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Aid Effectiveness in Africa by Phyllis R. Pomerantz Pdf
A significant contribution to the ongoing debate on aid effectiveness, this work examines the extent to which trust is present in today's aid relationships. Pomerantz offers valuable recommendations, learned in years of fieldwork and research, that have the potential to transform the way that aid agencies operate.
Aid Effectiveness in Africa by Phyllis R. Pomerantz Pdf
A significant contribution to the ongoing debate on aid effectiveness, Aid Effectiveness in Africa starts from the premise that money alone will not bring sustained development to Africa. With grounding in years of experience and fieldwork, Phyllis R. Pomerantz examines the relationship between aid donors and recipients and the extent to which trust is present in today's aid environment. Pomerantz concludes that there are serious gaps, created in part by a striking lack of knowledge of the African context and culture on the part of the donors, and troublesome institutional constraints that make it difficult for aid agencies to change the way they operate. Joining the urgent call to transform aid agencies and increase aid effectiveness, and eschewing pat solutions and simple formulae, the book offers realistic recommendations and provides an eloquent argument for further, far-reaching reform.
The Developmental Effectiveness of Aid to Africa by Tony Killick Pdf
Aid to Sub-Saharan Africa has been less effective in promoting economic development than has aid to other regions. Policies in the recipient countries of Africa - though certainly not the only factor - play the most important role in determining aid's effectiveness. At the heart of the problem is politics, and the solution rests in the hands of the people of Africa.
Problems, Promises, and Paradoxes of Aid by J. Oloka-Onyango,Nicolas van de Walle Pdf
This book is an anthology of essays contributing new scholarship to the contemporary discourse on the concept of aid. It provides an interdisciplinary investigation of the role of aid in African development, compiling the work of historians, political scientists, legal scholars, and economists to examine where aid has failed and to offer new perspectives on how aid can be made more effective. Questions regarding the effectiveness of aid are addressed here using specific case studies. The question of ownership is examined in the context of two debates: 1) to what extent should aid be designed by the recipient country itself? and 2) should aid focus on “need” or “performance”? That is, should donors direct aid to the poorest countries, regardless of their policies and governance, or should aid “reward” countries for doing the right thing? The future of aid is also addressed: should aid continue to be a part of the development agenda for countries in sub-Saharan Africa? If so, how much and what type of aid is needed, and how it can be made most effective? The major criticism against aid is that it cripples the recipient country’s economic growth by turning it into a passive receiver; in addition, it has been noted that aid is mostly supply-driven, depending upon donors rather than the actual needs of recipients. For this reason, aid may not meet the goals for which it was intended. To meet the needs of the communities they want to help, donors should work through consultation and a measure of recipient ownership. Donors need to understand context, to protect human rights, and to be guided by principles of social and environmental justice. Other suggested strategies for making aid more effective include peer review; self-assessment; the empowerment of women; encouraging accountability; investing in agriculture; helping smallholder subsistence farmers; introducing ethical and professional standards for civil service; and raising the competence of civil servants.
Aid, Taxation, and Development by Christopher S. Adam,Stephen A. O'Connell Pdf
Designing effective aid programs requires accurately diagnosing problems. Under current donor efforts to promote democratization and institutional development, the shift from policy to institutional conditionality reflects an attempt by Africa's donors to recast the aid relationship from one that at best secures temporary policy changes to one that permanently alters institutions in favor of sustained growth and development. The design of effective aid programs depends on the diagnosis of the problem. To say that institutional failures are central to Africa's poor economic performance is not to repudiate early interpretations based on policy failures and capital shortages. Institutional failures produce policy failures that in turn produce capital shortages or the equivalent. Adam and O'Connell focus on the core of the evolving (mainly external) diagnosis of the African development problem, making these main points, among others: * Tax and taxlike distortions tend to be high and volatile in Africa. These influence the allocation of national wealth and can reduce both the level and productivity of domestic investment. The composition of domestic investment seems to be more important in explaining poor African growth than the level of domestic investment. * Policy-generated uncertainty (under-emphasized in the literature) can activate socially inefficient self-insurance mechanisms that reduce growth. When leaders have substantial discretion about policy, as they do in most African countries, executive transitions become a major source of uncertainty. * Patronage is heavily used in African systems of personal rule. Governments use distortionary taxes to finance transfers to politically powerful groups. * A government that is captive to a favored group will trade off growth for transfers, if the group is small enough relative to the government's disposable resources. In such a case, conditional aid can be ineffective in spurring growth and investment, even when the potential gains from aid are great. * Conditionality is required to secure the gains from aid when nonrepresentative political structures generate a conflict of interest between donors and recipient governments. When donors are in a strong bargaining position, conditionality agreements that mandate a reduction in distortionary taxes will also require that some part of lost revenues be made up by cuts in politically motivated transfers. But policy conditionality is difficult to enforce and even when perfectly enforceable is subject to the problem of aid dependency. * To avoid aid dependency, donors must focus on conditionality that shifts the no aid point. Under current donor efforts to promote democratization and institutional development, the shift from policy to institutional conditionality reflects an attempt by Africa's donors to recast the aid relationship from one that at best secures temporary policy changes to one that permanently alters institutions in favor of sustained growth and development. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of the research project Analytical Perspectives on Aid Effectiveness in Sub-Saharan Africa (RPO 680-18). The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget.
Improving Aid to Africa by Nicolas Van de Walle,Timothy A. Johnston Pdf
As foreign aid flows decline and skepticism toward the effectiveness of aid to Africa grows, a major reassessment of aid is needed. While the ineffectiveness of aid to Africa is a long-standing concern, past studies typically have been driven bydonor priorities and have rarely focused on recipient governments. This neglect of the role of African governments is remarkable, since aid constitutes 10 to 15 percent of GNP in many African countries and often represents over half of all public investment. If the impact of official development assistance (ODA) is to be improved, recipient governments must become more involved in the reform of aid. This essay presents the policy findings of a collaborative project of field research and analyses of how African countries use aid resources and of donor/African relations. "The widespread belief of free market economists and nongovernmental organizations that government is the problem and not part of the solution has become a self-fulfilling prophesy in Africa,"writes van de Walle and Johnston, "donors must devote greater attention and resources to help build the capacity of African Governments to effectively manage aid, even as they encourage the central state to retrench from nonessential functions." The study assesses current donor practices and the impact of economic crisis on aid effectiveness in the region; and it offers recommendations to promote management capacity, focusing on the integration of aid resources in development management, sectoral specialization, and public dialogue on aid.
Aid and Reform in Africa by Shantayanan Devarajan,David Dollar,Torgny Holmgren Pdf
Finally, when the country enters the second generation of reforms, such as public sector institutional reform, short-term, conditionality-based aid can once again be harmful - by reducing ownership, participation, and sustainability of the reform process."--BOOK JACKET.
Africa is poor. If we send it money it will be less poor. It seems perfectly logical, doesn't it? Millions of people in the rich world, moved by images on television and appalled by the miserable conditions endured by so many in other countries, have joined campaigns to persuade their governments to double aid to Africa and help put an end to such shameful inequality. It seems simple. But it isn't. In this book, Jonathan Glennie argues that, along with its many benefits, government aid to Africa has often meant more poverty, more hungry people, worse basic services and damage to already precarious democratic institutions. Moreover, calls for more aid are drowning out pressure for action that would really make a difference for Africa’s poor. Rather than doubling aid to Africa, it is time to reduce aid dependency. Through an honest assessment of both the positive and negative consequences of aid, this book will show you why.
Aid to Africa: Redeemer Or Coloniser? by Hakima Abbas,Yves Niyiragira Pdf
The current global economic crisisresurges the debate on aid to Africathe largest global recipientandthis comprehensive volume explores the premise, history, and foundation upon which the concept of aid is based. It considers aid's relationship to the broader development discourse in Africa, the politics and power dynamics of aid mechanisms, and how the emergence of powers such as China and India are redefining the global aid architecture. Diverse perspectives are shown from African social commentators, academics, and activists, including Demba Moussa Dembele, Patrick Bond, Samir Amin, and Charles Mutasa."
Aid and Conditionality: Enhancing Good Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa by Fidelis Etah Ewane Pdf
Master's Thesis from the year 2004 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Africa, grade: Merit, University of Kent, 55 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: The persistent low state of development in sub-Saharan Africa has become a global challenge. Academics and think-tanks continue to search for solutions to Africa's longstanding problems. Studies have proven that the entire region is essentially confronted with a crisis of social structures and government and the fragmentation of authority is the hallmark of this crisis (Van Hoyweghen & Smis, 2002:575). Over twenty-four million people are infected with AIDS/HIV, growth of per capita income is low and civil wars have killed millions in Rwanda, Burundi, Liberia, Sierra Leone and the Democratic Republic of Congo. African governments owe billions of dollars in debt (Polanyi, 2003:563). This irreversible trend brought the good governance discourse in development cooperation between the donors and African counterparts. The purpose of this paper is to examine how the concept of good governance is being implemented in Africa. For clarity purposes, the work is limited to the analysis of the efforts being made by the European Union (EU) and the World Bank in assisting African countries to implement good governance. This choice is based on the fact that the EU and World Bank are the main multilateral aid donors and development partners of the region. It argues that good governance enhances transparency in the use of development aid, helps to reduce poverty and spurs development, and that it is necessary to foster institutional reforms (causative argument). The paper further argues that implementing good governance will improve the use of political power by leaders and help in the consolidation of peace (normative argument). Achieving global governance is a main issue in international politics today. Enforcing good governance is a must if Africa has to be fully integrated into
In the past fifty years, more than $1 trillion in development-related aid has been transferred from rich countries to Africa. Has this assistance improved the lives of Africans? No. In fact, across the continent, the recipients of this aid are not better off as a result of it, but worse—much worse. In Dead Aid, Dambisa Moyo describes the state of postwar development policy in Africa today and unflinchingly confronts one of the greatest myths of our time: that billions of dollars in aid sent from wealthy countries to developing African nations has helped to reduce poverty and increase growth. In fact, poverty levels continue to escalate and growth rates have steadily declined—and millions continue to suffer. Provocatively drawing a sharp contrast between African countries that have rejected the aid route and prospered and others that have become aid-dependent and seen poverty increase, Moyo illuminates the way in which overreliance on aid has trapped developing nations in a vicious circle of aid dependency, corruption, market distortion, and further poverty, leaving them with nothing but the "need" for more aid. Debunking the current model of international aid promoted by both Hollywood celebrities and policy makers, Moyo offers a bold new road map for financing development of the world's poorest countries that guarantees economic growth and a significant decline in poverty—without reliance on foreign aid or aid-related assistance. Dead Aid is an unsettling yet optimistic work, a powerful challenge to the assumptions and arguments that support a profoundly misguided development policy in Africa. And it is a clarion call to a new, more hopeful vision of how to address the desperate poverty that plagues millions.
Smart Aid for African Development by Richard A. Joseph,Alexandra Gillies Pdf
Despite hundreds of billions of dollars spent on foreign aid to sub-Saharan Africa, a sure path to growth and development has not yet been found - and each new heralded approach has crumbled amid regrets and recriminations. The authors of "Smart Aid for African Development" provide critical assessments of the main components of foreign assistance, considering how smarter use can be made of available resources to advance growth and democracy, rebuild war-torn societies, and reduce the crippling poverty that underlies many of the continent's fierce conflicts. A critical assessment of the main components of foreign aid to sub-Saharan Africa, considering how smarter use can be made of available resources to advance growth and democracy, rebuild war-torn societies, and reduce the crippling poverty that pervades the continent.
