American Science Policy Since World War Ii

Author : Bruce L.R. Smith
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2011-02-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0815705476

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American Science Policy since World War II by Bruce L.R. Smith Pdf

Just after the close of World War II, America's political and scientific leaders reached an informal consensus on how science could best serve the nation and how government might best support science. The consensus lasted a generation before it broke under the pressures created by the Vietnam War. Since then the nation has struggled to reestablish shared beliefs about the means and goals of science policy. In American Science Policy Since World War II, author Bruce L. R. Smith makes sense of the break between science and government and identifies the patterns on postwar science affairs. He explains that what might otherwise seem to be a miscellaneous set of separate episodes actually constituted a continuing debate of national importance that was closely linked to broad political and economic trends. Smith's precise and unique analysis gives both the scholar and historian a better understanding of where we are and how we got there while casting a modest light on future policy directions.

Author : Edgar Hund
Publisher : Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Publishing Company
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 007031277X

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Microwave Communications by Edgar Hund Pdf

Author : Jessica Wang
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2000-11-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9780807867105

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American Science in an Age of Anxiety by Jessica Wang Pdf

No professional group in the United States benefited more from World War II than the scientific community. After the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, scientists enjoyed unprecedented public visibility and political influence as a new elite whose expertise now seemed critical to America's future. But as the United States grew committed to Cold War conflict with the Soviet Union and the ideology of anticommunism came to dominate American politics, scientists faced an increasingly vigorous regimen of security and loyalty clearances as well as the threat of intrusive investigations by the notorious House Committee on Un-American Activities and other government bodies. This book is the first major study of American scientists' encounters with Cold War anticommunism in the decade after World War II. By examining cases of individual scientists subjected to loyalty and security investigations, the organizational response of the scientific community to political attacks, and the relationships between Cold War ideology and postwar science policy, Jessica Wang demonstrates the stifling effects of anticommunist ideology on the politics of science. She exposes the deep divisions over the Cold War within the scientific community and provides a complex story of hard choices, a community in crisis, and roads not taken.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Science and state
ISBN : UCR:31210008986471

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A History of Science Policy in the United States, 1940-1985 by Anonim Pdf

Author : Steven W. Hook,John Spanier
Publisher : CQ Press
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2018-01-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781506385624

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American Foreign Policy Since World War II by Steven W. Hook,John Spanier Pdf

The Gold Standard for Textbooks on American Foreign Policy American Foreign Policy Since World War II provides you with an understanding of America’s current challenges by exploring its historical experience as the world’s predominant power since World War II. Through this process of historical reflection and insight, you become better equipped to place the current problems of the nation’s foreign policy agenda into modern policy context. With each new edition, authors Steven W. Hook and John Spanier find that new developments in foreign policy conform to their overarching theme—there is an American “style” of foreign policy imbued with a distinct sense of national exceptionalism. This Twenty-First Edition continues to explore America’s unique national style with chapters that address the aftershocks of the Arab Spring and the revival of power politics. Additionally, an entirely new chapter devoted to the current administration discusses the implications of a changing American policy under the Trump presidency.

Author : Nat Clinton Robertson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Diffusion of innovations
ISBN : UIUC:30112106854083

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Science Policy in the United States: Science policy in the United States by Nat Clinton Robertson Pdf

Author : Steven W Hook,J. Spanier
Publisher : C Q Press College
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2006-07-15
Category : History
ISBN : STANFORD:36105123550118

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American Foreign Policy Since World War II, 17th Edition by Steven W Hook,J. Spanier Pdf

Presents an examination of the conduct of American foreign policy in the second half of the twentieth century, looking at Cold War developments, the post-Cold War period, the war on terrorism, and the problems facing the U.S. in the early 2000s.

Author : Alan I Marcus,Amy Sue Bix
Publisher : Prometheus Books
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : History
ISBN : STANFORD:36105123297744

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The Future is Now by Alan I Marcus,Amy Sue Bix Pdf

Since the creation of the National Science foundation in 1950, the federal government has acknowledged and supported the centrality of science and technology to the global competitiveness of the United States. In this important work, historians Alan I Marcus and Amy Sue Bix present illuminating case studies that highlight crucial policy patterns, shifts in emphasis, and debates over future directions of US science and technology policy. One major theme that emerges from these studies is that universities quickly became the main vehicles through which national science and technology policy was developed. As universities became involved in implementing federal policy, their role as educational institutions inevitably changed. Other themes include the effect of gender and minority concerns on policy, as well as the application of social science to selecting research agendas and technology initiatives. Marcus and Bix’s revealing analysis corrects the misperception that federal science and technology policy is solely concerned with defense. They demonstrate that biotechnology, robotics, nanotechnology, and information science have also become potent policy choices in recent years, impacting such diverse areas of society as medicine, agriculture, energy use, economic trends, and homeland security. Containing a wealth of information and insightful analysis, this comprehensive chronological study will be especially useful for undergraduate readers, while offering much to graduate students and established scholars.

Author : Nat Clinton Robertson,Paul Cocks
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Research
ISBN : UOM:39015008905708

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Science Policy: Science policy in the United States by Nat Clinton Robertson,Paul Cocks Pdf

Author : Greg Whitesides
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Science and international relations
ISBN : 110830396X

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Science and American Foreign Relations Since World War II by Greg Whitesides Pdf

Author : Greg Whitesides
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2020-05-28
Category : History
ISBN : 1108409911

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Science and American Foreign Relations since World War II by Greg Whitesides Pdf

The sciences played a critical role in American foreign policy after World War II. From atomic energy and satellites to the green revolution, scientific advances were central to American diplomacy in the early Cold War, as the United States leveraged its scientific and technical pre-eminence to secure alliances and markets. The growth of applied research in the 1970s, exemplified by the biotech industry, led the United States to promote global intellectual property rights. Priorities shifted with the collapse of the Soviet Union, as attention turned to information technology and environmental sciences. Today, international relations take place within a scientific and technical framework, whether in the headlines on global warming and the war on terror or in the fine print of intellectual property rights. Science and American Foreign Relations since World War II provides the historical background necessary to understand the contemporary geopolitics of science.

Author : National Research Council,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Committee on Criteria for Federal Support of Research and Development
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 107 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1995-11-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309176002

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Allocating Federal Funds for Science and Technology by National Research Council,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Committee on Criteria for Federal Support of Research and Development Pdf

The United States faces a new challengeâ€"maintaining the vitality of its system for supporting science and technology despite fiscal stringency during the next several years. To address this change, the Senate Appropriations Committee requested a report from the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and the Institute of Medicine to address "the criteria that should be used in judging the appropriate allocation of funds to research and development activities; to examine the appropriate balance among different types of institutions that conduct such research; and to look at the means of assuring continued objectivity in the allocation process." In this eagerly-awaited book, a committee of experts selected by the National Academies and the Institute responds with 13 recommendations that propose a new budgeting process and formulates a series of questions to address during that process. The committee also makes corollary recommendations about merit review, government oversight, linking research and development to government missions, the synergy between research and education, and other topics. The recommendations are aimed at rooting out obsolete and inadequate activities to free resources from good programs for even better ones, in the belief that "science and technology will be at least as important in the future as they have been in the past in dealing with problems that confront the nation." The authoring committee of this book was chaired by Frank Press, former President of the National Academy of Sciences (1981-1993) and Presidential Science and Technology Advisor (1977-1981).

Author : Vannevar Bush
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2021-02-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691201658

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Science, the Endless Frontier by Vannevar Bush Pdf

The classic case for why government must support science—with a new essay by physicist and former congressman Rush Holt on what democracy needs from science today Science, the Endless Frontier is recognized as the landmark argument for the essential role of science in society and government’s responsibility to support scientific endeavors. First issued when Vannevar Bush was the director of the US Office of Scientific Research and Development during the Second World War, this classic remains vital in making the case that scientific progress is necessary to a nation’s health, security, and prosperity. Bush’s vision set the course for US science policy for more than half a century, building the world’s most productive scientific enterprise. Today, amid a changing funding landscape and challenges to science’s very credibility, Science, the Endless Frontier resonates as a powerful reminder that scientific progress and public well-being alike depend on the successful symbiosis between science and government. This timely new edition presents this iconic text alongside a new companion essay from scientist and former congressman Rush Holt, who offers a brief introduction and consideration of what society needs most from science now. Reflecting on the report’s legacy and relevance along with its limitations, Holt contends that the public’s ability to cope with today’s issues—such as public health, the changing climate and environment, and challenging technologies in modern society—requires a more capacious understanding of what science can contribute. Holt considers how scientists should think of their obligation to society and what the public should demand from science, and he calls for a renewed understanding of science’s value for democracy and society at large. A touchstone for concerned citizens, scientists, and policymakers, Science, the Endless Frontier endures as a passionate articulation of the power and potential of science.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1970
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:253381078

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Science and Technology by Anonim Pdf

Author : United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development,Vannevar Bush
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1945
Category : Government publications
ISBN : UOM:39015008975248

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Science, the Endless Frontier by United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development,Vannevar Bush Pdf

This influential report described science as "a largely unexplored hinterland" that would provide the "essential key" to the economic prosperity of the post World War II years.