Agricultural Productivity Inter Sectoral Labor Shift And Economic Growth In India

Author : Balaji, S. J.,Babu, Suresh Chandra
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 26 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2020-06-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

Get Book

Agricultural productivity, inter-sectoral labor shift, and economic growth in India by Balaji, S. J.,Babu, Suresh Chandra Pdf

In this paper, we study the transformation process Indian agriculture exhibited in the recent past, studying its policy implications. Between the years 2005-06 and 2015-16, more than 52 million workers left agriculture, which did not have any effect on agricultural output due to productivity improvements. We estimate the contribution of productivity growth and structural change in agriculture to national productivity growth during 1981-2016. We estimate differentials in agricultural productivity and in their ability to contribute to the structural change process for 21 major states of India. Using revised employment estimates, we trace major changes during the pre-reforms (before 1991) and post-reforms periods. Results show that in the pre-reforms period, the impact of productivity improvements in agriculture on agricultural output was equated by the new workforce entering into this sector, leading to a stagnant labor productivity trend. The labor-shift from agriculture during the early years of the post-reforms period, which increased further in the next decade, has led to a consistent rise in agricultural productivity. In the absence of reforms and the associated labor shift, the productivity growth in Indian agriculture would have been much lower. A similar labor shift during the last decade has not affected agricultural output, which has risen more rapidly. This result holds true for almost all states studied. There exists a positive relation between labor-shift and agricultural output in a cluster of states. Decomposition results indicate ‘within-sector’ productivity growth is the major source of overall growth, with a rising contribution of ‘structural change’. Studying the sources of growth across states offers new scope to achieve inter-sectoral productivity convergence.

Author : Balaji SJ
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 26 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1299445100

Get Book

Agricultural Productivity, Inter-Sectoral Labor Shift, and Economic Growth in India by Balaji SJ Pdf

In this paper, we study the transformation process Indian agriculture exhibited in the recent past, studying its policy implications. Between the years 2005-06 and 2015-16, more than 52 million workers left agriculture, which did not have any effect on agricultural output due to productivity improvements. We estimate the contribution of productivity growth and structural change in agriculture to national productivity growth during 1981-2016. We estimate differentials in agricultural productivity and in their ability to contribute to the structural change process for 21 major states of India. Using revised employment estimates, we trace major changes during the pre-reforms (before 1991) and post-reforms periods. Results show that in the pre-reforms period, the impact of productivity improvements in agriculture on agricultural output was equated by the new workforce entering into this sector, leading to a stagnant labor productivity trend. The labor-shift from agriculture during the early years of the post-reforms period, which increased further in the next decade, has led to a consistent rise in agricultural productivity. In the absence of reforms and the associated labor shift, the productivity growth in Indian agriculture would have been much lower. A similar labor shift during the last decade has not affected agricultural output, which has risen more rapidly. This result holds true for almost all states studied. There exists a positive relation between labor-shift and agricultural output in a cluster of states. Decomposition results indicate 'within-sector' productivity growth is the major source of overall growth, with a rising contribution of 'structural change'. Studying the sources of growth across states offers new scope to achieve inter-sectoral productivity convergence.

Author : Min Zhu,Ms.Longmei Zhang,Daoju Peng
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2019-11-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513515359

Get Book

China’s Productivity Convergence and Growth Potential—A Stocktaking and Sectoral Approach by Min Zhu,Ms.Longmei Zhang,Daoju Peng Pdf

China’s growth potential has become a hotly debated topic as the economy has reached an income level susceptible to the “middle-income trap” and financial vulnerabilities are mounting after years of rapid credit expansion. However, the existing literature has largely focused on macro level aggregates, which are ill suited to understanding China’s significant structural transformation and its impact on economic growth. To fill the gap, this paper takes a deep dive into China’s convergence progress in 38 industrial sectors and 11 services sectors, examines past sectoral transitions, and predicts future shifts. We find that China’s productivity convergence remains at an early stage, with the industrial sector more advanced than services. Large variations exist among subsectors, with high-tech industrial sectors, in particular the ICT sector, lagging low-tech sectors. Going forward, ample room remains for further convergence, but the shrinking distance to the frontier, the structural shift from industry to services, and demographic changes will put sustained downward pressure on growth, which could slow to 5 percent by 2025 and 4 percent by 2030. Digitalization, SOE reform, and services sector opening up could be three major forces boosting future growth, while the risks of a financial crisis and a reversal in global integration in trade and technology could slow the pace of convergence.

Author : McMillan, Margaret ,Rodrik, Dani,Sepúlveda, Claudia
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2017-05-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780896292147

Get Book

Structural change, fundamentals, and growth : a framework and case studies by McMillan, Margaret ,Rodrik, Dani,Sepúlveda, Claudia Pdf

Author : Anthony P. D’Costa,Achin Chakraborty
Publisher : Springer
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2019-04-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789811368912

Get Book

Changing Contexts and Shifting Roles of the Indian State by Anthony P. D’Costa,Achin Chakraborty Pdf

This book critically discusses the changing relationship between the Indian state and capital by examining the mediating role of society in influencing developmental outcomes. It theorizes the state’s changing context allowing the discussion of its pursuit of contradictory economic and social welfare goals simultaneously. Both structural and ideological factors are argued to contribute to a shifting context, but the centrality of re-distributive politics and the contradictions therein explain a lot of what the state does and cannot do. The book also examines what the state aspires to do but structurally cannot accomplish either because of the scale of the problem or the dysfunctionality that sets in with continuous reforms. The collection provides rich evidence on the contested forms of governance arising from changing contexts and shifting roles of the state. Readers will benefit from this recasting of the Indian state in terms of the actual forms of intervention today. Changing Contexts and Shifting Roles of the Indian State is a timely book. At a time when the question of the role of the state in promoting more inclusive forms of development has never been more urgent, this book provides a range of powerful and insightful case studies of how a changing Indian capitalism is impacting and in turn being impacted by the multi-stranded role of the Indian state. Patrick Heller, Professor of Sociology and International Affairs, Brown University, Providence. Since the early 1990s, the Indian economy has moved away from a statist model of development to a more market-oriented one. However, very little scholarship exists that attempts to analyse India’s recent development experience from a political economy lens. This book, which is edited by two of India’s reputed scholars in the political economy of development, addresses this important gap in the literature. It provides an insightful account of the role of the state and the market in India’s economic resurgence in the last three decades. The book also contributes to a fresh understanding of what is meant by a twenty-first century developmental state in a globalised world. The book will be valuable reading for all scholars of India, as well as to researchers in the political economy of development. Kunal Sen, Director, United Nations University – World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER), Helsinki. This collection gives us a richer and more layered understanding of the Indian contemporary State. Rather than see the State as an unchanging entity with unchanging interests, the book argues that the role of the State changes with the context and with the change in political regime. Thus, taking contradictory decisions such as greater dispossession of land from the peasantry and expansion of the universe of economic rights is explainable. The argument is that we can have a better understanding when we see the Indian State as dealing with the ebb and flow of a democracy. C. Rammanohar Reddy, Former Editor, Economic and Political Weekly, Mumbai.

Author : John Williams Mellor
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1972
Category : Agricultural innovations
ISBN : UOM:39015058349534

Get Book

Models of Economic Growth and Land Augmenting Technological Change in Foodgrain Production by John Williams Mellor Pdf

Author : Ajit Kumar Ghose
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2019-09-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780190990060

Get Book

Employment in India by Ajit Kumar Ghose Pdf

Over the last two decades, a fascinating growth story has unfolded in India. Yet, the improvement in material conditions for the country’s vast majority has not kept pace with that growth. This is mainly because India is still grappling with poor employment conditions and widespread unemployment. However, there is not much clarity on the exact nature of this problem and the steps required to tackle it. This short introduction addresses this lack of information. Reviewing the evolution of employment conditions in India since Independence, this volume underscores the linkages between it and economic growth and development. It not only clearly outlines the contours of the employment challenge that India is now confronted with but also discusses viable ways of overcoming this hurdle.

Author : Ms.Era Dabla-Norris,Giang Ho,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Annette J Kyobe,Mr.Robert Tchaidze
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2013-09-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781616357290

Get Book

Anchoring Growth by Ms.Era Dabla-Norris,Giang Ho,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Annette J Kyobe,Mr.Robert Tchaidze Pdf

Fostering and sustaining robust economic growth is an imperative across advanced, emerging, and low-income countries alike. Countries will need to focus on supply-side reforms to raise their potential output and anchor medium-term growth prospects. This SDN will emphasize the role of structural reforms and supportive policy and institutional frameworks for boosting productivity–a key engine of economic growth–in the wake of the crisis. By examining a broad spectrum of reforms that eliminate impediments to growth, the paper will seek to highlight a differentiated policy agenda across countries.

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Center for Economics, Governance, and International Studies,Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change,Panel on New Research on Population and the Environment
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2005-10-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309096553

Get Book

Population, Land Use, and Environment by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Center for Economics, Governance, and International Studies,Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change,Panel on New Research on Population and the Environment Pdf

Population, Land Use, and Environment: Research Directions offers recommendations for future research to improve understanding of how changes in human populations affect the natural environment by means of changes in land use, such as deforestation, urban development, and development of coastal zones. It also features a set of state-of-the-art papers by leading researchers that analyze population-land useenvironment relationships in urban and rural settings in developed and underdeveloped countries and that show how remote sensing and other observational methods are being applied to these issues. This book will serve as a resource for researchers, research funders, and students.

Author : Banji Oyelaran-Oyeyinka,Kaushalesh Lal
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2016-09-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317199601

Get Book

Structural Transformation and Economic Development by Banji Oyelaran-Oyeyinka,Kaushalesh Lal Pdf

This book examines long-term structural changes and the broad impact on economic development in regional comparative perspectives. The book analyzes data across Africa, Asia and Latin America. It looks at key variables of productivity growth, industrialization, poverty, urbanization, and employment. This book is concerned with understanding structural change dynamics and how it affects job creation, living standards, and the efficiency of productive cities through manufacturing productivity growth that benefits majority of citizens. With empirical evidence from a selected number of developing countries including China, India, Brazil, Nigeria and South Africa, the book attempts to present the considerable structural changes of these countries over the last few decades. It highlights that growth without the expected job creation is one of the distinct features of growth in emerging and developing countries. It suggests that countries may well record economic growth, whether through within sector productivity increase or through structural change, but this may not necessarily lead to employment, an important concern for long-term development.

Author : F. Zhai
Publisher : Springer
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2009-02-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780230250604

Get Book

From Growth to Convergence by F. Zhai Pdf

The economic landscape of Asia has transformed in the past two decades. Regional economies are linked, and have achieved prosperity. The region must now look to the future. This book explores issues in Asia's long-term development, identifying conditions for sustained growth and income convergence.

Author : Machiko Nissanke,José Antonio Ocampo
Publisher : Springer
Page : 918 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2019-08-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783030140007

Get Book

The Palgrave Handbook of Development Economics by Machiko Nissanke,José Antonio Ocampo Pdf

This Handbook responds to the needs and aspirations of current and future generations of development economists by providing critical reference material alongside or in relation to mainstream propositions. Despite the potential of globalisation in accelerating growth and development in low and middle-income countries through the spread of technology, knowledge and information, its current practice in many parts of the world has led to processes that are socially, economically and politically and ecologically unsustainable. It is critical for development economists to engage with the pivotal question of how to change the nature and course of globalisation to make it work for inclusive and sustainable development. Applying a critical and pluralistic approach, the chapters in this Handbook examine economics of development paths under globalisation, focusing on sustainable development in social, environmental, institutional and political economy dimensions. It aims at advancing the frontier of development economics in these key aspects and generating more refined policy perspectives. It is critically reflective in examining effects of globalisation on development paths to date, and in terms of methodological and analytical approaches, as well as forward-thinking in policy perspectives with a view to laying a foundation for sustainable development.

Author : Edimon Ginting,Christopher Manning,Kiyoshi Taniguchi
Publisher : Asian Development Bank
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2018-02-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789292610791

Get Book

Indonesia by Edimon Ginting,Christopher Manning,Kiyoshi Taniguchi Pdf

The book focuses on Indonesia's most pressing labor market challenges and associated policy options to achieve higher and more inclusive economic growth. The challenges consist of creating jobs for and the skills in a youthful and increasingly better educated workforce, and raising the productivity of less-educated workers to meet the demands of the digital age. The book deals with a range of interrelated topics---the changing supply and demand for labor in relation to the shift of workers out of agriculture; urbanization and the growth of megacities; raising the quality of schooling for new jobs in the digital economy; and labor market policies to improve both labor standards and productivity.

Author : Prabhu Pingali,Anaka Aiyar,Mathew Abraham,Andaleeb Rahman
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2019-05-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 3030144089

Get Book

Transforming Food Systems for a Rising India by Prabhu Pingali,Anaka Aiyar,Mathew Abraham,Andaleeb Rahman Pdf

This open access book examines the interactions between India’s economic development, agricultural production, and nutrition through the lens of a “Food Systems Approach (FSA).” The Indian growth story is a paradoxical one. Despite economic progress over the past two decades, regional inequality, food insecurity and malnutrition problems persist. Simultaneously, recent trends in obesity along with micro-nutrient deficiency portend to a future public health crisis. This book explores various challenges and opportunities to achieve a nutrition-secure future through diversified production systems, improved health and hygiene environment and greater individual capability to access a balanced diet contributing to an increase in overall productivity. The authors bring together the latest data and scientific evidence from the country to map out the current state of food systems and nutrition outcomes. They place India within the context of other developing country experiences and highlight India’s status as an outlier in terms of the persistence of high levels of stunting while following global trends in obesity. This book discusses the policy and institutional interventions needed for promoting a nutrition-sensitive food system and the multi-sectoral strategies needed for simultaneously addressing the triple burden of malnutrition in India.

Author : Aradhna Aggarwal
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 343 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2024-03-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781003851424

Get Book

Special Economic Zones in South Asia by Aradhna Aggarwal Pdf

Growth‐enhancing structural change—a relocation of labour from low‐ to high‐productivity sectors—is increasingly perceived as inextricably linked with the sustainable development agenda. In the pursuit of structural change, policymakers have pinned their hopes on targeted policy tools such as special economic zones (SEZs). These geographically demarcated spaces designed to attract investment with a wide set of advantages have become de rigueur; however, a systematic evaluation of evidence‐informed policymaking is scarce due to conceptual and practical challenges. This book fills that gap and shows that SEZs are no ‘shortcut’ to economic development; their success in driving economic transformation depends on the complex interplay of sociopolitical, economic and strategic factors. This book contributes to the burgeoning literature on SEZs by providing the first systematic evaluation of the SEZ policy. It adopts the ‘policy cycle approach’ to organise policy evaluation into three hierarchical layers: input evaluation (agenda building), output evaluation (policy designs) and outcome evaluation (immediate effects of SEZs on firms’ behaviour and performance) with special reference to South Asian countries. The strategy is to bring together the findings of microeconomic evaluations to draw macro inferences on the contribution of SEZs to the broader objectives of structural transformation and competitiveness. Part I of the book delves into development challenges facing the region, lays out theoretical foundations underlying the relevance of SEZs in addressing them and examines the relevance of SEZs in the context of South Asia. Part II evaluates the policy first at systemic level to gauge whether and how the policy is rooted in broader development goals and then at the design level to examine the fit between the policy goals and designs. Part III presents a counterfactual evaluation of the impact of SEZs on investment climate; export competitiveness of firms; technology and innovation; and knowledge linkages of SEZ firms with the wider economy. The final chapter concludes by discussing the emerging challenges and the way forward. This will be a useful reference for academics, researchers, policymakers and professionals in international trade and business, public policy, industrial economics and regional integration.