Ameru And Their Fragmented Democracy

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Ameru and Their Fragmented Democracy

Tarcisio F. B. Gichunge A. N. D. Richard ALFRED GITONGA
Ameru and Their Fragmented Democracy Book PDF

Author : Tarcisio F. B. Gichunge A. N. D. Richard ALFRED GITONGA
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2020-09-19
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9798687826136

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Ameru and Their Fragmented Democracy by Tarcisio F. B. Gichunge A. N. D. Richard ALFRED GITONGA Pdf

AMERU AND THEIR FRAGMENTED DEMOCRACYThe Ameru community of Meru County in Kenya, were the first people in black Africa who transformed their lives through different Epochs, while they moved from one place to another in history. Ameru were never static in nature; they moved from one place to another due to changing circumstances of their life. They were lucky or unlucky to be involved with other people who chased them from their homes for one reason or another.Their history threads several Epochs from their creation by God in the Middle East, where they were chased by their enemies who wanted to annihilate them. They crossed the Red Sea from the Middle East to Egypt and lived there for many centuries as they advanced in technology to be the builders of the Pyramids, before being forced out by the Libyan mercenaries. Their second long and epic journey ended when they settled in Mboa (Manda Island) Kenya.In Manda Island, Kenya which they named Mboa (new home), they lived for centuries before being disturbed by the people they called Nguuntune (the Portuguese) from 15th, century to 17th, Century. The Portuguese had hunted and captured them as slaves for export to Americas. Through those bumpy and bouncy experiences, they had developed various methods of survival and organization of their governance.The Ameru community embraced actual democratic Government that had three independent arms for its operations. There was the Legislature arm, held by Njurincheke who made laws for the community. There was the Judiciary arm, held by Mugwe who judged and delivered judgments for the cases brought before him on behalf of the aggrieved parties. There was the Executive arm, held by one Kaura O'Becau who performed the role of the administration and advice on all matters that required arbitration.Thus, even before the arrival of the colonizers in Kenya, Ameru of Meru County had their three institutions that governed the affairs of the community in a democratic manner, with the rule of law being paramount.Anywhere, in Africa, it was only in Meru, Kenya where people practiced a "democratic government of the people by the people for the people themselves." However, when civilization and modernization emerged with colonizers taking control of Kenya and eventually Kenya gaining Independence, the Ameru Community's Egalitarianism, Social Equality and Democracy were disintegrated, fragmented and disjointed.You are welcome to read on to discover how that disintegration and fragmentation came about.

Fragmented Democracy

Jamila Michener
Fragmented Democracy Book PDF

Author : Jamila Michener
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2018-03-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781316510193

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Fragmented Democracy by Jamila Michener Pdf

Because of federalism, Medicaid takes very different forms in different places. This has dramatic and crucial consequences for democratic citizenship.

The Future Of Democratic Equality

Joseph M. Schwartz
The Future Of Democratic Equality Book PDF

Author : Joseph M. Schwartz
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2008-10-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781135944537

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The Future Of Democratic Equality by Joseph M. Schwartz Pdf

2011 David Easton Award, presented for the best book by the Foundations of Political Theory section of APSA: "The Future of Democratic Equality, by Joseph Schwartz, takes on three tasks, and accomplishes all brilliantly. Any one of these tasks well fulfilled would have been a laudable achievement. First, Schwartz argues for the centrality of the question of equality to democratic politics. Second, he critically analyzes and explains the shocking rise in inequality in the United States over the last three decades. This he does with conceptual clarity, rich interdisciplinary analysis, and a thorough examination of hard socioeconomic data. Third, he assails the near absence of concern for this soaring inequality among contemporary political theorists, and offers a cogent, and stinging, explanation that takes to task the discipline’s preoccupation with difference and identity severed from the pragmatics of democratic equality. The Future of Democratic Equality is a courageous and disciplined effort to tackle a hugely important political problem and intellectual puzzle. It well embodies the spirit of the Easton Book Award by providing well-grounded normative theory targeted to an urgent matter of contemporary concern. It is a must read for anyone who cares about democracy." - Respectfully submitted by Leslie Paul Thiele, University of Florida (chair) and Cary J. Nederman, Texas A&M University Why has contemporary radical political theory remained virtually silent about the stunning rise in inequality in the United States over the past thirty years? Schwartz contends that since the 1980s, most radical theorists shifted their focus away from interrogating social inequality to criticizing the liberal and radical tradition for being inattentive to the role of difference and identity within social life. This critique brought more awareness of the relative autonomy of gender, racial, and sexual oppression. But, as Schwartz argues, it also led many theorists to forget that if difference is institutionalized on a terrain of radical economic inequality, unjust inequalities in social and political power will inevitably persist. Schwartz cautions against a new radical theoretical orthodoxy: that "universal" norms such as equality and solidarity are inherently repressive and homogenizing, whereas particular norms and identities are truly emancipatory. Reducing inequality among Americans, as well as globally, will take a high level of social solidarity--a level far from today's fragmented politics. In focusing the left's attention on the need to reconstruct a governing model that speaks to the aspirations of the majority, Schwartz provocatively applies this vision to such real world political issues as welfare reform, race relations, childcare, and the democratic regulation of the global economy.

The Submerged State

Suzanne Mettler
The Submerged State Book PDF

Author : Suzanne Mettler
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2011-08-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780226521664

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The Submerged State by Suzanne Mettler Pdf

“Keep your government hands off my Medicare!” Such comments spotlight a central question animating Suzanne Mettler’s provocative and timely book: why are many Americans unaware of government social benefits and so hostile to them in principle, even though they receive them? The Obama administration has been roundly criticized for its inability to convey how much it has accomplished for ordinary citizens. Mettler argues that this difficulty is not merely a failure of communication; rather it is endemic to the formidable presence of the “submerged state.” In recent decades, federal policymakers have increasingly shunned the outright disbursing of benefits to individuals and families and favored instead less visible and more indirect incentives and subsidies, from tax breaks to payments for services to private companies. These submerged policies, Mettler shows, obscure the role of government and exaggerate that of the market. As a result, citizens are unaware not only of the benefits they receive, but of the massive advantages given to powerful interests, such as insurance companies and the financial industry. Neither do they realize that the policies of the submerged state shower their largest benefits on the most affluent Americans, exacerbating inequality. Mettler analyzes three Obama reforms—student aid, tax relief, and health care—to reveal the submerged state and its consequences, demonstrating how structurally difficult it is to enact policy reforms and even to obtain public recognition for achieving them. She concludes with recommendations for reform to help make hidden policies more visible and governance more comprehensible to all Americans. The sad truth is that many American citizens do not know how major social programs work—or even whether they benefit from them. Suzanne Mettler’s important new book will bring government policies back to the surface and encourage citizens to reclaim their voice in the political process.

Authoritarian Police in Democracy

Yanilda María González
Authoritarian Police in Democracy Book PDF

Author : Yanilda María González
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 375 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2020-11-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781108830393

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Authoritarian Police in Democracy by Yanilda María González Pdf

Explains the persistence of violent, unaccountable policing in democratic contexts.

Laboratories Against Democracy

Jacob Grumbach
Laboratories Against Democracy Book PDF

Author : Jacob Grumbach
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2022-07-19
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780691218458

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Laboratories Against Democracy by Jacob Grumbach Pdf

As national political fights are waged at the state level, democracy itself pays the price Over the past generation, the Democratic and Republican parties have each become nationally coordinated political teams. American political institutions, on the other hand, remain highly decentralized. Laboratories against Democracy shows how national political conflicts are increasingly flowing through the subnational institutions of state politics—with profound consequences for public policy and American democracy. Jacob Grumbach argues that as Congress has become more gridlocked, national partisan and activist groups have shifted their sights to the state level, nationalizing state politics in the process and transforming state governments into the engines of American policymaking. He shows how this has had the ironic consequence of making policy more varied across the states as red and blue party coalitions implement increasingly distinct agendas in areas like health care, reproductive rights, and climate change. The consequences don’t stop there, however. Drawing on a wealth of new data on state policy, public opinion, money in politics, and democratic performance, Grumbach traces how national groups are using state governmental authority to suppress the vote, gerrymander districts, and erode the very foundations of democracy itself. Required reading for this precarious moment in our politics, Laboratories against Democracy reveals how the pursuit of national partisan agendas at the state level has intensified the challenges facing American democracy, and asks whether today’s state governments are mitigating the political crises of our time—or accelerating them.

Democracy in Africa

Nic Cheeseman
Democracy in Africa Book PDF

Author : Nic Cheeseman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2015-05-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9780521191128

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Democracy in Africa by Nic Cheeseman Pdf

This book provides the first comprehensive overview of Africa's history of democracy, grappling with important questions facing Africa today.

Democratic Latin America

Craig Arceneaux
Democratic Latin America Book PDF

Author : Craig Arceneaux
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 530 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2015-10-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317348825

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Democratic Latin America by Craig Arceneaux Pdf

Drawing on new approaches in comparative politics, Democratic Latin America focuses on analyzing political institutions as a way to assess broader trends in the region’s politics, including the rise of democracy. The text looks at the major institutions–executive, legislature, judiciary, military, and more—in 18 democratic countries to not only provide an expansive view of politics in Latin America but to also facilitate cross-national comparison. Democratic Latin America uniquely surveys the "what” of the region’s politics as well as the “why” and “how” to help students critically consider Latin America’s future.

The Deadlock of Democracy in Brazil

Barry Ames
The Deadlock of Democracy in Brazil Book PDF

Author : Barry Ames
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2009-01-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780472021437

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The Deadlock of Democracy in Brazil by Barry Ames Pdf

Many countries have experimented with different electoral rules in order either to increase involvement in the political system or make it easier to form stable governments. Barry Ames explores this important topic in one of the world's most populous and important democracies, Brazil. This book locates one of the sources of Brazil's "crisis of governance" in the nation's unique electoral system, a system that produces a multiplicity of weak parties and individualistic, pork-oriented politicians with little accountability to citizens. It explains the government's difficulties in adopting innovative policies by examining electoral rules, cabinet formation, executive-legislative conflict, party discipline and legislative negotiation. The book combines extensive use of new sources of data, ranging from historical and demographic analysis in focused comparisons of individual states to unique sources of data for the exploration of legislative politics. The discussion of party discipline in the Chamber of Deputies is the first multivariate model of party cooperation or defection in Latin America that includes measures of such important phenomena as constituency effects, pork-barrel receipts, ideology, electoral insecurity, and intention to seek reelection. With a unique data set and a sophisticated application of rational choice theory, Barry Ames demonstrates the effect of different electoral rules for election to Brazil's legislature. The readership of this book includes anyone wanting to understand the crisis of democratic politics in Brazil. The book will be especially useful to scholars and students in the areas of comparative politics, Latin American politics, electoral analysis, and legislative studies. Barry Ames is the Andrew Mellon Professor of Comparative Politics and Chair, Department of Political Science, University of Pittsburgh.

The Fracturing of the American Corporate Elite

Mark S. Mizruchi
The Fracturing of the American Corporate Elite Book PDF

Author : Mark S. Mizruchi
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2013-05-07
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780674075368

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The Fracturing of the American Corporate Elite by Mark S. Mizruchi Pdf

Critics warn that corporate leaders have too much influence over American politics. Mark Mizruchi worries they exert too little. American CEOs have abdicated their civic responsibilities in helping the government address national challenges, with grave consequences for society. A sobering assessment of the dissolution of America’s business class.

Prophetic Fragments

Cornel West
Prophetic Fragments Book PDF

Author : Cornel West
Publisher : Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
ISBN : 0802807216

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Prophetic Fragments by Cornel West Pdf

"This collection of writings, drawn from a wide variety of sources, reveals the intellectual depth and breadth of the author. The articles include political commentary, cultural critique, literary analysis, extended book reviews, and even a short story by West. All of these are held together by a prophetic Afro-American Christian perspective. The value of this book is that it provides easy access to a significant selection of the author's corpus." --Religious Studies Review (October 1989) "This volume collects over 50 articles, book reviews, and addresses by a Union Seminary theologian . . . . The most eloquent pieces are those in which West explains and interprets his more personally felt tradition of Afro-American Protestantism." -- Library Journal

Hyperlocal

Jennifer S. Vey,Nate Storring
Hyperlocal Book PDF

Author : Jennifer S. Vey,Nate Storring
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2022-10-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780815739586

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Hyperlocal by Jennifer S. Vey,Nate Storring Pdf

An examination of how the (hyper)local is the locus of real change Many of America’s downtowns, waterfronts, and innovation districts have experienced significant revitalization and reinvestment in recent years, but concentrated poverty and racial segregation remain persistent across thousands of urban, suburban, and rural neighborhoods. The coronavirus pandemic magnified this sustained and growing landscape of inequality. Uneven patterns of economic growth and investment require a shift in how communities are governed and managed. This shift must take into account the changing socioeconomic realities of regions and the pressing need to bring inclusive economic growth and prosperity to more people and places. In this context, place-based (“hyperlocal”) governance structures in the United States and around the globe have been both part of the problem and part of the solution. These organizations range from community land trusts to business improvement districts to neighborhood councils. However, very little systematic research has documented the full diversity and evolution of these organizations as part of one interrelated field. Hyperlocal helps fill that gap by describing the challenges and opportunities of “place governance.” The chapters in Hyperlocal explore both the tensions and benefits associated with governing places in an increasingly fragmented—and inequitable—economic landscape. Together they explore the potential of place governance to give stakeholders a structure through which to share ideas, voice concerns, advocate for investments, and co-design strategies with others both inside and outside their place. They also discuss how place governance can serve the interests of some stakeholders over others, in turn exacerbating wealth-based inequities within and across communities. Finally, they highlight innovative financing, organizing, and ownership models for creating and sustaining more effective and inclusive place governance structures. The authors hope to provoke new thinking among place governance practitioners, policymakers, private sector leaders, urban planners, scholars, students, and philanthropists about how, why, and for whom place governance matters. The book also provides guidance on how to improve place governance practice to benefit more people and places.

Democracy in America (Complete)

Alexis de Tocqueville
Democracy in America Complete Book PDF

Author : Alexis de Tocqueville
Publisher : Library of Alexandria
Page : 1320 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2020-09-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781613105009

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Democracy in America (Complete) by Alexis de Tocqueville Pdf

Amongst the novel objects that attracted my attention during my stay in the United States, nothing struck me more forcibly than the general equality of conditions. I readily discovered the prodigious influence which this primary fact exercises on the whole course of society, by giving a certain direction to public opinion, and a certain tenor to the laws; by imparting new maxims to the governing powers, and peculiar habits to the governed. I speedily perceived that the influence of this fact extends far beyond the political character and the laws of the country, and that it has no less empire over civil society than over the Government; it creates opinions, engenders sentiments, suggests the ordinary practices of life, and modifies whatever it does not produce. The more I advanced in the study of American society, the more I perceived that the equality of conditions is the fundamental fact from which all others seem to be derived, and the central point at which all my observations constantly terminated. I then turned my thoughts to our own hemisphere, where I imagined that I discerned something analogous to the spectacle which the New World presented to me. I observed that the equality of conditions is daily progressing towards those extreme limits which it seems to have reached in the United States, and that the democracy which governs the American communities appears to be rapidly rising into power in Europe. I hence conceived the idea of the book which is now before the reader. It is evident to all alike that a great democratic revolution is going on amongst us; but there are two opinions as to its nature and consequences. To some it appears to be a novel accident, which as such may still be checked; to others it seems irresistible, because it is the most uniform, the most ancient, and the most permanent tendency which is to be found in history. Let us recollect the situation of France seven hundred years ago, when the territory was divided amongst a small number of families, who were the owners of the soil and the rulers of the inhabitants; the right of governing descended with the family inheritance from generation to generation; force was the only means by which man could act on man, and landed property was the sole source of power. Soon, however, the political power of the clergy was founded, and began to exert itself: the clergy opened its ranks to all classes, to the poor and the rich, the villein and the lord; equality penetrated into the Government through the Church, and the being who as a serf must have vegetated in perpetual bondage took his place as a priest in the midst of nobles, and not infrequently above the heads of kings. The different relations of men became more complicated and more numerous as society gradually became more stable and more civilized. Thence the want of civil laws was felt; and the order of legal functionaries soon rose from the obscurity of the tribunals and their dusty chambers, to appear at the court of the monarch, by the side of the feudal barons in their ermine and their mail. Whilst the kings were ruining themselves by their great enterprises, and the nobles exhausting their resources by private wars, the lower orders were enriching themselves by commerce. The influence of money began to be perceptible in State affairs. The transactions of business opened a new road to power, and the financier rose to a station of political influence in which he was at once flattered and despised. Gradually the spread of mental acquirements, and the increasing taste for literature and art, opened chances of success to talent; science became a means of government, intelligence led to social power, and the man of letters took a part in the affairs of the State. The value attached to the privileges of birth decreased in the exact proportion in which new paths were struck out to advancement. In the eleventh century nobility was beyond all price; in the thirteenth it might be purchased; it was conferred for the first time in 1270; and equality was thus introduced into the Government by the aristocracy itself.

Social Fragmentation and the Decline of American Democracy

Robert E. Denton, Jr.,Benjamin Voth
Social Fragmentation and the Decline of American Democracy Book PDF

Author : Robert E. Denton, Jr.,Benjamin Voth
Publisher : Springer
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2016-12-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783319439228

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Social Fragmentation and the Decline of American Democracy by Robert E. Denton, Jr.,Benjamin Voth Pdf

This book explores the social and political implications of what the authors identify as the decline of the social contract in America and the rise of a citizenry that has become self-centered, entitled, and independent. For nearly two decades, America has been in a “cultural war” over moral values and social issues, becoming a divided nation geographically, politically, socially, and morally. We are witnessing the decline of American Democracy, the authors argue, resulting from the erosion of the idea of the social contract. Especially since the “baby boomers,” each successive generation has emphasized personal license to the exclusion of service, social integration, and the common good. With the social contact, the larger general will becomes the means of establishing reciprocal rights and duties, privileges, and responsibilities as a basis of the state. The balkanization of America has changed the role of government from one of oversight to one of dependency, where individual freedom and responsibility are sacrificed for group equality. This book examines the conditions of this social fragmentation, and offers ideas of an American Renaissance predicated on communicative idealism.

Politics and Political Elites in Latin America

Manuel Alcántara,Mercedes García Montero,Cristina Rivas Pérez
Politics and Political Elites in Latin America Book PDF

Author : Manuel Alcántara,Mercedes García Montero,Cristina Rivas Pérez
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 357 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2020-09-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783030515843

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Politics and Political Elites in Latin America by Manuel Alcántara,Mercedes García Montero,Cristina Rivas Pérez Pdf

This book presents in-depth analyses of the data gathered for 26 years by the Political Elites of Latin America project (PELA), the most comprehensive database about the topic in the world. Since 1994, PELA has conducted around 9,000 personal interviews with representative samples of the Legislative Powers of 18 Latin American countries, generating a unique resource for the study of political elites in a comparative perspective. Now, this contributed volume brings together studies that dig into the data gathered by PELA to discuss important topics related to the challenges faced by representative democracy in Latin America. After an introductory chapter that presents the potential of the PELA database, the book is structured in two parts. The first addresses in eight chapters important aspects of representative democracy such as political ambition, political trust, satisfaction with democracy, clientelism and the quality of democracy. It then discusses three relevant issues in Latin American political dynamics such as executive-legislative relations, women's participation as representatives, and the meaning of China and the United States in national politics. The second part addresses in five chapters studies of seven national cases that are representative of regional heterogeneity. These chapters aim to examine parliamentarian elites’ attitudes in different political systems with regard to a variety of relevant issues such as institutional trust, satisfaction with democracy, Executive-Legislative relations, clientelism, and gender questions. Furthermore, these chapters intend to evince the evolution of such attitudes in the course of the last two decades. Politics and Political Elites in Latin America: Challenges and Trends will be of interest to scholars and students of comparative politics in general and, more particularly, to those interested in the challenges faced by representative democracy not only in Latin America, but in many parts of the world.