerical Simulation - Advanced Techniques for Science and Engineering by Ali Soofastaei Pdf

Numerical simulation is a powerful tool used in various fields of science and engineering to model complex systems and predict their behavior. It involves developing mathematical models that describe the behavior of a system and using computer algorithms to solve these models numerically. By doing so, researchers and engineers can study the behavior of a system in detail, which may only be possible with analytical methods. Numerical simulation has many advantages over traditional analytical methods. It allows researchers and engineers to study complex systems’ behavior in detail and predict their behavior in different scenarios. It also allows for the optimization of systems and the identification of design flaws before they are built. However, numerical simulation has its limitations. It requires significant computational resources, and the accuracy of the results depends on the quality of the mathematical models and the discretization methods used. Nevertheless, numerical simulation remains a valuable tool in many fields and its importance is likely to grow as computational resources become more powerful and widely available. Numerical simulation is widely used in physics, engineering, computer science, and mathematics. In physics, for example, numerical simulation is used to study the behavior of complex systems such as weather patterns, fluid dynamics, and particle interactions. In engineering, it is used to design and optimize systems such as aircraft, cars, and buildings. In computer science, numerical simulation models and optimization algorithms and data structures. In mathematics, it is used to study complex mathematical models and to solve complex equations. This book familiarizes readers with the practical application of the numerical simulation technique to solve complex analytical problems in different industries and sciences.

Author : María Teresa Camacho Olmedo,Martin Paegelow,Jean-François Mas,Francisco Escobar
Publisher : Springer
Page : 525 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2017-10-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319608013

Get Book

Geomatic Approaches for Modeling Land Change Scenarios by María Teresa Camacho Olmedo,Martin Paegelow,Jean-François Mas,Francisco Escobar Pdf

This book provides a detailed overview of the concepts, techniques, applications, and methodological approaches involved in land use and cover change (LUCC) modeling, also known simply as land change modeling. More than 40 international experts in this field have participated in this book, which illustrates recent advances in LUCC modeling with examples from North and South America, the Middle East, and Europe. Given the broad range of geomatic approaches available, it helps readers select the approach that best meets their needs. The book is structured into five parts preceded by a foreword written by Roger White and a general introduction. Part I consists of four chapters, each of which focuses on a specific stage in the modeling process: calibration, simulation, validation, and scenarios. It presents and explains the fundamental ideas and concepts underlying LUCC modeling. This is complemented by a comparative analysis of the selected software packages, practically applied in various case studies in Part II and Part III. Part II discusses recently proposed methodological developments that have enhanced modeling procedures and results while Part III offers case studies as well as interesting, innovative methodological proposals. Part IV revises different fundamental techniques used in LUCC modeling and finally Part V describes the best-known software packages used in the applications presented in Parts II and III.

Author : Mangey Ram,João Paulo Davim
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2022-09-01
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781000794953

Get Book

Advanced Mathematical Techniques in Science and Engineering by Mangey Ram,João Paulo Davim Pdf

In recent years, mathematical techniques applied to novel disciplines within the science and engineering have experienced extraordinary growth. Advanced Mathematical Techniques in Science and Engineering focusses on a detailed range of mathematics applied within various fields of science and engineering for different tasks. Topics of focus include:- Analysis of Consensus-Building Time in Social Groups- Modeling of intersystem accidents in critical infrastructure systems- Stochastic approaches to analysis and modeling of multi-sources and big data- Performance evaluation of computational DoS attack on access point in Wireless LANs- Ranking methods for decision-making under uncertainty- Understanding time delay based Modeling & Diffusion of technological products- Role of soft computing in science and engineering- Complex system reliability analysis and optimization- Tree growth models in forest ecosystems modellingThis research book can be used as a reference for students in a final year undergraduate engineering course, such as mechanical, mechatronics, industrial, computer science, information technology, etc. Furthermore, the book can serve as a valuable reference for academics, engineers and researchers in these and related subject areas.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Sciences,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Policy and Global Affairs,Science and Technology for Sustainability Program,Committee on Considerations for the Future of Animal Science Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2015-03-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309316477

Get Book

Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Sciences,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Policy and Global Affairs,Science and Technology for Sustainability Program,Committee on Considerations for the Future of Animal Science Research Pdf

By 2050 the world's population is projected to grow by one-third, reaching between 9 and 10 billion. With globalization and expected growth in global affluence, a substantial increase in per capita meat, dairy, and fish consumption is also anticipated. The demand for calories from animal products will nearly double, highlighting the critical importance of the world's animal agriculture system. Meeting the nutritional needs of this population and its demand for animal products will require a significant investment of resources as well as policy changes that are supportive of agricultural production. Ensuring sustainable agricultural growth will be essential to addressing this global challenge to food security. Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability identifies areas of research and development, technology, and resource needs for research in the field of animal agriculture, both nationally and internationally. This report assesses the global demand for products of animal origin in 2050 within the framework of ensuring global food security; evaluates how climate change and natural resource constraints may impact the ability to meet future global demand for animal products in sustainable production systems; and identifies factors that may impact the ability of the United States to meet demand for animal products, including the need for trained human capital, product safety and quality, and effective communication and adoption of new knowledge, information, and technologies. The agricultural sector worldwide faces numerous daunting challenges that will require innovations, new technologies, and new ways of approaching agriculture if the food, feed, and fiber needs of the global population are to be met. The recommendations of Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability will inform a new roadmap for animal science research to meet the challenges of sustainable animal production in the 21st century.