Air Pollution Sources Statistics And Health Effects

Author : Michael Evan Goodsite,Matthew Stanley Johnson,Ole Hertel
Publisher : Springer
Page : 521 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2020-09-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 1071605976

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Air Pollution Sources, Statistics and Health Effects by Michael Evan Goodsite,Matthew Stanley Johnson,Ole Hertel Pdf

This volume of the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Second Edition, provides a broad and comprehensive view of air pollution, extending from ground-level, localized air quality and regional and global air quality and effects, to sensors and measurement and air pollution control. Despite substantial improvements in many parts of the world, globally, air pollution remains the most hazardous environmental threat. The increasing quality of exposure assessments, access to new and better statistical methods, and more complete and precise health data have led to stronger associations between air pollution exposure and health effects. Air pollution exposure-effect relationships have now been established for a wide variety of health outcomes, and well documented through parallel studies in many countries around the world using a variety of approaches and methodologies. Assessments of the health effects in the population are now performed on a routine basis in many countries and by many agencies, and often these also include calculation of externalities associated with the negative health effects. Such knowledge is essential for pushing development towards a more sustainable society. This volume covers topics including, but not limited to, basic knowledge to understand foundational concepts and drivers of regional and global air pollution in relation to air quality and ways to sense, measure and control pollutants, while placing this knowledge into the perspectives of health and technological systems.

Author : Rajat Sethi
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Air
ISBN : 1624177352

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Air Pollution by Rajat Sethi Pdf

Industrial pollution is the largest fountain of air offences in most of the developed world. Statistics from the US Environmental Agency confirm that more than half of the nations total pollution is courtesy of industry. What's more, six out of every ten people in the United States live in urban areas and are currently inhaling these bi-products. Quintessential to this end, is prevention through education; the goal of this publication.

Author : Haneen Khreis,Mark Nieuwenhuijsen,Josias Zietsman,Tara Ramani
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 650 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2020-08-20
Category : Transportation
ISBN : 9780128181232

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Traffic-Related Air Pollution by Haneen Khreis,Mark Nieuwenhuijsen,Josias Zietsman,Tara Ramani Pdf

Traffic-Related Air Pollution synthesizes and maps TRAP and its impact on human health at the individual and population level. The book analyzes mitigating standards and regulations with a focus on cities. It provides the methods and tools for assessing and quantifying the associated road traffic emissions, air pollution, exposure and population-based health impacts, while also illuminating the mechanisms underlying health impacts through clinical and toxicological research. Real-world implications are set alongside policy options, emerging technologies and best practices. Finally, the book recommends ways to influence discourse and policy to better account for the health impacts of TRAP and its societal costs. Overviews existing and emerging tools to assess TRAP’s public health impacts Examines TRAP’s health effects at the population level Explores the latest technologies and policies--alongside their potential effectiveness and adverse consequences--for mitigating TRAP Guides on how methods and tools can leverage teaching, practice and policymaking to ameliorate TRAP and its effects

Author : Stephen T. Holgate,Hillel S. Koren,Jonathan M. Samet,Robert L. Maynard
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 1065 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1999-04-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780080526928

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Air Pollution and Health by Stephen T. Holgate,Hillel S. Koren,Jonathan M. Samet,Robert L. Maynard Pdf

Concern about the impact of air pollution has led governments and local authorities across the world to regulate, among other things, the burning of fossil fuels, industrial effluence, cigarette smoke, and aerosols. This legislation has often followed dramatic findings about the impact of pollution on human health. At the same time there have been significant developments in our ability to detect and quantify pollutants and a proliferation of urban and rural air pollution networks to monitor levels of atmospheric contamination. Air Pollution and Health is the first fully comprehensive and current account of air pollution science and it impact on human health. It ranges in scope from meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, and particle physics to the causes and scope of allergic reactions and respiratory, cardiovascular, and related disorders. The book has substantial international coverage and includes sections on cost implications, risk assessment, regulation, standards, and information networks. The multidisciplinary approach and the wide range of issues covered makes this an essential book for all concerned with monitoring and regulating air pollution as well as those concerned with its impact on human health. Only comprehensive text covering all the important air pollutants and relating these to human health and regulatory bodies Brings together a wide range of issues concerning air pollution in an easily accessible format Contributions from government agencies in the US and UK provide information on public policy and resource networks in the areas of health promotion and environmental protection

Author : Dorothy Foster,Gary Kahn
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 142 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Air
ISBN : RUTGERS:39030011509108

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Community Air Pollution by Dorothy Foster,Gary Kahn Pdf

Author : Nuno Canha,Marta Almeida,Evangelia Diapouli
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2021-08-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783036510828

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Integrated Human Exposure to Air Pollution by Nuno Canha,Marta Almeida,Evangelia Diapouli Pdf

The book “Integrated human exposure to air pollution” aimed to increase knowledge about human exposure in different micro-environments, or when citizens are performing specific tasks, to demonstrate methodologies for the understanding of pollution sources and their impact on indoor and ambient air quality, and, ultimately, to identify the most effective mitigation measures to decrease human exposure and protect public health. Taking advantage of the latest available tools, such as internet of things (IoT), low-cost sensors and a wide access to online platforms and apps by the citizens, new methodologies and approaches can be implemented to understand which factors can influence human exposure to air pollution. This knowledge, when made available to the citizens, along with the awareness of the impact of air pollution on human life and earth systems, can empower them to act, individually or collectively, to promote behavioral changes aiming to reduce pollutants’ emissions. Overall, this book gathers fourteen innovative studies that provide new insights regarding these important topics within the scope of human exposure to air pollution. A total of five main areas were discussed and explored within this book and, hopefully, can contribute to the advance of knowledge in this field.

Author : Weltgesundheitsorganisation,World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2021-09-07
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9789240034228

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WHO global air quality guidelines by Weltgesundheitsorganisation,World Health Organization Pdf

The main objective of these updated global guidelines is to offer health-based air quality guideline levels, expressed as long-term or short-term concentrations for six key air pollutants: PM2.5, PM10, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. In addition, the guidelines provide interim targets to guide reduction efforts of these pollutants, as well as good practice statements for the management of certain types of PM (i.e., black carbon/elemental carbon, ultrafine particles, particles originating from sand and duststorms). These guidelines are not legally binding standards; however, they provide WHO Member States with an evidence-informed tool, which they can use to inform legislation and policy. Ultimately, the goal of these guidelines is to help reduce levels of air pollutants in order to decrease the enormous health burden resulting from the exposure to air pollution worldwide.

Author : Rajat Sethi
Publisher : Nova Publishers
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2014-05-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 1624177468

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Air Pollution by Rajat Sethi Pdf

Industrial pollution is the largest fountain of air offenses in most of the developed world. Statistics from the U.S. Environmental Agency confirm that more than half of the nation's total pollution is courtesy of industry. What's more, six out of every ten people in the United States live in urban areas and are currently inhaling these bi-products. The consequence of air misuse is glaring: approximately four percent of all deaths in the United States are attributed to air pollution. This book highlights the sources and effects of air pollution, and also puts forth solutions. Successful pollution prevention is essential to our future well-being. Quintessential to this end, is prevention through education; the goal of this publication.

Author : Pallavi Saxena,Vaishali Naik
Publisher : CABI
Page : 233 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2018-12-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781786393890

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Air Pollution by Pallavi Saxena,Vaishali Naik Pdf

Air pollution has become a major global issue due to rapid industrialization, human population growth and increasing urbanization. The various sources of atmospheric pollutants, both those created by human activity and those from natural physical and biological processes, have become the focus of much scientific research and analysis. An understanding of how these many pollutants are affecting air quality is essential in order to design strategies to mitigate them. Written by a team of international experts, this book aims to provide a broad overview of the issues surrounding air pollution and how to control and monitor pollution levels. Beginning with a brief background on the subject, the book moves on to discuss global emissions, with an emphasis on megacities and their effects. Possible pollution control measures and methods of air pollution measurement and modelling are also explored. The book ends with descriptions of the various indices used for assessing air quality with a focus on human health impacts, and a discussion on policy making to control air pollution. The book will be useful to students of environmental science and atmospheric science, as well as environmental consultants and researchers interested in air quality . Key Features: Comprehensive introduction to the primary causes of air pollution today with an emphasis on growing urban populations and megacities Discusses both anthropogenic and biogenic emissions and their effects on human health and the environment Gives an overview of indices used today for assessing air quality and describes current methods for air pollution monitoring and modelling Discusses new technologies for mitigating the effects of air pollution and policy making for implementation of controls

Author : World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe
Publisher : WHO Regional Office Europe
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9289013516

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Monitoring Ambient Air Quality for Health Impact Assessment by World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe Pdf

A guide to the principles and methods of air quality assessment aimed at measuring population exposure to ambient air pollutants and estimating the effects on health. Addressed to policy-makers as well as scientists engaged in air quality monitoring, the book responds to the failure of most monitoring systems to provide data that are useful in estimating and managing threats to health. The need for exposure data on populations at special risk is also addressed. Throughout, emphasis is placed on methods of monitoring and modelling that are cost-effective, targeted, and appropriate to local and national conditions. The report has six chapters. The first introduces WHO activities related to air quality management and explains the need for monitoring systems capable of assessing health impact. The types of information required for health impact assessment are described in chapter two, which outlines several methods of monitoring and modelling that can be used to measure the level and distribution of exposure to air pollutants in populations, identify population groups with high exposure, and estimate adverse effects on health. Chapter three formulates a general concept of air quality assessment, offering advice on principles for designing a monitoring network, interpreting and reporting data, and solving problems with quality assurance. Also included is a comparison of the advantages, disadvantages, and costs of different methods for air quality monitoring. Against this background, the fourth and most extensive chapter describes specific methods for the monitoring of carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, lead, and atmospheric cadmium. Monitoring strategies for each pollutant are presented according to a standard format, which covers health effects, sources and exposure patterns, monitoring methods, recommended strategies for monitoring and assessment, and a practical example. The remaining chapters offer advice on the collation, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data, and summarize the main conclusions and recommendations of the report. Detailed technical guidelines for the use of various methods and models are provided in a series of annexes. The report also reproduces the newly revised WHO air quality guidelines for Europe.

Author : Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chinese Academy of Engineering,National Research Council,National Academy of Engineering,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Energy Futures and Air Pollution in Urban China and the United States
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2008-01-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309178839

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Energy Futures and Urban Air Pollution by Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chinese Academy of Engineering,National Research Council,National Academy of Engineering,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Energy Futures and Air Pollution in Urban China and the United States Pdf

The United States and China are the top two energy consumers in the world. As a consequence, they are also the top two emitters of numerous air pollutants which have local, regional, and global impacts. Urbanization has led to serious air pollution problems in U.S. and Chinese cities; although U.S. cities continues to face challenges, the lessons they have learned in managing energy use and air quality are relevant to the Chinese experience. This report summarizes current trends, profiles two U.S. and two Chinese cities, and recommends key actions to enable each country to continue to improve urban air quality.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 497 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789289021920

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Air Quality Guidelines by World Health Organization Pdf

This book presents revised guideline values for the four most common air pollutants - particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide - based on a recent review of the accumulated scientific evidence. The rationale for selection of each guideline value is supported by a synthesis of information emerging from research on the health effects of each pollutant. As a result, these guidelines now also apply globally. They can be read in conjunction with Air quality guidelines for Europe, 2nd edition, which is still the authority on guideline values for all other air pollutants. As well as revised guideline values, this book makes a brief yet comprehensive review of the issues affecting the application of the guidelines in risk assessment and policy development. Further, it summarizes information on: . pollution sources and levels in various parts of the world, . population exposure and characteristics affecting sensitivity to pollution, . methods for quantifying the health burden of air pollution, and . the use of guidelines in developing air quality standards and other policy tools. Finally, the special case of indoor air pollution is explored. Prepared by a large team of renowned international experts who considered conditions in various parts of the globe, these guidelines are applicable throughout the world. They provide reliable guidance for policy-makers everywhere when considering the various options for air quality management.

Author : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air and Radiation,U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Air quality
ISBN : UCR:31210012668610

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The Inside Story by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air and Radiation,U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Pdf

Author : Wael Al-Delaimy,Veerabhadran Ramanathan,Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 417 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2020-05-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030311254

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Health of People, Health of Planet and Our Responsibility by Wael Al-Delaimy,Veerabhadran Ramanathan,Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo Pdf

This open access book not only describes the challenges of climate disruption, but also presents solutions. The challenges described include air pollution, climate change, extreme weather, and related health impacts that range from heat stress, vector-borne diseases, food and water insecurity and chronic diseases to malnutrition and mental well-being. The influence of humans on climate change has been established through extensive published evidence and reports. However, the connections between climate change, the health of the planet and the impact on human health have not received the same level of attention. Therefore, the global focus on the public health impacts of climate change is a relatively recent area of interest. This focus is timely since scientists have concluded that changes in climate have led to new weather extremes such as floods, storms, heat waves, droughts and fires, in turn leading to more than 600,000 deaths and the displacement of nearly 4 billion people in the last 20 years. Previous work on the health impacts of climate change was limited mostly to epidemiologic approaches and outcomes and focused less on multidisciplinary, multi-faceted collaborations between physical scientists, public health researchers and policy makers. Further, there was little attention paid to faith-based and ethical approaches to the problem. The solutions and actions we explore in this book engage diverse sectors of civil society, faith leadership, and political leadership, all oriented by ethics, advocacy, and policy with a special focus on poor and vulnerable populations. The book highlights areas we think will resonate broadly with the public, faith leaders, researchers and students across disciplines including the humanities, and policy makers.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on the Significance of International Transport of Air Pollutants
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2010-02-15
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309144018

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Global Sources of Local Pollution by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on the Significance of International Transport of Air Pollutants Pdf

Recent advances in air pollution monitoring and modeling capabilities have made it possible to show that air pollution can be transported long distances and that adverse impacts of emitted pollutants cannot be confined to one country or even one continent. Pollutants from traffic, cooking stoves, and factories emitted half a world away can make the air we inhale today more hazardous for our health. The relative importance of this "imported" pollution is likely to increase, as emissions in developing countries grow, and air quality standards in industrial countries are tightened. Global Sources of Local Pollution examines the impact of the long-range transport of four key air pollutants (ozone, particulate matter, mercury, and persistent organic pollutants) on air quality and pollutant deposition in the United States. It also explores the environmental impacts of U.S. emissions on other parts of the world. The book recommends that the United States work with the international community to develop an integrated system for determining pollution sources and impacts and to design effective response strategies. This book will be useful to international, federal, state, and local policy makers responsible for understanding and managing air pollution and its impacts on human health and well-being.