Agricultural Mechanization And Agricultural Transformation

Author : Diao, Xinshen,Silver, Jed,Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2016-04-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Agricultural mechanization and agricultural transformation by Diao, Xinshen,Silver, Jed,Takeshima, Hiroyuki Pdf

A renewed focus on agriculture’s potential contribution to economic transformation in Africa has resulted in increased attention paid to agricultural mechanization. African agriculture still relies predominantly on human muscle power despite anecdotal evidence on urbanization and rising rural wages, in contrast to other developing regions that have experienced rapid increases in agricultural mechanization during the past few decades. Past state-led mechanization pushes in Africa often failed due to insufficient understanding of the nature of demand for mechanization technologies among farmers and insufficient knowledge of private-sector functions. This background paper reviews the factors likely to influence farmer demand for mechanization in Africa and details different existing and potential mechanization supply models. Although an empirical analysis of mechanization demand and the effectiveness of supply chains is beyond the scope of this paper, in part due to data limitations, this paper suggests that demand for mechanization may be emerging in some parts of Africa. It also suggests that private-sector-driven supply models are better positioned to meet this demand than direct government involvement and certain types of subsidized programs. The paper then identifies possible areas for government support to complement private-sector leadership in developing mechanization supply chains. Nevertheless, significant further research is required to better understand the changing nature of mechanization demand in Africa and the extent and effectiveness of different supply models in meeting it.

Author : Takeshima, Hiroyuki,Lawal, Akeem
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2018-08-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Overview of the evolution of agricultural mechanization in Nigeria by Takeshima, Hiroyuki,Lawal, Akeem Pdf

Demand for mechanization in Nigeria is growing in a fairly consistent way predicted by economic theories. The farming system has intensified and the use of animal traction has grown at a substantial rate. Demand side factors considerably explain the low adoptions of tractors in Nigeria. Where demand is sufficient for tractors, the private sector has emerged over time as a more efficient provider of hiring services (particularly farmer-tofarmer services) than the public sector. Conditions are consistent with the hypotheses that, because of generally low support for the agricultural sector in Nigeria in the past few decades, agricultural mechanization (tractor use in particular) has remained low despite the declining share of the workforce engaged in the agricultural sector. Agricultural transformation in the form of a declining agricultural labor force has happened partly through the growth in the oil industry since the 1970s. Instead of inducing further exit from farming, tractor adoptions in Nigeria might have helped those who have remained in farming to start expanding their production scale. A knowledge gap, however, still remains regarding the dominance of large tractors and the potential effects of tractor adoptions on smallholders who have yet to adopt them.

Author : Diao, Xinshen, ed.,Takeshima, Hiroyuki. ed.,Zhang, Xiaobo, ed.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 548 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2020-12-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780896293809

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An evolving paradigm of agricultural mechanization development: How much can Africa learn from Asia? by Diao, Xinshen, ed.,Takeshima, Hiroyuki. ed.,Zhang, Xiaobo, ed. Pdf

Agricultural mechanization in Africa south of the Sahara — especially for small farms and businesses — requires a new paradigm to meet the needs of the continent’s evolving farming systems. Can Asia, with its recent success in adopting mechanization, offer a model for Africa? An Evolving Paradigm of Agricultural Mechanization Development analyzes the experiences of eight Asian and five African countries. The authors explore crucial government roles in boosting and supporting mechanization, from import policies to promotion policies to public good policies. Potential approaches presented to facilitating mechanization in Africa include prioritizing market-led hiring services, eliminating distortions, and developing appropriate technologies for the African context. The role of agricultural mechanization within overall agricultural and rural transformation strategies in Africa is also discussed. The book’s recommendations and insights should be useful to national policymakers and the development community, who can adapt this knowledge to local contexts and use it as a foundation for further research.

Author : Kennedy, Adam
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 3 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2018-09-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Mechanization policy- Creating an enabling environment for private-sector investment by Kennedy, Adam Pdf

Mechanization increases the power applied to agricultural operations and is one tool among many for improving farm productivity. It alone cannot drive the transformation of agriculture (Pingali 2007). Farmers will mechanize to lower costs and ensure timeliness of operations, allowing a greater area of land to be cultivated. The demand for mechanization is therefore determined by the stage of agricultural transformation reflecting the use of complementary inputs (improved seeds, fertilizer), the intensity of farming, land hold-ings, and rural labor supply. Countries across developing Asia have mechanized at different rates corresponding to their level of agricul-tural transformation but also strongly influenced by government policies. ReSAKSS-Asia organized a knowledge exchange event entitled “Agriculture and Rural Transformation in Asia: Past Experiences and Fu-ture Opportunities” to discuss, among many topics, insights into how agricultural mechanization has evolved in countries with different agroecological, institutional and political settings, and what common lessons can be learned for those countries at the early stage of mechanization. This brief summarizes some of the key lessons shared by participants.

Author : Chapoto, Antony,Houssou, Nazaire,Mabiso, Athur,Cossar, Frances
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2014-06-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Medium and large-scale farmers and agricultural mechanization in Ghana by Chapoto, Antony,Houssou, Nazaire,Mabiso, Athur,Cossar, Frances Pdf

The survey was aimed at characterizing the transition of smallholder farmers who have become medium- and large-scale commercial farmers in Ghana, assessing agricultural machinery ownership, and patterns of demand for agricultural mechanization among farmers in the country. The data generated from the survey will answer some of the critical questions pertaining to agricultural transformation in the country.

Author : Malabo Montpellier Panel
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 55 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2018-07-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Mechanized: Transforming Africa’s agriculture value chains by Malabo Montpellier Panel Pdf

The current report—Mechanized: Transforming Africa’s Agriculture Value Chains—summarizes the findings of a systematic analysis of what countries at the forefront of progress in mechanization have done right. It analyzes which policy decisions were taken and which interventions were implemented to substantially increase the uptake of mechanization. The report takes a broad perspective on mechanization, including technologies along the entire value chain and how they relate to agricultural development and job creation. The report shows what can be done to sustainably mechanize agriculture to increase production and enhance value addition across value chain segments. The set of policies and practices that are identified, if brought to scale, could have significant impact on agricultural transformation in Africa. The report provides a roadmap for African governments to take concerted action to deliver on the growth and transformation targets set out by the Malabo Declaration and the Sustainable Development Goals.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,African Union
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2019-03-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251308714

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Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization: A Framework for Africa by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,African Union Pdf

This framework presents ten interrelated principles/elements to guide Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization in Africa (SAMA). Further, it presents the technical issues to be considered under SAMA and the options to be analysed at the country and sub regional levels. The ten key elements required in a framework for SAMA are as follows: The analysis in the framework calls for a specific approach, involving learning from other parts of the world where significant transformation of the agricultural mechanization sector has already occurred within a three-to-four decade time frame, and developing policies and programmes to realize Africa’s aspirations of Zero Hunger by 2025. This approach entails the identification and prioritization of relevant and interrelated elements to help countries develop strategies and practical development plans that create synergies in line with their agricultural transformation plans. Given the unique characteristics of each country and the diverse needs of Africa due to the ecological heterogeneity and the wide range of farm sizes, the framework avoids being prescriptive.

Author : Srinivasan, S.V., Saborío, M., Morales Opazo, C.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2022-09-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251367971

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Agricultural transformation: trends in farm size, crop diversification and mechanization in Nicaragua and Peru by Srinivasan, S.V., Saborío, M., Morales Opazo, C. Pdf

Structural change is a process in which the amount of labour, capital and land dedicated to agriculture (and other sectors) changes over time. In this study, we focus on the cases of Peru and Nicaragua using their two most recently administered agricultural censuses. The agricultural censuses permit us to identify dimensions and information available to study the process of structural change in Latin America over the last 20 years. The study includes a comparative analysis and policy recommendations based on the two most recent agricultural censuses administered in Nicaragua (2001 and 2011) and Peru (1994 and 2012). Processing and analysing information from these censuses contribute to identifying dimensions and information available to study the process of structural change in Latin America over the last 20 years. Evidence-based policymaking is increasingly more at the core of the United Nations and member countries’ activity. In the case of FAO, this type of study is crucial to build the knowledge body on which projects and activities are carried forward. The Hand-in-Hand (HiH) initiative is a key example in this context, as it aims at quantitatively identifying high-impact and high-agricultural potential areas in which to invest within developing countries. As Nicaragua and Peru are HiH’s target countries, this study will show very useful to learn about their recent experiences in agricultural transformations.

Author : Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 54 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2017-07-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Overview of the evolution of agricultural mechanization in Nepal: A focus on tractors and combine harvesters by Takeshima, Hiroyuki Pdf

This study was conducted to understand the evolution of agricultural mechanization in Nepal, specifically its determinants on both the demand and supply sides, as well as impacts on agricultural production and associations with broader economic transformation processes, in order to draw lessons that can be conveyed to other less mechanized countries. Mechanization levels in Nepal, a largely agricultural country, were relatively low until a few decades ago. However, significant mechanization growth, including the adoption of tractors, has occurred since the 1990s, against a backdrop of rising rural wages, particularly for plowing, combined with growing emigration and growth in key staple crop yields and overall broad agricultural production growth, as well as improved market access and participation. This growth in mechanization has taken place despite the general absence of direct government support or promotion. The growth of tractor use in the plains of the Terai zone has transformed agricultural production rather than inducing labor movement out of agriculture, raising overall returns to scale in intensification and enabling the cultivation of greater areas by medium smallholders than by resource-poor smallholders. Tractors have also facilitated the intensification of crop production per unit of land among very small farmers, enabling mechanization growth despite the continued decline in farm size, although these farmers may not have benefited as much as medium smallholders. Potential future research areas with policy relevance include mitigating accessibility constraints to tractor custom hiring services, identifying appropriate regulatory policies for mechanization, and providing complementary support to some smallholders who may not fully benefit from tractor adoption alone.

Author : Takeshima, Hiroyuki,Kumar, Anjani
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 55 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2020-06-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Changing returns-to-scale and deepening of factor-endowments-induced specialization: Exploring broader linkage between agricultural mechanization and agricultural transformation in Nepal by Takeshima, Hiroyuki,Kumar, Anjani Pdf

Heterogeneity in factor endowments and the degree of specializations induced by comparative advantages are among the crucial factors that affect the overall productivity of the economy. Few studies, however, investigate what strengthens such endowment-related specialization patterns in the agricultural sector in low-income countries, although such evolutions have profound effects on the role of factor endowments in households’ behaviors. This is in contrast to well-established international trade theory, such as the Heckscher–Ohlin theorem which describes how heterogeneity in endowment across countries gives rise to comparative advantages for specialization and trade. We partly fill this critical knowledge gap by providing a set of evidence from Nepal, which is a country that has historically been dominated by smallholder farmers and yet has recently been experiencing rapid structural transformation within the agricultural sector. Specifically, we show the following: the agricultural sector in Nepal has experienced a significant increase in returns-to-scale (RTS) in production in recent years during the process of growing adoptions of agricultural mechanization through the custom-hiring market. Such increase in RTS has primarily strengthened the linkages between factor endowment heterogeneity (across farm households) and their specialization behaviors in labor, land, and the agricultural capital market. Both cross-section and panel-data of households in Nepal extracted from Nepal Living Standards Surveys are used to generate this evidence. We find that rising RTS associated primarily with tractor use growth has been inducing greater exploitations of comparative advantages; agricultural households have been increasingly specializing in exchanges of production factors, services, and outputs, in ways consistent with predictions based on their relative factor endowments. Specifically, the rise in RTS has induced households with more labor, land, and capital endowments to rent out their labor, land, and credit, respectively, within the agricultural sector, while increasingly renting-in the other factors with which they are less endowed. The results suggest that understanding factor endowments heterogeneity among agricultural households is becoming increasingly important for effective agricultural policy designs in countries like Nepal, where employment shares in the agricultural sector remain high despite the growth in mechanization.

Author : Diao, Xinshen, ed.,Takeshima, Hiroyuki. ed.,Zhang, Xiaobo, ed.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 4 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780896293823

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An evolving paradigm of agricultural mechanization development: How much can Africa learn from Asia? Synopsis by Diao, Xinshen, ed.,Takeshima, Hiroyuki. ed.,Zhang, Xiaobo, ed. Pdf

Agricultural mechanization in Africa south of the Sahara — especially for small farms and businesses — requires a new paradigm to meet the needs of the continent’s evolving farming systems. Can Asia, with its recent success in adopting mechanization, offer a model for Africa? An Evolving Paradigm of Agricultural Mechanization Development analyzes the experiences of eight Asian and five African countries. The authors explore crucial government roles in boosting and supporting mechanization, from import policies to promotion policies to public good policies. Potential approaches presented to facilitating mechanization in Africa include prioritizing market-led hiring services, eliminating distortions, and developing appropriate technologies for the African context. The role of agricultural mechanization within overall agricultural and rural transformation strategies in Africa is also discussed. The book’s recommendations and insights should be useful to national policymakers and the development community, who can adapt this knowledge to local contexts and use it as a foundation for further research.

Author : Xinshen Diao
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1373351525

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Agricultural Mechanization in Africa: Insights from Ghana's Experience by Xinshen Diao Pdf

Author : Hiroyuki Takeshima,Yanyan Liu
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 4 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2019-08-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Determinants of Agricultural Machinery Adoption Intensities in Ghana by Hiroyuki Takeshima,Yanyan Liu Pdf

Increased capital use in agriculture, including mechanization, is con-sidered an integral process of agricultural transformation. Despite some recent emergence of medium-to-large scale farmers in SSA, as well as labor-movement out of agricultural sector (particularly youths), smallholders without substantial mechanization have re-mained the majority in the agricultural sector in countries like Gha-na. Globally, mechanization has often been associated with large-scale farming given the complementarity between machine and land. The experiences in Asia in the last few decades, however, suggest that mechanization may grow even among smallholders before they transition into larger-scale farmers. These experiences have prompted the need to understand better how mechanization may be adopted by smallholders for whom the scope for exploiting complementarity between mechanization and land is limited. We test the hypotheses that high-yielding technologies, which potentially raise returns to more intensive farm power use, are im-portant drivers of adoptions of agricultural mechanization among smallholders at both extensive and intensive margins. We do so using the three rounds of repeated cross-sectional, nationally rep-resentative data (Ghana Living Standard Surveys (GLSS) 2006, 2013, 2017), as well as unique tractor-use data in Ghana collected by IFPRI and Savannah Agricultural Research Institute (IFPRI-SARI data), and multi-dimensional indicators of agroclimatic similarity with plant-breeding locations.

Author : Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA)
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2023-07-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Agricultural mechanization services, rice productivity, and farm/plot size: Insights from Myanmar by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) Pdf

The relationship between productivity and farm size has been at the center of considerable debate. Agricultural mechanization – that is rapidly taking off in a large number of low- and middle-income countries – has been identified as one of the emerging technologies in these settings with a critical, yet complex, influence on this productivity-size relation. However, knowledge gaps remain as how agricultural transformation due to the adoption of new technologies and the change in factor costs, such as mechanization fees, are associated with this productivity - size relation. In the case of Myanmar, where mechanization use has dramatically increased over the last decade, we find a significant inverse productivity - plot size relationship, with small rice plots having productivity levels approximately 30 percent higher than large plots. However, rising mechanization fees – more so in conflict-affected townships – attenuated this inverse relation between rice productivity (yield and profit per land) and plot size substantially. These results primarily hold on the largest rice plot cultivated by each farmer, but also generally hold when comparing total rice area and major non-rice area. Our results are likely explained by the fact that, in Myanmar, smallholders have become more dependent on mechanization services than larger farms (who can rely on their own machines) do, that alternatives to mechanization services have become scarce (as mechanization use changed little, despite these price increases), and that mechanization service costs account for a significant share of the total production costs among smallholders.

Author : Bruce F. Johnston,Peter Kilby
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 508 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1975
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105004737131

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Agriculture and Structural Transformation by Bruce F. Johnston,Peter Kilby Pdf

Monograph on problems of rural development and the modernization of agrarian structures in late-developing countries, with particular reference to the design of agricultural development strategy - discusses the interrelations between agricultural mechanization, productivity and industrialization, and covers choice of technology considerations, economic implications, etc. References and statistical tables.