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Author : Mulema, Annet,Damtew, Elias
Publisher : ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD)
Page : 35 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2016-08-31
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789291464814
Author : Derek Headey,Mekdim Dereje,Jacob Ricker-Gilbert,Anna Josephson,Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2013-09-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Highland Ethiopia is one of the most densely populated regions of Africa and has long been associated with both Malthusian disasters and Boserupian agricultural intensification. This paper explores the race between these two countervailing forces, with the goal of informing two important policy questions. First, how do rural Ethiopians adapt to land constraints? And second, do land constraints significantly influence welfare outcomes in rural Ethiopia? To answer these questions we use a recent household survey of high-potential areas. We first show that farm sizes are generally very small in the Ethiopian highlands and declining over time, with young rural households facing particularly severe land constraints. We then ask whether smaller and declining farm sizes are inducing agricultural intensification, and if so, how. We find strong evidence in favor of the Boserupian hypothesis that land-constrained villages typically use significantly more purchased input costs per hectare and more family labor, and achieve higher maize and teff yields and high gross income per hectare. However, although these higher inputs raise gross revenue, we find no substantial impact of greater land constraints on net farm income per hectare once family labor costs are accounted for. Moreover, farm sizes are strongly positively correlated with net farm income, suggesting that land constraints are an important cause of rural poverty. We conclude with some broad policy implications of our results.
Author : Berhane, Guush,Abate, Gashaw Tadesse,Wolle, Abdulazize
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 6 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2022-12-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
This study examined the patterns, trends, and drivers of agricultural intensification and productivity growth during the recent decade (2012 - 2019) using three rounds of household data collected from four agricultural regions of Ethiopia. The descriptive results indicate a positive trend both in adoption and intensity of inputs and outputs, albeit from a low base and with considerable heterogeneity by access to information, rainfall levels and variability, labor, soil quality, and remoteness, among others. The econometric results show significant association between intensification, yield growth, household dietary diversity, and consumer durables. The results on the association between current yield levels and per capita consumption expenditures are however mixed (i.e., while an increase in cereal yield improves food consumption expenditures, an increase in cash crop yield improves only non-food consumption expenditures). In sum, while the increasing input intensification and the resulting yield gains are associated with improvements in household diets and consumer durables, it falls short to have strong impact on incomes (as measured by total consumption expenditures), indicating that additional efforts must be made to see meaningful impacts on higher order outcomes. Additional welfare improving productivity gains through increased input intensification may require investments in appropriate fertilizer blends; investments in improved seeds (to accelerate varietal turnover), ways to mitigate production (rainfall) risk, and investments to remodel Ethiopia’s extension system to provide much needed technical support to farmers on production methods.
Author : Guush Berhane,Gashaw Tadesse Abate,Abdulazize Wolle
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1383768449
Author : Vandercasteelen, Joachim,Tamru, Seneshaw,Minten, Bart,Swinnen, Johan
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 37 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2016-07-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Due to the rapid growth of cities in Africa, many more farmers are now living in rural hinterlands in relatively close proximity to cities where many provide food to urban residents. However, empirical evidence on how urbanization affects these farmers is scarce. To fill this gap, this paper explores the relationship between proximity to a city and the production behavior of rural staple crop producers. In particular, we analyze data from teff producing farmers in major producing areas around Addis Ababa, the Ethiopian capital. We find that farmers located closer to Addis Ababa face higher wages and land rental prices, and because they receive higher teff prices they have better incentives to intensify production. Moreover, we observe that modern input use, land and labor productivity, and profitability in teff production improve with urban proximity. This urban proximity has a strong and significant effect on these aspects of teff production, possibly related to the use of more formal factor markets, lower transaction costs in crop production and marketing, and better access to information. In contrast, we do not find a strong and positive relationship between rural population density increases and agricultural transformation – increased population density seems to lead to immiserizing effects in these settings. Our results show that urban proximity should be considered as an important determinant of the process of agricultural intensification and transformation in developing countries.
Author : Grace Carswell
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Agricultural intensification
ISBN : STANFORD:36105028887136
Author : Vandercasteelen, Joachim,Tamru, Seneshaw,Minten, Bart,Swinnen, Johan
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 23 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2017-03-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Urbanization is happening fast in the developing world and especially so in sub-Saharan Africa where growth rates of cities are among the highest in the world. While cities and, in particular, secondary towns, where most of the urban population in sub-Saharan Africa resides, affect agricultural practices in their rural hinterlands, this relationship is not well understood. To fill this gap, we develop a conceptual model to analyze how farmers’ proximity to cities of different sizes affects agricultural prices and intensification of farming. We then test these predictions using large-scale survey data from producers of teff, a major staple crop in Ethiopia, relying on unique data on transport costs and road networks and implementing an array of econometric models. We find that agricultural price behavior and intensification is determined by proximity to a city and the type of city. While proximity to cities has a strong positive effect on agricultural output prices and on uptake of modern inputs and yields on farms, the effects on prices and intensification measures are lower for farmers in the rural hinterlands of secondary towns compared to primate cities.
Author : Agricultural Economics Society of Ethiopia. Conference
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Agriculture
ISBN : IND:30000055887800
Author : I. Okike
Publisher : ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD)
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2001-01-01
Category : Agricultural intensification
ISBN : 9291460966
Author : James McCann
Publisher : Univ of Wisconsin Press
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1995-07-15
Category : History
ISBN : 0299146103
For more than two thousand years, Ethiopia’s ox-plow agricultural system was the most efficient and innovative in Africa, but has been afflicted in the recent past by a series of crises: famine, declining productivity, and losses in biodiversity. James C. McCann analyzes the last two hundred years of agricultural history in Ethiopia to determine whether the ox-plow agricultural system has adapted to population growth, new crops, and the challenges of a modern political economy based in urban centers. This agricultural history is set in the context of the larger environmental and landscape history of Ethiopia, showing how farmers have integrated crops, tools, and labor with natural cycles of rainfall and soil fertility, as well as with the social vagaries of changing political systems. McCann traces characteristic features of Ethiopian farming, such as the single-tine scratch plow, which has retained a remarkably consistent design over two millennia, and a crop repertoire that is among the most genetically diverse in the world. People of the Plow provides detailed documentation of Ethiopian agricultural practices since the early nineteenth century by examining travel narratives, early agricultural surveys, photographs and engravings, modern farming systems research, and the testimony of farmers themselves, collected during McCann’s five years of fieldwork. He then traces the ways those practices have evolved in the twentieth century in response to population growth, urban markets, and the presence of new technologies.
Author : Mekonnen, Dawit Kelemework,Abate, Gashaw Tadesse,Yimam, Seid
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2023-01-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Climate change forecasts for Ethiopia predict higher temperature and rainfall and increased variability in rainfall with periodic severe droughts and floods. The increased weather variability threatens the extent of Ethiopia’s agricultural transformation unless it is supported with improved agricultural water management such as irrigation to make smallholder farming resilient to adverse weather events. This study analyzes the role of irrigation on agricultural transformation in Ethiopia by systematically comparing households with irrigated and non-irrigated plots on key agricultural transformation and welfare indictors (i.e., intensification, commercialization, and consumption expenditures). The study used a representative data from the four main agriculturally important regions of the country and employed an endogenous switching regression approach that addresses potential biases from placement of irrigation schemes and the self-selection of farmers to adopt irrigation on their plots. This approach allows for counterfactual analysis on the effect of irrigation if it is adopted on plots or in households without current irrigation as well as the counterfactual realizations of outcome variables if irrigated plots were not irrigated or irrigating households were relying only on rainfed agriculture. The main results show a positive and significant effects of irrigation on intensification, commercialization, and household welfare. Specifically, the results show that farm households with irrigated plots (i) use more fertilizer and agrochemicals, (ii) sell sizable shares of their harvest, and (iii) spend more on food and non-food expenditures. The counterfactual analysis on what would have been the effect of irrigation on currently non-irrigated plots indicate a stronger result across our outcome indicators which further suggest the importance of expanding irrigation in accelerating agricultural transformation and welfare improvement in Ethiopia.
Author : Berhane, Guush,Abate, Gashaw Tadesse,Wolle, Abdulazize
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 55 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2022-12-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Ethiopia has made substantial efforts in the last three decades to increase agricultural productivity through modern input intensification and stimulate overall economic growth. Despite the high growth rates in recent decade, Ethiopia’s overall intensification and yield levels remained below what is considered optimal. This study examines the patterns, trends, and drivers of agricultural intensification and productivity growth during the recent decade (2012 - 2019) using three rounds of representative household data collected from the four main agriculturally important regions of the country. The descriptive results indicate a positive trend in both the adoption rate and intensity of inputs and output, albeit from a low base compared to other contexts and with considerable heterogeneity by access to information, rainfall levels and variability, labor, soil quality, remoteness, among others. The econometric results show significant association between intensification, yield growth, household dietary diversity (a proxy measure for food and nutrition security), and consumer durables. However, the results on the association between current yield levels and per capita consumption expenditures are mixed (i.e., while an increase in cereal yield only improve food consumption expenditures, an increase in cash crops yield mainly improve non-food consumption expenditures). In sum, while the increasing input intensification and the resulting yield gains are associated with improvement in household diets and consumer durables, it falls short to have strong impact on incomes (as measured by total consumption expenditures), indicating that more efforts have to be made to see meaningful impacts on higher order outcomes. Additional welfare improving productivity gains through increased input intensifications may require investments to put in place appropriate fertilizer blends linked with localized soil nutrient requirements, investments to generate locally suited improved seeds and appropriate mechanisms to reach farmers, ways to mitigate production (rainfall) risk, and investments to remodel Ethiopia’s extension system to provided much needed technical support to farmers on production methods.
Author : Dessalegn Rahmato
Publisher : Nordic Africa Institute
Page : 110 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9171062262
Field study of post-revolutionary agrarian reform and social change in rural area Ethiopia - looks at the agrarian structure and social classes prior to 1975; comments on land reform legislation adopted up to 1982, land nationalization and land allotment, impact on use of agricultural technology, agricultural price, agricultural taxation, and emerging trends in agricultural development: discusses role, structure and leadership of farmers associations, etc. Bibliography and statistical tables.
Author : International Food Policy Research Institute
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780812245295
Ethiopia encompasses a wide variety of agroecologies and peoples.
Author : Berhane, Guush,Ragasa, Catherine,Abate, Gashaw T.,Assefa, Thomas Woldu
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2018-05-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
We document the state of the extension system in Ethiopia and review the empirical evidence on the links between the key extension services provided, adoption of modern inputs, and agricultural productivity. In particular, we take stock of the provision of agricultural extension services, synthesize the evidence on the performance of the system, and suggest ways that it might contribute to accelerating agricultural growth and poverty reduction in the years ahead.