Algorithmic Regulation

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Algorithmic Regulation

Author : Karen Yeung,Martin Lodge
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2019-09-05
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780198838494

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Algorithmic Regulation by Karen Yeung,Martin Lodge Pdf

As the power and sophistication of of "big data" and predictive analytics has continued to expand, so too has policy and public concern about the use of algorithms in contemporary life. This is hardly surprising given our increasing reliance on algorithms in daily life, touching policy sectorsfrom healthcare, transport, finance, consumer retail, manufacturing education, and employment through to public service provision and the operation of the criminal justice system. This has prompted concerns about the need and importance of holding algorithmic power to account, yet it is far fromclear that existing legal and other oversight mechanisms are up to the task.This collection of essays, edited by two leading regulatory governance scholars, offers a critical exploration of "algorithmic regulation", understood both as a means for co-ordinating and regulating social action and decision-making, as well as the need for institutional mechanisms through whichthe power of algorithms and algorithmic systems might themselves be regulated. It offers a unique perspective that is likely to become a significant reference point for the ever-growing debates about the power of algorithms in daily life in the worlds of research, policy and practice. The range ofcontributors are drawn from a broad range of disciplinary perspectives including law, public administration, applied philosophy, data science and artificial intelligence. Taken together, they highlight the rise of algorithmic power, the potential benefits and risks associated with this power, theway in which Sheila Jasanoff's long-standing claim that "technology is politics" has been thrown into sharp relief by the speed and scale at which algorithmic systems are proliferating, and the urgent need for wider public debate and engagement of their underlying values and value trade-offs, theway in which they affect individual and collective decision-making and action, and effective and legitimate mechanisms by and through which algorithmic power is held to account.

Algorithmic Rule By Law

Author : Nathalie A. Smuha
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2024-07-31
Category : Law
ISBN : 1009427466

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Algorithmic Rule By Law by Nathalie A. Smuha Pdf

With the promise of greater efficiency and effectiveness, public authorities have increasingly turned to algorithmic systems to regulate and govern society. In Algorithmic Rule By Law, Nathalie Smuha examines this reliance on algorithmic regulation and shows how it can erode the rule of law. Drawing on extensive research and examples, Smuha argues that outsourcing important administrative decisions to algorithmic systems undermines core principles of democracy. Smuha further demonstrates that this risk is far from hypothetical or one that can be relegated to authoritarian regimes, as many of her examples are drawn from public authorities in liberal democracies that are already making use of algorithmic regulation. Focusing on the European Union, Smuha argues that the EU's digital agenda is misaligned with its aim to protect the rule of law. Novel and timely, this book should be read by anyone interested in the intersection of law, technology, and government.

Algorithmic Regulation

Author : Karen Yeung,Martin Lodge
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2019-09-05
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780192575432

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Algorithmic Regulation by Karen Yeung,Martin Lodge Pdf

As the power and sophistication of of 'big data' and predictive analytics has continued to expand, so too has policy and public concern about the use of algorithms in contemporary life. This is hardly surprising given our increasing reliance on algorithms in daily life, touching policy sectors from healthcare, transport, finance, consumer retail, manufacturing education, and employment through to public service provision and the operation of the criminal justice system. This has prompted concerns about the need and importance of holding algorithmic power to account, yet it is far from clear that existing legal and other oversight mechanisms are up to the task. This collection of essays, edited by two leading regulatory governance scholars, offers a critical exploration of 'algorithmic regulation', understood both as a means for co-ordinating and regulating social action and decision-making, as well as the need for institutional mechanisms through which the power of algorithms and algorithmic systems might themselves be regulated. It offers a unique perspective that is likely to become a significant reference point for the ever-growing debates about the power of algorithms in daily life in the worlds of research, policy and practice. The range of contributors are drawn from a broad range of disciplinary perspectives including law, public administration, applied philosophy, data science and artificial intelligence. Taken together, they highlight the rise of algorithmic power, the potential benefits and risks associated with this power, the way in which Sheila Jasanoff's long-standing claim that 'technology is politics' has been thrown into sharp relief by the speed and scale at which algorithmic systems are proliferating, and the urgent need for wider public debate and engagement of their underlying values and value trade-offs, the way in which they affect individual and collective decision-making and action, and effective and legitimate mechanisms by and through which algorithmic power is held to account.

Imposing Regulation on Advanced Algorithms

Author : Fotios Fitsilis
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2019-09-03
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783030279790

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Imposing Regulation on Advanced Algorithms by Fotios Fitsilis Pdf

This book discusses the necessity and perhaps urgency for the regulation of algorithms on which new technologies rely; technologies that have the potential to re-shape human societies. From commerce and farming to medical care and education, it is difficult to find any aspect of our lives that will not be affected by these emerging technologies. At the same time, artificial intelligence, deep learning, machine learning, cognitive computing, blockchain, virtual reality and augmented reality, belong to the fields most likely to affect law and, in particular, administrative law. The book examines universally applicable patterns in administrative decisions and judicial rulings. First, similarities and divergence in behavior among the different cases are identified by analyzing parameters ranging from geographical location and administrative decisions to judicial reasoning and legal basis. As it turns out, in several of the cases presented, sources of general law, such as competition or labor law, are invoked as a legal basis, due to the lack of current specialized legislation. This book also investigates the role and significance of national and indeed supranational regulatory bodies for advanced algorithms and considers ENISA, an EU agency that focuses on network and information security, as an interesting candidate for a European regulator of advanced algorithms. Lastly, it discusses the involvement of representative institutions in algorithmic regulation.

Algorithms and Law

Author : Martin Ebers,Susana Navas
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2020-07-23
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781108424820

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Algorithms and Law by Martin Ebers,Susana Navas Pdf

Exploring issues from big-data to robotics, this volume is the first to comprehensively examine the regulatory implications of AI technology.

Algorithms of Oppression

Author : Safiya Umoja Noble
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2018-02-20
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781479837243

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Algorithms of Oppression by Safiya Umoja Noble Pdf

Acknowledgments -- Introduction: the power of algorithms -- A society, searching -- Searching for Black girls -- Searching for people and communities -- Searching for protections from search engines -- The future of knowledge in the public -- The future of information culture -- Conclusion: algorithms of oppression -- Epilogue -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the author

Algorithmic Regulation

Author : Karen Yeung
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1305201180

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Algorithmic Regulation by Karen Yeung Pdf

Innovations in networked digital communications technologies, including the rise of 'Big Data', ubiquitous computing and cloud storage systems, may be giving rise to a new system of social ordering known as algorithmic regulation. Algorithmic regulation refers to decision-making systems that regulate a domain of activity in order to manage risk or alter behaviour through continual computational generation of knowledge by systematically collecting data (in real time on a continuous basis) emitted directly from numerous dynamic components pertaining to the regulated environment in order to identify and, if necessary, automatically refine (or prompt refinement of) the system's operations to attain a pre-specified goal. It provides a descriptive analysis of algorithmic regulation, classifying these decision-making systems as either reactive or pre-emptive, and offers a taxonomy that identifies 8 different forms of algorithmic regulation based on their configuration at each of the three stages of the cybernetic process: notably, at the level of standard setting (adaptive vs. fixed behavioural standards); information-gathering and monitoring (historic data vs. predictions based on inferred data) and at the level of sanction and behavioural change (automatic execution vs. recommender systems). It maps the contours of several emerging debates surrounding algorithmic regulation, drawing upon insights from regulatory governance studies, legal critiques, surveillance studies and critical data studies to highlight various concerns about the legitimacy of algorithmic regulation.

Algorithmic Governance and Governance of Algorithms

Author : Martin Ebers,Marta Cantero Gamito
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2020-10-08
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783030505592

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Algorithmic Governance and Governance of Algorithms by Martin Ebers,Marta Cantero Gamito Pdf

Algorithms are now widely employed to make decisions that have increasingly far-reaching impacts on individuals and society as a whole (“algorithmic governance”), which could potentially lead to manipulation, biases, censorship, social discrimination, violations of privacy, property rights, and more. This has sparked a global debate on how to regulate AI and robotics (“governance of algorithms”). This book discusses both of these key aspects: the impact of algorithms, and the possibilities for future regulation.

Algorithmic Antitrust

Author : Aurelien Portuese
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2022-01-21
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783030858599

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Algorithmic Antitrust by Aurelien Portuese Pdf

Algorithms are ubiquitous in our daily lives. They affect the way we shop, interact, and make exchanges on the marketplace. In this regard, algorithms can also shape competition on the marketplace. Companies employ algorithms as technologically innovative tools in an effort to edge out competitors. Antitrust agencies have increasingly recognized the competitive benefits, but also competitive risks that algorithms entail. Over the last few years, many algorithm-driven companies in the digital economy have been investigated, prosecuted and fined, mostly for allegedly unfair algorithm design. Legislative proposals aim at regulating the way algorithms shape competition. Consequently, a so-called “algorithmic antitrust” theory and practice have also emerged. This book provides a more innovation-driven perspective on the way antitrust agencies should approach algorithmic antitrust. To date, the analysis of algorithmic antitrust has predominantly been shaped by pessimistic approaches to the risks of algorithms on the competitive environment. With the benefit of the lessons learned over the last few years, this book assesses whether these risks have actually materialized and whether antitrust laws need to be adapted accordingly. Effective algorithmic antitrust requires to adequately assess the pro- and anti-competitive effects of algorithms on the basis of concrete evidence and innovation-related concerns. With a particular emphasis on the European perspective, this book brings together experts and scrutinizes on the implications of algorithmic antitrust for regulation and innovation.

The Ethical Algorithm

Author : Michael Kearns,Aaron Roth
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2019-10-04
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780190948214

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The Ethical Algorithm by Michael Kearns,Aaron Roth Pdf

Over the course of a generation, algorithms have gone from mathematical abstractions to powerful mediators of daily life. Algorithms have made our lives more efficient, more entertaining, and, sometimes, better informed. At the same time, complex algorithms are increasingly violating the basic rights of individual citizens. Allegedly anonymized datasets routinely leak our most sensitive personal information; statistical models for everything from mortgages to college admissions reflect racial and gender bias. Meanwhile, users manipulate algorithms to "game" search engines, spam filters, online reviewing services, and navigation apps. Understanding and improving the science behind the algorithms that run our lives is rapidly becoming one of the most pressing issues of this century. Traditional fixes, such as laws, regulations and watchdog groups, have proven woefully inadequate. Reporting from the cutting edge of scientific research, The Ethical Algorithm offers a new approach: a set of principled solutions based on the emerging and exciting science of socially aware algorithm design. Michael Kearns and Aaron Roth explain how we can better embed human principles into machine code - without halting the advance of data-driven scientific exploration. Weaving together innovative research with stories of citizens, scientists, and activists on the front lines, The Ethical Algorithm offers a compelling vision for a future, one in which we can better protect humans from the unintended impacts of algorithms while continuing to inspire wondrous advances in technology.

Smart Cities in the Post-algorithmic Era

Author : Nicos Komninos,Christina Kakderi
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2019-12-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781789907056

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Smart Cities in the Post-algorithmic Era by Nicos Komninos,Christina Kakderi Pdf

Examining the changing nature of cities in the face of smart technology, this book studies key new challenges and capabilities defined by the Internet of Things, data science, blockchain and artificial intelligence. It argues that using algorithmic logic alone for automation and optimisation in modern smart cities is not sufficient, and analyses the importance of integrating this with strong participatory governance and digital platforms for community action.

Constitutional Challenges in the Algorithmic Society

Author : Hans-W. Micklitz,Oreste Pollicino,Amnon Reichman,Andrea Simoncini,Giovanni Sartor,Giovanni De Gregorio
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2021-12-02
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781108843126

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Constitutional Challenges in the Algorithmic Society by Hans-W. Micklitz,Oreste Pollicino,Amnon Reichman,Andrea Simoncini,Giovanni Sartor,Giovanni De Gregorio Pdf

How can the law address the constitutional challenges of the algorithmic society? This volume provides possible solutions.

The Algorithmic Society

Author : Marc Schuilenburg,Rik Peeters
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780429536991

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The Algorithmic Society by Marc Schuilenburg,Rik Peeters Pdf

We live in an algorithmic society. Algorithms have become the main mediator through which power is enacted in our society. This book brings together three academic fields – Public Administration, Criminal Justice and Urban Governance – into a single conceptual framework, and offers a broad cultural-political analysis, addressing critical and ethical issues of algorithms. Governments are increasingly turning towards algorithms to predict criminality, deliver public services, allocate resources, and calculate recidivism rates. Mind-boggling amounts of data regarding our daily actions are analysed to make decisions that manage, control, and nudge our behaviour in everyday life. The contributions in this book offer a broad analysis of the mechanisms and social implications of algorithmic governance. Reporting from the cutting edge of scientific research, the result is illuminating and useful for understanding the relations between algorithms and power.Topics covered include: Algorithmic governmentality Transparency and accountability Fairness in criminal justice and predictive policing Principles of good digital administration Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the smart city This book is essential reading for students and scholars of Sociology, Criminology, Public Administration, Political Sciences, and Cultural Theory interested in the integration of algorithms into the governance of society.

Data-centric Living

Author : V. Sridhar
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2021-11-29
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000483123

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Data-centric Living by V. Sridhar Pdf

This book explores how data about our everyday online behaviour are collected and how they are processed in various ways by algorithms powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). The book investigates the socioeconomic effects of these technologies, and the evolving regulatory landscape that is aiming to nurture the positive effects of these technology evolutions while at the same time curbing possible negative practices. The volume scrutinizes growing concerns on how algorithmic decisions can sometimes be biased and discriminative; how autonomous systems can possibly disrupt and impact the labour markets, resulting in job losses in several traditional sectors while creating unprecedented opportunities in others; the rapid evolution of social media that can be addictive at times resulting in associated mental health issues; and the way digital Identities are evolving around the world and their impact on provisioning of government services. The book also provides an in-depth understanding of regulations around the world to protect privacy of data subjects in the online world; a glimpse of how data is used as a digital public good in combating Covid pandemic; and how ethical standards in autonomous systems are evolving in the digital world. A timely intervention in this fast-evolving field, this book will be useful for scholars and researchers of digital humanities, business and management, internet studies, data sciences, political studies, urban sociology, law, media and cultural studies, sociology, cultural anthropology, and science and technology studies. It will also be of immense interest to the general readers seeking insights on daily digital lives.

Information Technology Law

Author : Andrew Murray
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 735 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2019-07-04
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780198804727

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Information Technology Law by Andrew Murray Pdf

Information Technology Law is the ideal companion for a course of study on IT law and the ways in which it is evolving in response to rapid technological and social change. The fourth edition of this ground-breaking textbook develops its unique examination of the legal processes and their relationship to the modern 'information society'. Charting the development of the rapid digitization of society and its impact on established legal principles, Murray examines the challenges faced with enthusiasm and clarity. Following a clearly-defined part structure, the text begins by defining the information society and discussing how it may be regulated, before moving on to explore issues of internet governance, privacy and surveillance, intellectual property and rights, and commerce within the digital sphere. Comprehensive and engaging, Information Technology Law takes an original and thought-provoking approach to examining this fast-moving area of law in context. Online resources - Additional chapters on the Digital Sphere and Virtual Environments - Audio podcasts suitable for revision - Updates to the law post-publication - A flashcard glossary of key terms and concepts - Outline answers to end of chapter questions